Chapter 1: Introduction to Terminology in AMP1 and AMP2
Importance of Chapter 1
- Focus on essential terminology for AMP1 and AMP2.
- Emphasis on practice to become comfortable with terms.
Systems Covered
- Integumentary System: Includes skin, hair, fingernails, and toenails.
- Skeletal System: Comprises bones and joints.
- Muscular System: Focus mainly on skeletal muscles.
- Nervous System: Consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
- Noted as the most complex system, requiring detailed study.
Key Term: Homeostasis
- Defined as the body's effort to maintain internal stability, despite external changes.
- Example: Body temperature regulation.
- Cold: Shivering increases heat production.
- Hot: Sweating helps cool down the body.
Anatomical Position
- Standard position for anatomical reference.
- Person stands erect, feet slightly apart, arms at sides, head and palms facing forward.
- Key for consistent orientation of body parts.
Body Regions
- Axial Region: Head, neck, chest, and abdomen (trunk).
- Appendicular Region: Limbs and points of attachment to the trunk (e.g., shoulders, hips).
Directional Terms
- Superior/Inferior: Above (closer to head) / Below (closer to lower body).
- Ventral/Dorsal (Anterior/Posterior): Front (belly side) / Back.
- Medial/Lateral: Closer to midline / Further from midline.
- Proximal/Distal: Closer to origin of body part / Further from origin.
- Superficial/Deep: Closer to outer body surface / Further within the body.
Body Planes
- Sagittal Plane: Divides body into left and right halves.
- Transverse Plane: Divides body into superior and inferior parts.
- Frontal (Coronal) Plane: Divides body into anterior and posterior parts.
Body Cavities
- Dorsal Cavity: Houses brain and spinal cord.
- Ventral Cavity: Includes thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
- Thoracic: Contains mediastinum (top), pericardial (heart), pleural cavities (lungs).
- Abdominopelvic: Contains abdominal (digestive organs) and pelvic cavity (bladder, reproductive organs).
Abdominopelvic Quadrants
- Umbilical Region: Center around belly button.
- Epigastric: Above umbilical.
- Hypogastric: Below umbilical.
- Left/Right Quadrants: Hypochondriac (top), Lumbar (middle), Iliac/Inguinal (bottom).
Serous Membranes
- Parietal Serosa: Lines internal body walls.
- Visceral Serosa: Covers internal organs, merging with parietal serosa to keep organs in position.
Conclusion
- Emphasize practice with these terms through assignments.
- Encourage questions and additional practice.
These notes cover the essential terminology and concepts from Chapter 1, which are crucial for understanding body orientation and function in anatomy and physiology courses.