hey enlex aspirant today we're delving into the crucial enlex questions and answers related to the respiratory system we've selected these 50 questions that were asked multiple times by the board last year so there's a higher chance that these questions may be repeated in your next exam stick with us until the end to grasp all the important enlex review questions let's start the video a female client with systemic lupus arthemius has developed shrinking lung syndrome and is on a prescribed course of prazone what symptom might she experience if she abruptly discontinues the medication a hypoglycemia and glycosuria B acute adrenal cordial insufficiency C gastrointestinal Hemorrhage D restlessness and seizures correct answer B acute adrenal cordial insufficiency let's delve into why this is the correct answer prazone is a cordio steroid and its long-term use can suppress the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal HPA axis this axis is crucial for regulating cortisol production in the body when a patient abruptly stops taking prazone particularly after a prolonged period it can lead to a sudden drop in cortisol levels this condition is known as acute adreno cordal insufficiency a serious health risk it's important to taper the dose gradually to allow the HPA access to recover and resume normal cortisol production this gradual tapering helps prevent the sudden onset of adrenal insufficiency other options a c and d hyperglycemia and glycosuria GI bleeding and restlessness and seizures are common side effects of cortical steroid therapy however they are not directly linked to the abrupt cessation of predisone a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD is prescribed theophine for management of their condition the healthcare provider emphasizes the importance of monitoring the patient's serum theophine level to ensure therapeutic Effectiveness and avoid toxicity what is the therapeutic range for serum theophyline concentration 5 to10 MCG per milliliter b 2 to 5 MCG per milliliter C 10 to 20 mcg per Mill d 1 to 2 MCG per Mill here option C is correct the normal therapeutic level for theopen is 10 to 20 mcg per milliliter theophine operates through two primary mechanisms it blocks adenosine receptors leading to effects like Bronco dilation and at higher doses tachicardia cardiac arthus seizures and cerebral Vaso constriction additionally at larger doses it inhibits phosphodiester increasing C and adrenic activation causing elevated cacaman release theophine toxicity can significantly increase epinephrine and norepinephrine levels leading to cardiac arthus metabolic acidosis hypoglycemia and hypoc calmia chronic toxicity can occur from drug accumulation therefore monitoring serum theophine levels is crucial interesting fact did you know there's another drug with the same therapeutic serum range phenin used for managing epilepsy also has a therapeutic range of 10 to 20 mcg per milliliter in an emergency room with a case of acute pulmonary edema a male patient suddenly sits up experiencing Dipa and an oxygen saturation of 85% which oxygen delivery method would be best to El alleviate these symptoms a a simple mask B nasal canula C non rebreather mask d a face tent the correct answer is c a non rebreather mask to effectively address any question regarding oxygen Delivery Systems a thorough understanding of both high flow and lowf flow oxygen devices is indispensable we begin with lowf flow systems typically used when a patient respiratory rate and pattern remain stable it's important to note that in these systems the actual fraction of inspired oxygen F2 can fluctuate with each breath common low-flow systems Encompass the nasal canula simple face mask and both partial rebreather and non rebreather masks the nasal canula is a prevalent choice for mild hypoxia adjustable between 1 and 6 L per minute LPM correlating to an fio2 of approxim imately 24% to 40% notably with each liter increase in O2 F2 Rises by about 4% the simple face mask alternatively is optimal for delivering moderate oxygen levels offering F2 levels between 35 and 55% at 5 to 10 LPM the partial rebreather mask incorporating a reservoir bag captures exhaled oxygen from the anatomic Dead Space beneficial in oxygen conservation deliver ing an fio2 between 0.6 and 0.8 this mask requires over 8 L per minute of fresh gas flow to maintain bag inflation and ensure efficient CO2 evacuation the non-rebreather mask and advancement of the paral rebreather includes additional valves for unidirectional gas flow and prevents room air entainment this mask can deliver the highest fio2 of 0.9 to 1.0 at a fresh gas flow of 12 to 15 18 L per minute suitable for severe hypoxia however its prolonged use can be uncomfortable and requires careful monitoring to avoid CO2 buildup and Suffocation shifting to high flow oxygen systems these are crucial for patients with inconsistent respiratory rates and patterns The ventor Mask stands out here especially for COPD patients delivering precise F2 levels from 24% to 50% this category also includes the nebulizer high flow nasal canula and mechanical ventilation adaptable to a wide array of clinical conditions particularly in severe cases concluding with specialized systems we have devices like the tra collar designed for tracheostomy patients it provides either oxygen or humidified air with settings similar to The ventory Mask for precise oxygen delivery before we move on to the next question we have urgent news for you we we've meticulously crafted a 100h hour animated enlex review crash course in the initial 30 hours we comprehensively cover all the crucial enlex topics with engaging animations but that is just the beginning the remaining 70 hours are dedicated to dissecting 5,000 enlex questions through Dynamic animations along with animated lectures you will also get ngn questions an ebook practice test series and many more resources Imagine Learning with interactive visuals instead of being buried in a mound of tedious text say farewell to monotonous study sessions and welcome a revolutionary animated learning experience this 100 hour course is your passport to mastering the enlex exam with unwavering confidence remember animation significantly enhances information retention don't miss out on this limited time offer where we're offering an astounding 70% off for this month only click the link below enroll today and embark on a journey where animated education leads to exam Triumph your success story begins now with our 100 hour animated enlex course at an incredible 70% off enroll immediately and wave goodbye to dreary textbooks now let's swiftly move on to the next question in at 10:00 a.m. a male client is admitted to the emergency department with a respiratory rate of 40 breaths per minute he appears anxious and Exhibits aable wheezes upon admission he is immediately given oxygen via partial rebreather mask and receives an intravenous dose of methyl pricone at 10:30 a.m. the client's arterial blood oxygen saturation is measured at 84% and he continues to whee what should the nurse plan to administer next a salbutamol b Propranolol c mzm d morphine the correct answer is option A salbutamol let's understand the rationale behind it the client is experiencing hypoxemia due to Bronco constriction as indicated by the wheezing and a blow normal arterial oxygen saturation level of 84% the most immediate need for the client is Bronco dilation salbutamol is a beta 2 adrenic Agonist and is effective in inducing dilation of the bronchioles it can be administered through nebulizations or as a meter dose inhaler and may be used as often as every 30 to 60 minutes until the patient experiences symptomatic relief the next option to consider is propranolol which is not suitable for treating bronchial constriction or respiratory problems Propranolol is primarily used for managing hypertension and certain cardiovascular issues however if a patient is suffering from both asthma and hypertension Propranolol is not an advisable Choice the reason for this lies in understanding the different types of beta blockers this is because beta receptors which these medications Target are found in both the heart and lungs in asthma beta agonists which activate these receptors help relax the Airways for easier breathing beta blockers on the other hand block these receptors while this is beneficial for heart related issues it can be problematic for the lungs and Asthma patients blocking these receptors can lead to narrowed Airways potentially worsening asthma symptoms such as shortness of breath wheezing and exacerbation of asthma there are two main categories of beta blockers non-selective and selective beta blockers non- selective beta blockers like Propranolol affect both the heart and lung receptors and can worsen asthma symptoms therefore they are generally contradicted in asthma patients conversely selective beta blockers are typically safer for individuals with asthma as they mainly Target the heart with minimal impact on the lungs selective beta blockers such as metool esmolol atenolol nebivolol and bolol are often preferred for asthmatic patients who need a beta blocker their safety in asthma patients is due to their selective action on the heart reducing the risk of aggravating asthma symptoms morphine which depresses the respiratory Center and melum a sedative could potentially suppress respiratory function in this patient and are not indicated for treating bronal constriction understanding Bronco dilators is crucial for managing respiratory conditions and it's important to be familiar with the three main types beta 2 agonists antiallergenic and theophine beta 2 agonists are are divided into short acting and long acting forms the short acting beta 2 agonists like Albuterol and Le autol act quickly to relieve acute asthma symptoms becoming effective within 15 to 20 minutes and Lasting for about 4 to 6 hours they're often termed as rescue medications due to their rapid onset of action long acting beta 2 agonists such as cetol and for modol are utilized for the long-term control of asthma anticolic including e prium bromide and tiotropium bromide block the neurotransmitter acet chlorine and are effective in managing chronic asthma symptoms they are not designed for quick relief but offer sustained control of symptoms let's transition to the next an collect questions and answers in a COPD patient administered supplemental oxygen through a non-rebreather mask which parameter in the arterial blood gas analysis best reflects the efficacy of the o oxygenation therapy a pH B partial pressure of arterial oxygen pao2 C bicarbonate hc3 D partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide pac2 the correct answer is option b the pao2 value is the primary and most direct measure for assessing the success of oxygen therapy in this context TT the pao2 level helps in determining the adequacy of oxygen supplementation and in making necessary adjustments to the patient oxygen therapy this may include modifications to the oxygen delivery system for example changing from a non-rebreather mask to other devices like a nasal canula or a mechanical ventilator as well as adjustments to the flow rate and concentration of oxygen provided the other listed parameters while important in overall patient assessment primarily give insights into the patient's respiratory and metabolic status rather than directly indicating the effectiveness of oxygenation before an arterial blood sample is taken for ABG analysis the Allen test is crucial for ensuring the patency of the radial and oler arteries the patient first raises their arm and clenches their fists cutting off blood flow the clinician then udes both olar and Radial arteries upon opening the fist the hand appear ear pale due to blood flow cessation the clinician releases one artery to observe the hand's color return which should ideally happen within 5 to 7 Seconds indicating good arterial flow the test is repeated for the other artery a delay Beyond 7 to 10 seconds suggests potential arterial insufficiency highlighting the importance of the Allen test in determining a safe puncture site for ABG analysis here's the next and collect questions and answers how how can cyanosis be assessed in a person with Darkly pigmented skin a earlobes B mucous membranes C lips D nail beds the correct choice is B mucous membranes this is correct because the color of mucous membranes is less affected by skin pigmentation making them a more reliable indicator of cyanosis in individuals with dark skin moving to the next enlex question to facilitate optimal gas exchange in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD which nursing intervention is the most appropriate a administering a prescribed anotic medicine B encouraging the patient to consume a daily fluid intake of 1,500 milliliters C maintaining the patient in semi fowers position d employing a high flow Venturi mask for oxy oygen delivery as per prescription here option D is the correct choice because patients with COPD have elevated carbon dioxide levels which can inhibit the central respiratory drive administering unspecified stives May potentially depress the respiratory Center to enhance gas exchange the nurse should employ a ventor mask to provide a precisely controlled oxygen concentration encouraging a daily fluid intake of 1500 ml is unlikely to directly impact gas exchange or adequately liquefy secretions common in COPD placing the patient in a semi's position May assist in respiratory Comfort but oxygenation is better managed with controlled oxygen therapy moving forward let's explore another enlex question and answer what is the recommended duration for initially uding the opening in the tracheostomy tube of a female client who does not require continuous mechanical ventilation a 5 to 60 seconds B 5 to 20 minutes C 45 to 60 Minutes D 30 to 40 minutes correct answer is option b 5 to 20 minutes initially the nurse should olude the tracheostomy tube for a period ranging from 5 to 20 minutes subsequently extending this duration based on the patient's respiratory status clients not dependent on continuous mechanical ventilation are capable of independent breathing albeit for limited durations therefore occluding the tracheostomy tube for a brief period of only 15 to 60 seconds is insufficient to accurately assess the patient's tolerance to spontaneous breathing on the other hand extending the occlusion Beyond 20 minutes initially May Elevate the risk of acute respiratory distress this is because patients need a gradual adaptation phase to transition effectively to normal rest respiratory function a common question in exams focuses on the average duration for suctioning in a tracheostomy tube it's crucial to remember that suctioning should be brief typically lasting no longer than 10 to 15 seconds per pass this is important to minimize oxygen deprivation and potential trauma to the tracheal mucosa let's delve into the next round of ankx questions and answers a male patient presents with arterial blood gas values showing pH of 7.48 P2 at 25 mm HG O2 saturation at 97% hco3 at 26 meq per liter and pao2 at 95 mm HG consider the following interventions which one would be most medically appropriate a providing prescribed supplemental oxygen therapy B administering a prescribed decongest such as pseudo fedrin C instructing the patient to engage in rebreathing exercises using a paper bag D ensuring frequent hydration of the patient the correct answer is option C instructing the patient to engage in rebreathing exercises using a paper bag the ABG results reveal a pH of 7.48 which is above the normal range indicating alkalosis Additionally the P2 is at 25 mm HG lower than the normal range further suggesting a condition of respiratory alkalosis the rebreathing exercise is a direct method to increase P2 by retaining exhaled carbon dioxide thereby addressing the underlying cause of the alkalosis other options such as administering a decongestant like pseudo fedrin providing supplemental oxygen or ensuring frequen hydration do not directly address the lowered P CO2 level and are less suitable in in this specific clinical context a nurse is managing a male patient with a chest tube and it becomes disconnected from the drainage system what is the appropriate nursing action a immediately clamp the chest tube B apply an occlusive dressing and promptly inform the physician C secure the disconnected chest tube with tape D submerge the end of the chest tube in a container of sterile saline the right answer is option D placing the end of the chest tube in sterile saline this prevents air from entering the chest tube and avoids negative respiratory pressure complications clamping the chest tube is not recommended due to the risk of developing attenion numer thorax applying an occlusive dressing is indicated if the chest tube is removed from the patient not when it's merely disconnected from the drain system securing the tube with tape is a preventative measure against disconnection but is not the correct immediate action once the disconnection has occurred this question evaluates the student's ability to apply correct emergency procedures in the event of a chest tube system disconnection transitioning to the next important enlex question and answer which test can identify past or present exposure to tuberculosis but may show a positive result in patients vaccinated with BCG regardless of actual exposure a tuberculin skin test PPD B chest radiography C lung scan D broncoscopy the correct answer a tuberculin skin test the tuberculin skin test PPD is designed to detect both past and present exposure to tuberculosis it involves administering a purified protein derivative intradermally and then monitoring for a skin reaction it's important to note that individuals who have received the baacal KET gong BCG vaccine May test positive on this test regardless of actual TB exposure this is due to the vaccine's impact on the immune response potentially leading to false positive results this characteristic differentiates the PPD test from other diagnostic procedures like chest radiography lung scans and bronchoscopies in assessing for tuberculosis moving on to the next important andx question cancer a hospital nurse observes wheezing brachi cardia and a respiratory rate of 10 breaths per minute in a patient with Advanced lung cancer these signs indicate a hypoxia B hyperventilation C semic Consciousness D delirium the correct option is a hypoxia The observed symptoms like wheezing brachi cardia and a respiratory rate of 10 breaths per minute suggests a state of hypoxia which occurs when there is insufficient oxygen reaching the tissues in advanced lung cancer respiratory depression can lead to hypoxia manifesting in these specific signs the other options are not consistent with the described symptoms hyperventilation is marked by increased respiratory rate or tital volume semi-consciousness is characterized by impaired Consciousness with limited motor or verbal responses and delirium involves mental confusion advancing to the next important enlex question and answer a nurse is instructing a client with empyema on Pur lip breathing the client inquires about the purpose of this technique the nurse should explain that a it increases inspiratory muscle strength B it helps prevent early Airway Collapse c it prolongs the inspiratory phase of respiration D it decreases use of accessory breathing muscles the correct option is B it helps prevent early Airway collapse Pur lip breathing is designed to prevent early Airway collapse this technique assists the client in managing respiration during moments of excitement anxiety exercise and respiratory distress to build inspiratory muscle strength inspiratory resistive breathing may be more suitable while diaphragm breathing is recommended to decrease the use of accessory muscles and reduce the overall work of breathing Pur lip breathing specifically mimics a normal inspiratory expiratory or IE ratio of 1 to2 which can be beneficial for clients with ayma where the IE ratio may be as high as 1 to4 shifting our attention to the next important enlex question and answer the nurse administers ipratropium bromide as prescribed to a client with empyema which finding indicates that the drug is producing a therap apeutic effect a respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute B dilated and reactive pupils C heart rate of 110 beats per minute D urine output of 40 ml hour the correct option is a in a client with empyema ipratropium bromide is used as a Bronco dilator a respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute indicates that the drug has achieved its therapy itic effect because fewer respirations are needed for adequate oxygenation hopium bromide does not affect people reaction nor urine output while it may cause changes in heart rate an increased heart rate of 110 beats per minute is considered an adverse not therapeutic effect progressing to the next important enlex question and answer what is the most common complication of influenza A menitis B septicemia C pulmonary edema D pneumonia the right answer is option D pneumonia pneumonia whether primary influenza viral pneumonia or secondary to a bacterial infection is the most common complication of influenza stepping into the next important enlex question and answer a male client with myasthenia gravis develops respiratory acidosis due to reduced Alvar ventilation which combination of arterial blood gas ABG values confirms respiratory acidosis a pH 7.35 P2 40 mm per HG B pH 7.28 P2 55 mm per HG C ph7.4 pac2 35 mm HG D pH 5.0 P2 30 mm per HG the right answer is option b pH 7.28 P2 55 mm per HG in respiratory acidosis ABG analysis reveals an arterial pH below 7.35 and partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide P2 above 45 mm per HG therefore the combination of a pH value of 7.28 and a P2 value of 55 mm per HG confirms respiratory acidosis advancing to the next important enlex question and answer for a client with a chest tube connected to a closed Water Seal drainage system the Nurf should include which action in the plan of care a keeping the collection chamber at chest level B measuring and documenting the drainage in the collection chamber C stripping the chest tube every hour D maintaining continuous bubbling in the Water Seal chamber the right answer is option b the nurse should measure and document the amount of chest tube drainage regularly to detect abnormal drainage patterns such as may occur with a hemorrhage or a blockage continuous bubbling in the Water Seal chamber indicates a leak in the closed chest drainage system which must be corrected the nurse should keep the collection chamber below chest level to allow fluids to drain into it the nurse should not strip chest tubes because doing so may traumatize the tissue or dislodge the tube transitioning to the next important enlex questions and answers in caring for a male client who has recently undergone a tracheostomy the first priority is a helping him communicate B keeping his Airway patent C encouraging him to perform activities of daily living D preventing him from developing an infection the correct answer is option b because maintaining a patent Airway is the most basic and critical human need all other interventions are important to the client's well-being but not as important as having sufficient oxygen to breathe moving forward to the next important enlex questions and answers which condition serves as a predisposing factor for Respiratory alkalosis in a female client a narcotic overdose B type 1 diabetes meitus C extreme anxiety D myasthenia gravis the right answer is option C extreme anxiety can lead to respiratory alkalosis by inducing hyperventilation resulting in excessive loss of carbon dioxide CO2 additional conditions contributing to respiratory alkalosis include fever heart failure injury to the brain's respiratory Center over ventilation with a mechanical ventilator pulmonary embolism and early solicit intoxication it's essential to note that while type 1 diabetes malus may lead to diabetic keto acidosis the Deep rapid respiration characteristic of this disorder CA M's respirations do not cause excessive CO2 loss conversely myen gravis and narcotic overdose suppress the respiratory drive leading to CO2 retention and the potential development of resp resp spiratory acidosis not alkalosis entering the next important and Collex question and answer when should the nurse perform chest physiotherapy for a male adult client with cystic fibrosis admitted to an acute care facility with an acute respiratory infection a immediately before meal B when bronos spasms occur C at least 2 hours after a meal D when cretions have mobilized the right answer is option C chest physiotherapy is best conducted at least 2 hours after a meal to minimize the risk of vomiting and aspiration performing it just before a meal could exhaust the client and hinder their ability to eat notably percussion and vibration integral aspects of chest physiotherapy May exacerbate bronos spasms hence the procedure is not recommended for clients experiencing bronos spasms additionally if RS have mobilized particularly in cases where suction equipment is unavailable it is advised to refrain from postural drainage another component of chest physiotherapy before we move forward here's some exciting news our 100h hour animated enlex review course is now available at a whopping 70% discount for this month only in the first 30 hours we cover all essential enlex topics with engaging animations then d into 5,000 enlex questions all brought to life with Dynamic animation plus you'll get access to NG questions an ebook mock tests and more say goodbye to dull textbooks and hello to an Interactive Learning Experience enroll now and secure your success with our animated enex course click the link in the description box to get started transitioning to the next important enlex review question upon arrival at the emergency department a critically ill female patient experiences respiratory arrest and is subsequently placed on mechanical ventilation the attending physician orders pulse oxymetry for non-invasive monitoring of the patient's arterial oxygen saturation sao2 which deviation in Vital Signs has the potential to influence pulse oxymetry readings a elevated heart rate B low blood blood pressure C rapid breathing D elevated body temperature the right answer is option b low blood pressure hypothermia and vasel constriction can impact pulse oximetry values by reducing arterial blood flow similarly movement of the finger where the oximeter is applied May interfere with the accurate interpretation of sao2 these conditions limit the reliability of pulse oxymetry conversely an elevated body temperature rapid breathing and an elevated heart rate do not directly affect pulse oximetry values moving on to the next important enlex review question a nurse is caring for a patient being treated for aspiration pneumonia who is currently receiving oxygen through a ventory mask which of the following findings is a classical sign and symptom indicating that the patient may be developing acute respiratory distress syndrome a Rd S A the patient's blood pressure is 170 over 90 B the patient's respiratory rate is 10 breaths per minute C the patient appears tired and confused D the patient's pao2 remains at 50 mm HG using a ventory mask the correct answer is d a characteristic sign of ards is refractory hypoxemia where the patient remains hypoxic despite receiving a high concentration of oxygen such as with a ventory mask option D is the most relevant as it indicates that the patients arterial oxygen level remains at 50 mmhg normal is 80 to 100 mmhg with a goal of at least 60 mmhg when treating ards while fatigue and confusion can result from low oxygen levels the question specifically seeks the classical sign and symptom associated with ards which is refractory hypoxemia advancing to the next important enlex review question as a nurse during the exudative phase of acute respiratory distress syndrome ards we closely monitor the patient's condition specifically we focus on the alveolar type 2 cells responsible for producing surfactant now what happens if these crucial cells become damaged a formation of upper Airway blockage B onset of pulmonary edema C development of atelectasis D increased Bronco constriction the correct answer is C development of atelectasis let's delve into this surfactant produced by these alveolar type 2 cells plays a pivotal role in reducing surface tension in the lungs this reduction prevents the collapse of alveoli sack during exhalation so what occurs if there's damage to these cells this is essentially the collapse of lung tissue when surfactant production decreases due to damage to alveolar type 2 cells it leads to unstable alveoli sacks the consequence is atelectasis a condition where the lung tissue collapses shifting our attention to the next important inlex review question the most important nursing diagnosis for a male client admitted to a health care facility for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD is a anxiety due to health threat B fatigue related activity intolerance C impaired gas exchange from airf flow obstruction D infection risk due to retained secretions option C is the correct Choice here maintaining a patient Airway and ensuring an adequate breathing pattern or the utmost priorities for any client therefore the most critical nursing diagnosis is impaired gas exchange related to air flow obstruction while other options may be relevant they are of lesser importance in this context progressing to the next import to enlex review question which assessment parameter should the nurse prioritize before weaning a female client from a ventilator a electrocardiogram ECG results B fluid intake for the last 24 hours C Baseline arterial blood gas ABG levels D previous responses to weaning attempts the correct answer option C Baseline arterial blood gas levels the primary consideration before weaning a client from mechanical ventilation is to assess the Baseline arterial blood gas ABG levels this provides Cru crucial information about the client's respiratory status and helps gauge their tolerance to the weaning process monitoring ABG levels during weaning is essential for evaluating the client's ability to manage ventilation independently while other assessments such as fluid intake and previous responses to wiening attempts are relevant they are secondary in importance during the initial stages of weaning monitoring fluid balance is a routine aspect of care during mechanical ventilation and information on prior weaning attempts can valuable but it is not as directly linked to the immediate weeding process as ABG levels stepping in to the next important enlex review question following a broncoscopy a female client has returned to the nursing unit which nursing intervention would the nurse Implement for this client a administering glycopyrolate B administering small doses of maalum as an anti-anxiety drug C in encouraging additional fluids for the next 24 hours stand Coast in coaching D ensuring the return of the gag reflex before offering food or fluids the correct answer is option D ensuring the return of the gag reflex before offering food or fluids following a broncoscopy the nurse maintains the client on NPO Nothing by mouth status until the gag reflex returns this precaution is essential as pre-operative sedation and local anesthesia can impair swallowing and the protective lenial reflexes for an extended period no additional fluids are required postprocedure since no contrast tie is used that would necessitate flushing from the system it's important to note that medications such as glycopyrolate and medum are typically administered before the procedure not afterward advancing to the next important enlex review question what term refers to the quantity of air inhaled and exhaled during a single breath a total lung capacity B Dead Space volume C vital capacity D tidal volume the right answer is option D title volume title volume represents the amount of air inspired and expired in a single breath total lung capacity which includes the total volume of air accommodated in the lungs at the end of forced inspiration is the sum of vital capacity and residual volume representing the maximum amount of air the lungs can hold Dead Space volume accounts for the air that remains in the upper Airways and doesn't reach the alvioli vital capacity is the maximum Air volume that can be expelled after a complete inhalation and exhalation in certain path ological conditions Dead Space may also extend into the lower Airways transitioning to the next important enlex review question a nurse is attending to a patient with chest tube drainage when inadvertently the patient is turned to the side causing the chest tube to disconnect from the drainage system in this critical situation what should be the nurse's initial response a submerge the tube in a bottle of sterile water B promptly place the chest tube system c contact The Physician D apply a sterile dressing over the disconnection site the correct answer is option A submerge the tube in a bottle of sterile water in the event of a chest drainage system disconnection the immediate action is to immerse the exposed tube end in a bottle of sterile water placed below the chest level replacement of the chest tube system is warranted if there is observable damage such as breaking AG cracks or when the collection Chambers full merely applying a sterile dressing over the disconnection site is insufficient to prevent potential complications while notifying The Physician may be necessary it's not the primary and immediate action in this situation moving forward to the next important enlex review question after assisting a physician in inserting a chest tube a nurse observes a fluctuation of the fluid level in the Water Seal chamber of an adult client what would be an appropriate course of action based on this assessment a notify the physician B continue to monitor the client C reinforce the occlusive dressing D encourage the client to deep breathe the correct answer is option b the presence of fluctuation in the fluid level of the water seal chamber indicates a patent drainage system normal breathing causes the water level to rise with inspiration and fall with expiration ation fluctuation cessation May indicate tube obstruction the presence of a dependent Loop suction malfunction or lung reexpansion option b continuing to monitor the client is appropriate in this context options a c and d are considered incorrect entering the next important enlex review question what respiratory changes would a nurse Expect While assessing the respiratory status of a male client with a fractured rib a rapid deep respirations B pain particularly during inspiration C slow deep respirations D paradoxical respirations the correct answer is option b pain particularly during inspiration rib fractures often resulting from blunt trauma or Falls commonly present with localized pain and tenderness EXA exacerbated by both palpation and inspiration shallow respirations guarding of the chest limit movement and potential bruising at the fracture site are typical observations paradoxical respirations characterized by uneven chest movement are associated with a flail chest a female patient has been admitted after sustaining chest trauma in a motor vehicle accident necessitating subsequent intubation during routine ventilation monitoring a nurse responds to the activation of the high press alarm and observes the absence of breath sounds in the right upper lobe of the lung the nurse promptly conducts an assessment for additional signs related to a displaced endot trial tube B acute respiratory distress syndrome C right numo thorax D pulmonary embolism the right answer is option C right pneumothorax pumo thorax manifests with restlessness tachicardia dnea pain during respiration asymmetrical chest expansion and diminished or absent breath sounds on the affected side increased airway pressure may result from resistance to lung inflation in pneumothorax absent breath sounds are not typically associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome or pulmonary embolism although a displaced endot tral tube can cause absent breath sounds it's more likely on the left side due to the curvature of the right and left main stem bronchi let's delve into the next inlex questions and answers a patient has been hospitalized in the ICU due to severe pneumonia the patient's respiratory function has been deteriorating over the last 24 hours The Physician suspects acute respiratory distress syndrome ards a stat chest x-ray is ordered what finding on the chest x-ray is indicative of ards a heart enlargement a accompanied by bilateral lower lobe infiltrates B chest x-ray appearing normal C bilateral white out infiltrates D infiltrates solely present in the upper lobes the correct answer is C bilateral white out infiltrates in ards a key radiographic feature is the presence of bilateral whiteout infiltrates on the chest x-ray indicating severe lung involvement and loss of ation this finding aligns with the pathophysiology of ards which can be triggered by severe pneumonia leading to inflammation and fluid accumulation in the lungs let's dive into the next and collect questions and answers a patient undergoing mechanical ventilation with positive and expiratory pressure PE May develop complications that require immediate attention which of the following findings indicates a potential complication related to this therapy and warrants prompt intervention a blood pressure 70 over 45 B pao2 80 mmhg C hc3 26 mmhg D pac2 38 mmhg the correct answer is a mechanical ventilation with PE can lead to increased intra thoratic pressure potentially compromising cardiac output and resulting in hypotension monitoring blood pressure is crucial to identify and address any hemodynamic instability promptly other parameters such as hco3 pao2 and pac2 are important indicators but may not directly signal the immediate cardiovascular complications associated with mechanical ventilation and PE here is the next and collects questions and answers a patient is presenting with respiratory failure attributed to to pulmonary edema and the physician is considering the possibility of ards to rule out a cardiac cause a pulmonary artery wedge pressure p awp measurement is obtained as a nurse you recognize that a specific reading indicates that this type of respiratory failure is not cardiac related what is that measurement reading a greater than 28 mmhg B less than 40 mmhg C greater than 52 mmhg D less than 18 mmhg the correct answer is d a pulmonary artery wedge pressure measures the left atrial pressure the pulmonary catheter is wedged with a balloon in the pulmonary arterial Branch to gauge the pressure if the reading is less than 18 mmhg it suggests that the respiratory failure is not primarily a cardiac issue but is more likely so associated with ards therefore the pulmonary edema is a result of damage to the alval or capillary membrane leading to fluid leakage into the alveol OR Sac rather than a manifestation of heart problems such as heart failure the next enlex review question is a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD is admitted to the hospital with increased shortness of breath and respiratory distress what should the nurse identify as a potential life-threatening complication in this client a respiratory acidosis B respiratory alkalosis C hypertension D hyperventilation the answer a respiratory acidosis in individuals with COPD the ability to eliminate carbon dioxide is compromised due to Airway obstruction and reduced lung function this impairment leads leads to the retention of carbon dioxide causing respiratory acidosis elevated carbon dioxide levels result in increased blood acidity posing a risk of life-threatening complications such as respiratory failure and respiratory arrest it is crucial for healthc care providers to promptly address respiratory acidosis in COPD patients to prevent severe outcomes let's explore the next enlex question a client diagnosed with asthma has been prescribed a short acting B a Agonist SAA inhaler such as albuterol which of the following actions by the client demonstrates the correct utilization of the inhaler a reserving the use of the inhaler exclusively for asthma attacks B inhaling rapidly and deeply through the mouthpiece C holding the breath for 5 seconds after inhalation D exhaling forcefully into the inhaler prior to usage correct answer is C holding the breath for 5 seconds after inhalation holding the breath for at least 5 seconds after inhaling the medication promotes optimal absorption of the drug such as albuterol into the lungs inhaling too quickly and deeply may result in swallowing the medication diminishing its Effectiveness exhaling into the inhaler or restricting its use to asthma attacks are incorrect practices moving to the next enlex questions and answers a client diag noed with pneumonia is currently experiencing a decline in oxygen saturation levels What nursing intervention should be given the highest priority a applying oxygen via face mask B providing chest physiotherapy C administering an oral anti partic medication D elevating the head of the bed the correct answer a applying oxygen via face mask the primary focus in a client with reduced oxygen saturation levels is to enhance oxygenation the top priority nursing intervention is to apply oxygen through a face mask or another appropriate oxygen delivery system to raise oxygen levels and prevent hypoxemia while administering an oral anti partic medication elevating the head of the bed and providing chest physiotherapy are important interventions they are not as critical as promptly addressing the issue of inadequate oxygenation here is another enlex review question what precautionary measures should the nurse employ when attending to a client diagnosed with tuberculosis a droplet precautions B airborne precautions C protective isolation precautions D contact precautions correct answer B airborne precautions tuberculosis TB B is primarily transmitted through the air via infectious Airborne particles to safeguard against the sprit of TB the nurse should Implement airborn precautions this involves placing the client in a negative pressure room utilizing respiratory protection such as an n95 respirator or a higher grade mask and practicing thorough hand hygiene it is important to note that contact precautions are applied for diseases transmitted through direct contact droplet precautions for those spread by large respiratory droplets and protective isolation precautions for clients with compromised immune systems however in the case of TB airborne precautions are the most appropriate preventive measures a nurse is administering amop theophine to a client with empyema what is the primary action of this medication a suppress the cough B enhance expectoration C prevent infection D relax smooth muscles of the Broncho Airway correct answer D relax smooth muscles of the bronchial Airway amop belongs to a class of medications called bronchodilators these drugs work by influencing enzymes known as phosphodiester specifically inhibiting type 3 and typee four isoenzymes this inhibition leads to increased levels of cyclic adenosine monop phosphate cm and cyclic 3 and five guanosine monophosphate within the tissues the resultant effect is the relaxation of smooth muscles in the bronchial Airway understanding the terminology of associated with respiratory medications is essential antitussives are drugs designed to suppress the cough reflex they act on the cough control center in the medulla to mitigate persistent coughing preventing muscle strain and reducing irritation in the respiratory tract expectorants on the other hand such as guenin work by thinning and loosening mucus in the Airways these drugs Aid in clearing congestion and making breathing Easier by facilitating the removal of excess mucus from the respiratory system in the context of empyema a condition characterized by Airway obstruction and reduced elasticity by the lung tissue Broncho dilators like aminophenol by relaxing the smooth muscles in the bronchial Airway these medications help alleviate symptoms and improve air flow contributing to enhance respiratory function in individuals with empyema next and collects questions and answers a client needs a radial arterial blood gas ABG drawn and the nurse must perform an allen test before collecting the sample which action should the nurse take during the test a olude the brachial and Radial arteries then release them and observe the hand circulation B compress the radial and oler arteries release one assess the hand color and repeat the process with the other artery C apply pressure to the radial artery and monitor for color changes in the affected hand D apply pressure to the owner artery and observe for color changes in the affected hand the correct answer is B compress the radial and olar arteries release one assess the hand color and repeat the process with the other artery before obtaining an ABG the nurse performs an Allen test to assess collateral circulation in the hand this involves compressing both the radial and oler arteries while the client clenches and releases their fist causing the hand to become pale the nurse then releases pressure on one artery at a time observing for quick restoration of circulation if collateral circulation is adequate the blood sample can be safely drawn during a client assessment a nurse observes a barrel chest in an individual with chronic air flow limitation from this finding the nurse includes that the client is likely experiencing which type of chronic air flow limitation a chronic obstructive bronchitis B bronchial asthma c empyema d bronchial asthma and bronchitis correct answer C empyema in the case of empyema there is Alvar hyper inflation and a flattened diaphragm leading to an increased anterior posterior diameter commonly described as a barrel chest additionally individuals with empyema exhibit dnia with prolonged expiration and hyperresonance upon percussion let's begin another enlex question and answers what diet is most suitable for a client with COPD a high calorie high protein diet B Bland soft diet C low sodium diet d low fat low cholesterol the correct answer is a high calorie high protein diet clients with COPD benefit from consuming high calorie high protein meals to preserve nutritional status and counteract weight loss associated with increased respiratory effort encourage small frequent meals and a daily intake of 20 to 30 gram of fiber from sources like bread pasta nuts seeds fruits and vegetables incorporate a good protein Source at least twice daily to support respiratory muscle strength such as milk eggs cheese meat fish poultry nuts and dried beans or peas a 30-year-old male patient with a history of asthma is admitted to the emergency department the nurse notes that the client is dnic with a respiratory rate of 33 breaths per minute nasal flaring and use of accessory muscles osculation on the lung Fields reveals greatly diminished breath sounds based on these findings what actions should the nurse take to initiate care of the client a administer Abol a short acting Bronco dilator B draw blood for an ABG analysis and send the client for a chest x-ray C encourage the client to relax and breathe slowly through the mouth D initiate oxygen therapy and reassess the client in 10 minutes correct answer is a administer albuterol in an acute asthma attack diminished or absent breath sounds can indicate a lack of air movement in the lungs suggesting impending respiratory failure the priority in care for this client is immediate intervention with inhaled Bronco dilators albuterol a short acting Bronco dilator is commonly used in such situations all other measures including obtaining an ABG chest x-ray encouraging relaxation and initiating oxygen therapy are important but can cause a delay in Bronco dilation which is crucial for optimal outcomes during an acute asthma exacerbation let's begin on another enlex question and answer in the management of acute asthma a patient has prescribed a short-term course of cortical steroid therapy specifically oral prazone what is the scientific basis for utilizing steroids such as prazone in patients with asthma a corticosteroids facilitate Bronco dilation B corticosteroids serve as mucolytic agents C corticosteroids exert an anti-inflammatory effect D corticosteroids prevent the onset of respiratory infections the correct answer is C cortico steroids exert an anti-inflammatory effect oral cortical steroids are employed in asthma management due to their anti-inflammatory properties these agents mitigate bronchial edema and reduce mucous secretion primarily through the suppression of inflammatory processes within the Airways at the physiological level prednizone diminishes Airway inflammation curtails mucus production and enhances the efficacy of beta agonists in smooth muscle a nurse is administering metaproterenol through a meter dose inhaler to a patient following prescription of two Puffs every 4 hours the nurse emphasizes the importance of promptly reporting any potential side effects what adverse reactions related to metaproterenol should the nurse instruct the patient to watch for a peripheral edema b arthus c brachi cardia d B constipation the correct answer is B arthus the nurse should educate the patient on the significance of reporting irregular heart rhythms tachicardia or anginal symptoms promptly to the healthcare provider when using metaproterenol this medication exerts an adrenic influence on beta adrenic receptors in the heart potentially leading to rhythmus it is crucial information particularly for patients with known cardiac disorders what is one of the most common precipitation ating factors for an acute asthma attack that the nurse should emphasize in teaching for a client with asthma a occupational exposure to toxins B exercising in cold temperatures C exposure to cigarette smoke D viral respiratory infections correct answer is D viral respiratory infections the most frequent precipitator of asthma attacks is viral respiratory infections clients with asthma should take precautions to avid avoid individuals with flu or cold symptoms and should receive annual flu vaccinations asthma is characterized by acute reversible Airway inflammation triggered by exposure to environmental factors this process starts with inhaling irritants or allergens leading to bronchial hyper sensitivity Airway inflammation and increased mucous production this culminates in a significant rise in Airway resistance particularly during expiration what do Bassel crackles indicate when heard during lung oscal in a client a produced by air flow across passages narrowed by secretions B usually more prominent during expiration C found primarily in plora D caused by the sudden opening of alveoli the correct answer is D caused by the sudden opening of Alvi Basel crackles are typically heard during inspiration and are caused by the sudden opening of aloi these discreet non-continuous sounds originate from the base of the lungs and may be described as sounding wet or dry the presence of basilic crackle suggests excess fluid in the Airways leading to the bubbling or crackling sound here is another inlex review question following a thoris Enis which clinical manifestations suggest a complication requiring immediate notification of the physician a low blood pressure and hypothermia B tachicardia and po C hypothermia and hypertension D serosanguinous drainage from the puncture site correct answer B tachicardia and Po tachicardia and po are indicative of shock suggesting a compromised Venus return possibly due to excessive fluid removal or a mediastinal shift following thoros enesis it is essential to promptly notify the physician in the presence of these symptoms if a patient on a ventilator continues to hypo ventilate due to respiratory muscle weakness the nurse will continually assess for a complication of a metabolic acidosis B respiratory alkalosis C respiratory acidosis D metabolic alkalosis correct answer is C respiratory acidosis in a ventilated patient hypoventilation may result from from conditions such as respiratory muscle weakness this weakness can be caused by neuromuscular disorders drug induced sedation or in adequate ventilator settings respiratory acidosis marked by elevated carbon dioxide levels and an increase in hydrogen ion concentration leading to decreased pH in arterial blood is a potential complication the Nerf should closely monitor ventilator settings assess for signs of respiratory muscle fatigue and ensure adequate sedation management to prevent or promptly address respiratory acid dois in ventilated patients with conditions contributing to hypoventilation while working in the ICU a nurse caring for an intubated patient placed on a ventilator notices that the low tidal volume alarm is continuously sounding what should be the nurse's initial action a inflate the endot trical tube cuff B check ventilator connections C notify the physician D initiate manual ventilation using a bag valve mask the correct answer is B verify ventilator Connections in the ICU setting when the low tile volume alarm persists the nurses initial action should be to check ventilator connections loose or disconnected ventilator connections can compromise the delivery of title volume if a problem is identified it should be promptly addressed if no immediate issue is found the nurse may consider initiating manual ventilation using a bag valve mask while involving another healthcare provider to re-evaluate and confirm the Integrity of the ventilator connections