Notes on Rocks and Minerals

Introduction

• Overview of the topic: rocks and minerals.
• Importance of exploring the natural world.

Definition of Rocks

• Rocks are solid parts of the Earth.
• Commonly referred to as stones.
• Composed of various elements known as minerals.

Types of Rocks

• Classification by Origin:
  1. Igneous Rocks
     • Formed from cooled magma or lava.
  2. Sedimentary Rocks
     • Formed from sediment deposits over time.
  3. Metamorphic Rocks
     • Formed from existing rocks under heat and pressure.

Examples of Rocks

• Granite
• Coal
• Marble
• Petroleum
  • Noted as a liquid rock, formed from remains of living things and marine sediment.

Extraction of Rocks

• Rocks can be extracted from the Earth through:
  • Quarries (surface extraction)
  • Mining (underground extraction)

Properties of Minerals

• Minerals have distinct physical properties:
  • Hardness
  • Shape
  • Luster
  • Color

Examples of Minerals

1. Diamond
   • Hardest mineral.
2. Talc
   • Softest mineral.
3. Quartz
   • Can be white or pink.
4. Gold
   • Shiny material.

Uses of Rocks and Minerals

• Historically used for:
  • Making utensils
  • Building houses
  • Paving roads
  • Creating jewelry

Activity Suggestion

• Rocks and Minerals Exposition:
  • Work with classmates to gather rocks and minerals.
  • Label each item with:
    • Name
    • Photo
    • Location
    • Color
    • Texture (smooth/rough)
    • Hardness (scratch tests)

Conclusion

• Summary of key learnings:
  • Rocks are formed from minerals.
  • Both are vital components of nature.
• Encouragement to watch more videos for further learning.