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How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in terms of nuclear structure?
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Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus; their DNA floats freely. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus with a membrane-bound DNA.
Describe the role of vacuoles in plant cells.
They maintain osmotic balance and store substances like minerals, nutrients, and waste.
What is the function of the phospholipid bilayer in the cell membrane?
It forms a selectively permeable barrier, regulating the passage of substances.
What role does the rough ER play in cellular function?
It synthesizes proteins due to the presence of ribosomes.
How is the cytoskeleton involved in maintaining cell structure?
It provides structural support and aids in transport within the cell, composed of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.
Which type of cell wall component is unique to plants, algae, and fungi?
Cell wall which provides structural strength.
What is the role of centrioles in animal cells?
Centrioles assist in organizing microtubules during cell division.
What differentiates chromoplasts from chloroplasts and leukoplasts in plant cells?
Chromoplasts contain pigments that give plants their yellow, orange, and red colors.
Explain the primary function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells.
Generating ATP (energy) through cellular respiration.
How do lysosomes contribute to cellular maintenance?
By breaking down waste materials and cellular debris with enzymes.
What is the basic unit of life?
Cell
What is the significance of chloroplasts in plant cells?
They are responsible for photosynthesis, converting sunlight into chemical energy.
What function does the Golgi complex serve in a cell?
It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or for use within the cell.
What are peroxisomes and their main function?
Organelles that degrade toxic substances using oxidative enzymes.
How does the function of ribosomes relate to their lack of a membrane?
Ribosomes synthesize proteins and their lack of a membrane allows them to be attached to the membranes of the rough ER or free in the cytoplasm.
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