hello everyone um welcome to ICT revision notes um this is JCS IG and a level tutorials all right uh in this video we're going to look at types and components of a computer system right so this mainly for the IG ICT J paper um and so let's get start right now in this chapter we aim to revisit or revise um Hardware software the main component of a computer system we're looking at operating systems types of computers and Imaging Technologies uh this note is really summarized to help you Ace your IC Sor Theory and so please make sure you pay key attention um do what to hit the subscription button um if you like this video and want me to do um some more videos just hit the subscription button um so I know I have to do other videos especially just tell me the areas you are more interested in in the comment section and um I will do all to deliver on that all right so without much I do um let's go on to Hardware now Hardware are just a physical part of a computer system that you can touch okay so if you open a computer you can equally touch some parts within the open computer right so those part that we can touch are refer towards the internal component of the computer and a good example is the motherboard the ram the CPU graphic card sound card the internal storage device and we have the network interface card this these are just a few of them right now the internal Hardware uh we have the motherboard which is a second board that I as a central Hub in other words it holds all the other part um components that makes up the computer system right now the central processing unit is the brain of the computer and we have the ram also known as the random access memory um programs temporary okay as you working on a computer the ram is the one that is responsible for storing the informations or the data that you are working on until you have finally until you finally decide to um save it onto um an decide to finally save it onto an internal hard drive all right when so the internal hard drive is referred to as the internal storage we have the hardex drive or the SSD right all right now the internal hard drive permanently Stores um other all the information that you want to save okay for future use now we also have the graphic cards the sound card and the network interface card the graphic card is what gives us the visual displays that we have on our computers and enable us to U watch videos in great um Quality you know the sound card makes us to play sound and hear sound is that okay and then we have the network interface card that allows you to browse and interact with the network now we also have the external hardware right so the external hardware compris of the input output and the peripheral or also refer to as the extra okay now the input devices that we commonly use are the keyboard mouse scanner webcam the microphone or or the touch screen on our laptops or I mean tablets we also have the output device which is the monitor printer and speakers output because they bring out something so monitor let you see something the printer brings out the printed version of the soft version that you have on your screen and then the speaker allows you to hear whatever is happening on your device then we also have an external storage device or webcam and this only add up to the computer to make it a bit bulky or useful right now the are some examples of the internal Hardware that I've mentioned earlier we have the CPU motherboard so these are just graphic um display or pictures of the two um the types some types of internal Hardware then we also have some examples here which is the keyboard we have the webcam some mouse and then the scanner I believe at this point we can take a short quiz to test our understanding on the uh what we've just done I mean that's basically everything you need to know under uh Hardware okay so let's take a short quiz to see if we really understand what we have done so here we go all right so let's put this here A quick one so the first question says Identify the hardware um identify the hardware from the description given so um a volatile internal memory that stops the current instruction so we just spoke about um One internal Hardware that stops instructions temporary um are you able to remember the name so take a few minutes and then fill in the answer um the next one says that a printed circuit board containing the CPU and other component of a computer so what do you think would be a printed circuit board we mentioned this earlier on if you remember and then we have a printer C keyboard that controls the output of a monitor so whatever comes out of the monitor what allows us to see the images on the monitor then the final one here says that a printer a keyboard that is installed in a computer so that the computer can be connected to to network so um 1 2 3 4 I guess you are done this is this is a past question actually I just pick the question two of uh 2023 yeah so this this a past paper right and you not that this the first answer should be Ram okay the second one here a second board printed so that should be the motherboard the the next one say printer a keyboard that controls the output so that's a graphic card and then the last one here is the network interface card I believe you got all right yeah so if you did let's move on to the next part of our notes which is software all right so under software software are set of instructions that other computer had the uh system software and then the application software now the application software basically the software that allows you to you know design programs or you know the basic software that you use on your computer the ones you use for playing games um doing calculation writing essays database okay so this these are basically um the application that you use so in this example when you um asked to answer questions on this you don't mention for example word processor you don't mention um Microsoft Office no that's that's that's an example of a web processing software okay then spreadsheets I mean an example will be okay Excel spreadsheet will be Excel then we have database management tools or software then we have control and measurement software and then we have other apps okay the apps that we have in your Computers video editing soft sofware graphic editing software audio editing software and then again we have the computer AED design these are all types of application software then we have the system software now the system software um is designed to provide a platform on which all the application softwares run okay and um we we have uh we have compilers um link linkers device drivers and operating um systems right then we also have utilities so one to the next point now so under system software um we have the operating system and we've mentioned that they manage the computer hardware and software so it provide a platform for other software to run basically so other software as a web processing software the apps the graphic editing software the um audio editing software they need a platform to work and the platform they need to work is referred to as a operating system right then we have device drivers now these are programs that allow the operating system to communicate with specific Hardware so for example if you have a printer and you want the printer to communicate with your machine then you should install a printer drive that will allow the operating system to send message on instruction to a printer so in other words any device any external device you connect to your computer there are this device drivers that needs to be um programmed or installed in order for your computer to communicate with those devices then we have compilers they are basically software that translate software code into machine codes okay for computers to run then we have linkers they combined multiple objects okay in other words they compile the the work um that the compiler has done the linkers put them together for I mean AAL execution to be done then we have the utility software now the utility softwares that we have here assist us with um performing tasks like um I mean file maintenance okay compressions of files and then um software installation and removal so if you have any software that you want to install or remove okay is a utility software that takes care of that and then we have virus um antiviruses all virus scanning um software as well they all fall under the utility software that bring us to the end of software now we want to talk about analog and digital Digital Data now Digital Data in short is um data that is processed in binary format or or they represent zeros and ones they are discrete okay and then we have the analog data I mean there are data that are continuous and smooth okay representing fiscal quantities like sound or temperature is that okay so um when sending and analog data to a computer computers are not able to understand the human language okay so it requires that you um convert this data into one that the computer understands so you need an analog to digital converter so the analog data that is taken needs to be converted into a digital format that is the zeros and ones in order for the computer to understand and in the same way um if the computer want to give out some information to us it need to convert it from a digital to an analog I mean form and so it use a digital to analog um so you're able to understand what a computer is saying instead of representing the output as zeros and ones it does that as um in a form that you are able to understand so this is just um some two graphs to represent what we mean by a smooth flow so analog you can see that this is a wave like movement the sounds that we give out are in the form of weight okay whilst computers do more of zeros one 1 0 0 1 that's it so that is it for analog and digital now we looking at the main component of the computer system so whenever you talk about the main computer component component of the computer system think about this diagram okay we have the input devices okay and then this input devices uh communicate with the central processing unit okay that's the brain of the computer which sit on the motherboard and whenever you have anything that you want to store it first of all needs to be in the ram okay and then finally push down to a secondary storage device if you want to take it outside or it keeps it within the computer's internal memory which is a s or the HDD if you have one okay so every computer actually has one right so um anything that you interact with the computer goes straight into the brain through the brain and then it it displays whatever you want to see okay so input it process it displays so for example if I typ one on the computer it needs to be processed by the CPU and it's been displayed on the screen now this takes I mean very few seconds to work so um it seems as if nothing has happened but in actual sense there's a lot of working going on behind the scene then anything that is stored on an external storage can also be retrieve onto the computer and then you can use it so basically this are the main component component of the computer system now just to come through again with all the um main ones we have the input device that's the first one I mentioned so the input devices allows you to interact with the computer the processor which is the brain of the computer execute every in instruction that you put virtually into the computer and then you have the internal memory that is able to I mean stall whatever that you uh have um put into the computer okay so now again when we talk about the internal memory there are two main types I mean we've we spoken about the ram um the ram yeah so now we want to talk about the ROM okay so there are two main types the ROM and then the the ram ROM I think we'll look at those details in the next slide so I wouldn't touch much on this here so backing or secondary storage I've touched on that already these are portable devices that allow us to save our work for later use okay then the output devices such as the monitor the screen the printer the speakers allows you to U view whatever you need to view then we have the internal memory and backing storage okay so here we're going to talk into detail about the RAM and then the ROM okay so the ram is volatile whilst the ROM is nonvolatile what is simply means is that when power goes out the information on the ram will not be saved whilst on the ROM it is temporal I mean nothing will be lost again Ram is read and write in other words you can uh put things there and take them out whil else the ram you only read information from there and then you can also store data files and then part of operating system on the ram whilst you can do this on the ram the ROM only stalls the BIOS that is the basic input and output that you need for the computer to start all right all right so the next one is types of operating systems and we are almost done with chapter one can you imagine all right so operating systems um we know that the operating systems are software that facilitate a computer's um operation and user interaction um the operating system manage basically the input and output and storage devices um and regulate data flow they also supervise the loathing execution and storage of applications they handle errors in real time ensure system security um login computer events and then facilitate um communication between the computer and it users so basically those are the um functionalities of the operating system now we have types of user interfaces two main types we have the graphic user interface and then we have the command line the graphic user interface is the ones that we mainly um use um every day which can be remembered by this um wi uh Windows icon Mouse and pointers so whims right so w i MP whims that's just how to remember for graphic user interface then we have the command line which needs hard code that they have test based so for you to be able to do anything on a command line um a test based machine then you you need to know the Cod very well is that okay so here we're looking at some benefit and um drawbacks of the two so the graphic user interface is more friendly it's user friendly compared to the command line okay so command line you need to know a lot of codes I mean in order to operate with a computer right then again again um on the other hand command line interface is faster uh if you know the codes it's much faster right to use um so those are some um benefits and disadvantages of the user interface now we looking at types of computers uh the main types of computers we have are the desktop laptops tablets smartphones okay and uh in this case if you're asked to talk about the advantages and disadvantages of them in terms of screen size um you can do a comparative analysis of all the four and you notice that the smartphone is the smallest okay and then in terms of keyboard size and how portable it is or how easy it is to do any kind of work you would have to do the comparison um based on the size of the um keyboard the screen okay and and this will help you to um answer any advantages and disadvantages on this type of um questions all right now Imaging Technologies that's the last one um emerging technologies that we talk about is in our textbook is artificial intelligence okay so involve um basic ones that we know of robots that have been used um a good example be Sophia and then the another one we can talk about is Char GPT okay and then the other AI that we have around some benefits um enhancement in safety and um Quality okay and then they accelerates the way things are done advancement in autom um autonomous um Vehicles right so if we look at some vehicles that are self-driven a good example will be wayo okay um Tesla is also there so this these are just examples of um AI um so machines that are programmed to um behave or rason like humans right then we have some drawbacks so potential job displacement so because of AI a lot of people have lost their jobs you know um so in in in in the past we have people who sit at call centers receive call and transmit calls to people but now we don't have that everyone has phones all around okay and then you have machine replacing people in Factory uh machines don't get tired when they work okay and then um they are reliable or AI are reliable okay and then some concerns about machines upsurging um human roads but um that that's quite debatable though right and then we have the virtual reality um so in this case when you are immersed I mean in some artificial world through um V VR headset okay so that your fiscal environment is replaced with a virtual one and make you um have a feel of what is happening now we also have extended reality which is a combination of the virtual and the raw um augmented in some cases um yeah augmented so in this case here you have a virtual world um and then you have the augmented the augmented doesn't take away your vision as compared to the virtual reality okay so augmented reality enhances the r World by over laying digital content on it so um some people can use their smart smart phones tablets or AI glasses to know have some great interaction so for example the brain know open up just by know flipping your hands around it right then we have some advantages and disadvantages um sorry some differences among the two um so here we can look at some differences among the two augmented reality and then the virtual reality so here um as I mentioned earlier the Within augmented the user is not isolated from The Real World but still can interact with it but with the virtual you are immersed in a virtual world right the augmented on the other hand exist in real world with virtual object overlaid um on the other hand the virtual reality completely takes you away then we have some special Googles or smart glasses that can be used to um have an experience with um the virtual world using the AR or VR last on the emerging Technologies we have robots robots are used for welding assembly comp um components painting spraying moving and packing they vacuuming so we have washing floors a vacuuming washing floors mowing glass grass in houses that we have some advantages of using robots so they can operate for 24 hours they don't get tied so um that bring us to the end so these are some this uh references that I use as far as this note is concerned so there are the two main ICT test books that are available um for me to um use so that bring us to the end of this tutorial so if you are interested if you found it useful um just subscribe and um in the comment section um let me know which other video I can upload right thank you bye-bye