Overview
This lecture explains the concept of scale of analysis in geography, distinguishing it from map scale, and explores how analyzing data at different scales reveals varying patterns and details.
Scale vs. Scale of Analysis
- Scale is the ratio of distance on a map to distance on the earth’s surface.
- Scale of analysis refers to how geographic data is grouped (global, regional, national, local).
- Do not confuse map scale (zoom level/detail) with scale of analysis (level of data organization).
Types of Scales of Analysis
- Global Scale: examines data across the entire world.
- Regional Scale: focuses on a specific region with multiple countries.
- National Scale: looks at individual countries.
- Sub-National/Local Scale: examines smaller units like states, cities, zip codes, or census tracts.
Map Scales: Small vs. Large
- Small scale maps show large areas with few details (e.g. world maps, zoomed out).
- Large scale maps show small areas with many details (e.g. city maps, zoomed in).
Identifying Scale of Analysis on Maps
- The map's physical scale (zoom) does not always match its scale of analysis.
- Example: a global map showing data by country is national scale of analysis, not global.
- If data is organized by smaller units (e.g. counties), the scale of analysis is sub-national or local.
Why Scale of Analysis Matters
- Changing the scale of analysis changes the patterns and details we see in data.
- Local analysis gives specific, detailed trends (e.g. picking a city for a treatment center).
- Global or regional analysis reveals broader, more general patterns.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Scale — the ratio of distance on a map to actual distance on earth.
- Scale of Analysis — the level at which data is grouped for study: global, regional, national, or local.
- Small Scale Map — map showing a large area with little detail (zoomed out).
- Large Scale Map — map showing a small area with much detail (zoomed in).
- Sub-National Scale — level below national, such as states, cities, or counties.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Practice identifying both map scale and scale of analysis on different maps.
- Pause and review example maps to determine their scale and scale of analysis.
- Review pinned answers in the comments for additional clarification.