So, good day everyone! This is a recorded video of our lesson all about properties of matter. Alright? So, again, this is Ma'am Christelle Mendoza.
So, we will have a recorded discussion of our topic for today. Again, which is all about, sorry about that, the properties of matter. Okay, but before we go to the properties of matter, let's have a short review of the past test one, which was all about the states of matter. So we discussed about matter. So matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.
And we've discussed the six states of matter. We have the solid, liquid, and gas states of matter, which we discussed the properties. In terms of arrangement, spacing, and movement.
And of course, we also discussed about plasma and both Einstein condensate or BEC or firm ion condensate. And firm ion condensate. Okay, so these are just a review.
When you say plasma, plasma is an ionized gas. And it occurs when you superheated a gas phase. This does... makes the atom split into two.
So, forming ions. The negatively charged anion and the positively charged cation. And in plasma, the electrons are forcefully removed from the nucleus or proton. Now, for the Bose-Einstein condensate, so it's a cool, super cool, solid.
At a very low temperature of 0 Kelvin or negative 273.15 degrees Celsius. Alright. Now, for fermione condensate, it's a superfluid. Also formed at a very, very low temperature. Okay?
So, now, let's go to the properties of matter. When you say properties of matter, we're talking about the characteristics and behavior. of matter.
So, pag-uusapan natin, ano ba yung mga characteristics and properties of matter. So, we have a lot to discuss in this session. So, the first one, we have the intensive and extensive properties.
Alright? So, in the chemistry, you will encounter a lot of Concepts and terms. Okay? Now, for the first one, we have extensive property.
Okay? When you say extensive, that is depend, dependent on the amount of matter present. Okay?
Pag extensive property, okay, that property is dependent on the amount of matter present. Kung gano'ng kadami. Okay? For example, is mass, okay, and volume, alright?
So, mass is an extensive property and volume kasi depende kung gaano kadami yung amount, okay? Nung matter that is present, okay? So, one example of this, so, for mass, let's say, i-compare natin.
Let's say may 10 kilograms kang bigas. Okay. May 10 kilograms kang bigas. Therefore, and versus 5 kilograms na bigas. So, obviously, mas madaming grains ng bigas yung 10 kilos.
Alright. Kasi nga, depende sa amount, sa dami ng grains. Okay. Sa amount ng matter present.
Okay. Ganon din sa volume. Okay. Sa volume, So, let's say for liquids, okay? So, ginagamit class ang volume for, pwede rin sa solid, okay?
Pwede rin sa liquid, pwede rin sa gas, okay? But for mass, usually it's for solid and liquids only. Hindi naman natin ginagamit yung mass sa gas, okay? So, ayan. Ayan, a unit.
Alright. So, for volume, so going back to the example, let's say meron kang 1 liter of water, versus 1 gallon of water. Of course, mas madaming molecules ng water yung nasa 10 gallons compared dun sa 1 liter lang.
Diba? So, that is an extensive property. It depends on the amount.
of the matter present. Now, another one, another property is the extensive property. So, makikita nyo itong niliscuss natin, laging by pair. Okay?
Ayan, sige. So, intensive properties naman, this is the exact opposite of the definition of extensive property. Pag intensive, it does not depend on the amount of matter present.
Hindi nagmamatter. Kahit kuonte or madami yung matter or amount of matter present in an object. Okay?
So, for example, is color. Another is density. Another is odor. Standard reduction potential. This is electrochemistry and specific gravity.
Alright. Sige, I'll give an example. So, let's say I have here a piece of yellow paper.
Ayan. So, this is color yellow. Hindi lang masyadong kita, no? But, when you say intensive property, okay?
So, kahit gupit-gupitin ko to into smaller, um, smaller pieces, kahit pilasin ko yan, okay, pilasin ko, okay, into small, hindi nagbabago yung color niya, hindi siya nagdedepende, alright? Doon sa amount. Okay, yung color, maliit o malaki, same pa rin yung color.
Okay? So, yellow pa rin to. Kahit anong mangyari, kahit Kahit ishred ko pa siya in micron, siguro, kahit ishred ko pa in 2mm, kahit sobrang liliit, yellow pa rin sila, hindi nagbago yung color. So, it does not depend on the amount of substance.
One is color. Another one, ano pa yung isa? We have density.
Okay, density. So, when you say density, that is gram per ml. Yes, so, that is very, sorry, that is also an intensive property.
Hindi siya depende kung gaano kadami yung object. Okay, so, let's say meron kang isang glass ng water. Okay, the density of water is 1 gram per ml. Okay, or 1,000 kilogram per liter. Ngayon, yung density noong isang basong tubig, Kapareho din siya ng density ng let's say isang swimming pool na pure water na tubig.
Okay, so ang water, constant ang kanyang density regardless of the amount. Kahit isang patak pa yung water. Okay, constant yung density ng water regardless of its amount. That is an intensive property. Another is odor.
Ayan, so. Kung mapapansin nyo sa mga perfume, perfume or mga cologne nyo, so kahit yung malaki na ml, compared sa one drop, same pa rin ang amoy nun. Alright? Hindi nagbabago because odor is an intensive property also for standard reduction potential. Ayan.
So lahat ng elements consistent yan ng kanilang standard reduction potential, lalo na yung mga ginagamit sa potentiometric analysis. Ayan. So, yung mga sink, ayan, yung mga sample metal, sink, copper, yung mga usually ginagamit, yan, specific yun.
Kahit, bawa, 5 meters na sink metal versus 1 inch sink metal, pareho lang sila ng standard reduction potential. Okay? Ganon din sa specific gravity. Okay? Pareho lang din yun.
So, kahit... Kahit maliit or malaki na object, alright, constant or consistent yung specific gravity niya. Okay? Sige. So, again, when you say extensive property, it depends on the amount of matter present.
For intensive property, it does not depend on the amount of matter present. Okay? So, wag malilito dyan. Alright, another! What are the physical properties of matter?
Now, when you say physical properties, this is a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. Okay? So, this is another. Parang another branch siya, ha?
Class. So, ito naman, physical property and another is chemical property. Okay?
So, when you say physical property, walang nangyayaring chemical reaction. You just... you just manipulate the sabi nga yung physical property, ano? Without changing the identity.
So, hindi nagbabago yung identity nung sample mo o nung object. Okay? So, ano pa?
Ano yung mga physical property? Examples are all of the senses can be used to observe physical properties. So, ano yung mga senses natin?
Yung sight to see color. Okay? And shape. and size, etc.
Alright? So, kasama rin class sa physical property yung phase changes. Okay?
A classic example of that is the phase change for water. Okay? Hindi nagbabago.
On a molecular level, yung structure ng water, in solid, in liquid, and gas. Okay? Consistent pa rin si H2O kahit anong phases.
Alright? So, ang nagbabago lang ay yung kanyang physical property. Okay? So, nagbabago ng shape.
Okay? Nagbabago din ng size. Diba? So, that is an example of a physical property. Okay.
So, what are physical properties of matter? We have mass, volume, and amount of energy are physical properties. So, lahat yan ay example ng physical properties.
Bakit? Pag kinuha mo yung mass,... Wala namang chemical reaction doon, diba?
Wala namang nangyayaring chemical reaction. You're just measuring the amount of matter present in a substance or object. Ganon yun, yung pagkuhan ng mass. Sa volume, ganon din. Minimeasure mo lang, gaano ba kadami yung liquid?
Gaano ba kadami yung air? Okay, so volume yun. Amount of energy in kilojoules.
Okay, so pag-determine ng mga calories, amount of energy. Those are all physical properties. Wala pang nangyayaring chemical reaction.
Okay? Changing the mass or volume of a substance does not change the substance identity. Diba?
Pag yung isang basong tubig, ininom nyo yung kalahate. O. Diba? Hindi naman nagbago yung substance, yung identity ng water.
Water pa rin siya. Okay? Kahit mabawasan siya ng amount.
Okay? So, that is a physical property. Alright.
So, as I mentioned kanina, Okay? So, the state of matter is a physical property. Okay?
So, yung pag-change into several phases, ayan, when you add heat, so, nakita niya yan, nung tayo nag-simulation, when you add and remove heat, it actually changes the state or phase of matter. Okay? Sige. Let's move on.
So, these are, ito na, the physical properties of matter. I hope you will take note of this. So, we have here electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and density.
So, these are all physical properties. So, ano ba yung electrical conductivity? It is a measure of how well electric currents move through a substance. So, lahat ng mga metals and non-metals, ano?
Meron. kanya-kanyang electrical conductivity which is specific to them. Okay?
So, let's say ang copper, meron niyang electrical conductivity. Ang taas nga ng conductivity niyang copper, kaya ginagamit yan sa mga wires, right? So, yan, yung silver, may mga electrical conductivity yan. Okay?
Kahit nga yung graphite, kaya rin niyang mag-conduct ng electricity. Okay? So, it's a measure of how well, kung mabilis bang maging conductor. ng electricity. So, that is a physical property.
Another is thermal conductivity. So, pareho sila ng concept, magkaiba lang yung kanilang kumbaga, yung isa electrical, isa naman thermal. When you say thermal, it's heat. So, it's a form of energy.
So, thermal conductivity is the rate at which a substance transfer heat. So, ayun naman, mga metals na naman, ang bilis niyang mag-transfer. ng heat.
Kasi nga, metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. Right? Next, we have density. Again, density is the mass per unit volume. It's the amount of mass in a given amount of volume.
So, ayun na nga siya. That is in gram per ml or kilogram per liter. Okay?
Sige. Physical property lang yan. What else?
We have solubility. Ayan, so, mag-uusapan natin yan, I think, sa second sem. All about solubility. So, solubility is the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance.
Ayan, so, maraming factors dyan sa solubility, okay? Another one is malleability. So, it's also a physical property of matter.
So, malleability is the ability of a substance to be rolled. or pounded into various shapes. So, from the word, malay, diba?
Yung parang, pang ano siya, pang pound ng mga metal to flatten. Alright? So, malleability is the ability of the substance to be pounded or to be converted into very thin sheets. Okay? Yung mga parang, ang ninitwist, like yung mga aluminum foil, yung mga gold foil, ayan.
So, they are malleable. Okay? Okay. Next is magnetic attraction.
Wow. Okay. Attraction.
So, hindi lang sa tao may attraction class. Okay? Pati sa mga objects.
Okay? Because this is the unnatural phenomenon. Okay?
So, magnetic attraction is also a physical property that can be observed when a metal attracts another metal. Ayan. So, ang example natin dito ay yung magnetite.
Ayan. So, dun galing yung mga magnet. Okay?
So, it's a form of metal. Ayan. And then, ma-attract siya. Okay? Kasi nga, ang mga metals natin, naturally, ay positively charged.
Okay? Yung mga metals, positively charged yan. And then, of course, ma-attract siya dun sa negatively charged part ng magnetite. Okay? So, magnetic attraction is a physical property.
So, medyo madami to. I think there are nine. Okay? So, what do we have here? Melting point.
Ayan. Melting point of a substance is the temperature at which it changes from solid to liquid. Ayan. So, you have to use a melting point determinator, that is an instrument, to get the melting point of a crystal or a solid. Ano?
So, tatapatan nyo ng ilaw. Lalagay mo yung crystal doon sa gitna. Umiinit yun.
Tapos, meron kang ano? parang magnifying glass, sisilitin mo, okay, bawal kang kumurap doon, kailangan makita mo, makita mo yung, ano, yung crystal na nagme-melt, and then may nakakabit doon sa heater na thermometer, alright, or doon sa plate, titignan mo anong temperature nag-start mag-melt yung crystal, okay, that is the melting point, kung kailan siya unang-unang nag-form ng liquid, ayan, so that is the melting point. Of a substance.
So, usually sa mga crystals to, or solids. Okay. Next is, the shine or luster of a metal. Ayan. So, yung luster or shine, it's a characteristic.
It's a physical characteristic of metals. Diba? That can easily observe how it reflects light. Ayan. So, lahat ng to class, physical properties lang.
Kasi, when you subject those samples or objects into, by getting its melting point or yung pagkita ng shine nila, diba, when you test for the, kung yung, kung luster ba yung isang object or metal, hindi naman nababago yung identity ng ating sample or element. Okay? So, same pa rin siya. Same as, and the last one, we have here the boiling point.
Okay? Kung yung melting point, that is the temperature at which the solid changes from, ay, okay, the sample changes from solid to liquid, si boiling point naman is for liquid. Okay, it's the temperature at which the liquid boils. Ayan. Okay, so for water, for water, the boiling point is 100 degrees Celsius at 1 atmosphere.
So kasi kailangan considered yung atmospheric pressure. Okay? Sige. So, to summarize, these are all the physical properties. Again, does not change the identity.
So, napakarami niyan. We have state of matter, electrical conductivity, density, thermal conductivity, solubility, malleability, luster, melting point, boiling point, magnetic attraction, mass, and volume. All of those properties are physical properties. Does not change the identity of the substance or the element. Okay?
Sige, so medyo madami sa physical property. Now, let's go to chemical property. Okay? So, another branch, ayan.
So, kanina, intensive versus extensive. Ngayon naman, physical versus chemical. Now, let's discuss about chemical properties of matter.
So, a chemical property describes the ability of a substance to change. Ayun, meron ng change. into a new substance with different properties. So, in a chemical reaction, you are actually creating a new species of products. Ano?
So, original na siya. Hindi na siya kapareho ng properties ng mga reactants niya. So, kapag nagkaroon ng chemical reaction, you form a new substance with different properties. And that is a chemical property. Okay?
The ability Of a substance to change into a new substance with different properties. So kapag nakakreate ng bagong element, or sorry, nakakreate ng bagong compounds or substances, that is chemical reaction. And for example, is the ability to rust or tarnish is a chemical property. When a metal rusts or tarnishes, It changes to a different substance.
Ayan. So, for example, ito, I think this is copper. So, kapag copper, makakakita kayo ng mga greenish by-product.
Okay? Or bluish. Yun yung copper sulfate. Ano?
So, ayan siya. So, hindi mo na pati siya kayang ibalik doon sa original form. Okay?
So, kagayang mga iron, mga baka, lano. kapag ang bakal kinalawang na, hindi mo na kayang i-convert yung oxidized iron, okay, into its original metal, diba? So, ganun siya, class, in a chemical reaction.
So, these are some of the chemical properties of matter, okay? Ability to rust, okay? Ano pa? So, medyo kaunti lang to, kung chemical properties of matter, So, again, chemical properties can be identified by the changes they produce.
Alright. For example, is flammability. Ayan.
So, nakikita nyo yan sa mga aerosols o dun sa mga products na display. Diba kasi very flammable yung mga yan or mga gas products. So, flammability is the ability of a substance to burn. So, pag mataas yung flammability, sabihin, mabilis siyang mag, mag, mag, mag, ang tawag ito? mag-explode or mag-cause ng fire.
Okay? So, flammability is the ability of a substance to burn. Bakit siya chemical property?
Because, when you burn something, you produce ash. Diba? Pag nasunog yung isang bagay, nagiging ash na siya.
So, ash is very different from its original object. Ano, kung ano man siya. Say, for example, nagsunog kayo ng papel.
So, yung... Papel is color white. Halimbawa, band taper.
Okay? And then, binurn nyo yung papel, so, nagiging, ang result nya ay black ash. Okay?
Or grey ash. Alright? So, iba na. So, therefore, flammability is a chemical property because you produce a different substance. Okay?
So, kasama dyan yung combustion. Okay? For example, yung mga gasolina, mga diesel, diba? Nakita nyo mga...
Mga liquid may mga kulay nga yun eh. Diba? Para ma-identify. Kasi colorless talaga yung mga gas.
Pero may makita kayo green, red, ano. Para to identify yung mga different types of gasolines. So, yun.
So, clear siya, diba? Clear. Or may color nga.
Pero pag nag-undergo siya ng combustion, makita niyo sa tambucho, diba? Kulay black na siya. Ayan.
So, may mga ano na doon. May mga lead, marami ng mga. bad and harmful byproducts. Ano yung mga usok?
Kaya dapat ini-inhale yung mga usok na yan. Kasi may mga toxic byproducts yan. Okay. So, that is flammability. So, you produce another byproduct.
Okay? When you subject an object to flame. Alright? Another is reactivity. Ayan.
So, reactivity is the ability of a substance to interact With one another substance and form one or more new substance. Okay, so sabi nga ang chemistry kasi all about reaction. Kapag hindi nagkaroon ng reaction, wala silang chemistry, diba?
Yan ang sabi natin. So, reactivity is the ability of the substance. So, kung mataas yung reactivity ng isang substance, okay, for example, yung lahat ng nasa group 1 sa periodic table, except for hydrogen like sodium, potassium, ayan, very react. yung mga yan, class. Okay, like sodium, ang sodium, class, hindi pwede siyang, hindi soju, ha.
Matatawa ako, soju. Iba yung soju. Yung sodium, yung sodium, ayan, very reactive siya, highly reactive siya. Bawal siyang mabasa ng tubig, kasi mag-e-explode siya. Okay?
Kaya, ang sodium, sodium, nakakita kasi ako ng sodium, parang siyang white lang siya, na medyo malambot. Actually, naka-ano siya, nakababad siya sa oil. Okay?
Bawal siya sa tubig kasi very reactive yung mga metals sa family, sa alkaline family. Okay? So, that is reactivity.
Alright? I think that's all. Okay? Ayan.
So, this are some of the chemical properties. When you say, again, when you say chemical properties, that's the ability to change. The identity of a substance and form a new substance. And these are the ability to rust, the ability to tarnish, plumbability, and reactivity. Okay?
So, mas madami yung physical properties. Alright? So, let us... Kung baga, let us differentiate physical property with chemical property. Okay, pag physical property, you can observe without changing the identity of a substance.
Okay? So, walang nagbabago. Ganun pa rin siya.
Okay? For chemical properties, can be observed only by changing the identity of a substance. So, nagkaroon na chemical change and reaction.
Okay? That is the main difference between the two. Alright?
Sige. Now, I have here an activity. It's not a quiz, but as it were, so, identify the following as physical or chemical property.
So, this is very easy. Alright? So, number one, solubility.
Number 2 is reactivity. Number 3 is density. Number 4 is ability to tarnish. Number 5, thermal conductivity. And number 6 is boiling point.
Alright, so let's try to answer this. So for the first one, let's identify the following as physical or chemical properties. So the number 1, solubility. So...
May nagbabago ba when you get the solubility of a substance? So, wala. Okay? Tinitignan mo lang kung mabilis ba siyang madissolve or hindi. Or kung soluble ba siya or hindi.
So, therefore, this is a physical property. Okay? So, next. Reactivity.
Okay? So, reactivity, we've discussed, that is a chemical property. Okay? Kaya nga meron tayong keyword na react. So, nagkaroon ng reaction.
Okay? Kasi tinest mo yung reactivity ng isang substance, therefore, nagkaroon ng reaction. Okay?
Naka-form ng new compounds or substances. Okay? So, reactivity is a chemical property. Next, density. So, density is a physical property.
Diba? Okay. And also, an intensive property as well.
Ayan, intensive din yan. Okay? Next, ability to tarnish.
Okay, so nagkaroon ng reaction dito, nag-tarnish, nag-iba yung kanyang characteristics and property. Okay, this is a chemical property. Okay, very good.
Next is thermal conductivity. Okay, thermal conductivity, this is just a physical property. Okay, pag pinamay yung thermal conductivity ng isang object, hindi mo binabago yung identity ng object na yun. Okay?
So, this is a physical property. And finally, boiling point is also a physical property. Okay?
Sige. Alright. So, let's move on.
Let's move on to another topic which is declassification of matter. Okay? So, classification of matter.
We are now classifying them. Okay? Ikaklassify na natin.
Alright. So, the first one is Pure substances. Okay? Pag sinabing pure substances, sample of matter with fixed composition and distinct set of properties. Okay.
So, sabihin fixed na. Okay? Walang ibang kasama. It's a pure, sorry, it's a fixed yung composition nya with a distinct set of properties.
Okay? So, that is the A pure, that is, pure substance. Alright? And under pure substance, okay, so under ito ng pure substance, itong dalawang ito, we have elements and compounds.
Okay? So, elements, these are the simplest form of matter. Okay? And elements cannot be broken down into to further component substances by any means.
So, hindi mo na pwede silang hatiin. Alright? Yung mga elements.
And has one kind of atom. Ang mga elements. Ibig sabihin, yung mga elements sa periodic table, those are the simplest form of matter.
Okay? So, may isang uri lang ng atom. Let's say, may isang kilo ka ng carbon. So, yung buong isang kilo ng carbon, lahat na pure carbon, isang uri lang ng atom yun na andun, puro carbon lang.
Alright? So, hindi ito updated. Okay?
So, there are 118. Okay? Hindi 112. So, let me correct that. There are 118 elements in the periodic table, yung updated ngayon na periodic table.
Okay? So, may mga bagong discovered elements. Alright? Sige. So, again, elements is the simplest form of matter, cannot be broken down into further components.
Okay? Sige. Now, these are examples of elements.
Ayan. So, ito yung mga examples ng elements. Okay?
So, kasi lahat to ay carbon. Okay? Lahat yan ay carbon atom. Lahat yan.
So, ang tawag dito... Ito ay allotropes of carbon. Okay? So, pupunta tayo dyan. Okay?
Pupunta tayo sa mga allotropes of carbon. I think sa second sempa to. Alright. Okay.
So, lahat yan, bunubuo lang yun ng carbon. Okay? So, next.
Compounds. So, another is compound. So, compound is a substance that contains two or more elements, chemically combined in a fixed proportion.
And they can be separated chemically. Alright. So, yung element, again, pag sinabing element, that is the simplest form of matter.
Pero pag sinabi mong compound, okay, is a substance that contains two or more elements that are combined chemically. So, nagkaroon ng chemical reaction or banding. Pwedeng ionic banding, covalent banding, metallic banding.
Alright? And they can be separated chemically. Pwede pa rin natin ihiwalay yung mga components na yun in a compound.
Okay? Into its original elements. Okay?
Pwede natin kunin. They can be separated chemically. So, there are different methods to separate compounds.
Okay? So, pag-uusapan natin as we go along. Okay. Again, compounds can be separated by chemical means, okay? Decomposition and electrolysis.
Alright? So, pag electrolysis, gagamit ka ng electric current, okay? To separate the ions.
Alright? Decomposition and chemical means. Ayan.
So, there are compounds can be separated. Okay? Alright, another is the mixtures.
Okay? Or the mixtures. Mixtures are a physical blend of two or more components, each of which retain its own identity and property. Okay, pag naman mixture, ayan. So, physical blend, pinaghalo-halo natin yung two or more components of each which retains its own identity and property.
So, sa mixture, marami kang possible na combination. Pwedeng solid to liquid mixture, diba? Like sa yung milk tea, diba? So, yung pearls ay solid. Yung milti mo ay liquid.
So, that is an example of a mixture. Ano pa? Yung classic example nyan ay yung halo-halo.
Diba? Andaming mga ingredients. May solid, may liquid. Ayan.
So, that's a mixture. Ano pa? Yung soft drink. Soft drink is a mixture, class.
Because, lalo na yung mga carbonated drinks. Okay? So, when you say carbonated, meron siyang carbon dioxide.
Kaya pag uminom kayo, madidigay kayo. So, yung mga bubbles doon, sa soft drinks, those are carbon dioxide gas. So, that is gas in liquid mixture. So, marami kang combination, actually. Alright?
So, we will discuss in detail all about mixtures when we go to, I think, second quarter. Okay? Basta, it's a physical blend of two or more components of which retains its own identity and property.
So, hindi sila talaga nagkakaroon ng chemical reaction. Okay? retain pa rin yung lasa ng pearl, kahit nasa milk tea siya, tama?
At ganun din naman yung milk tea, hindi nakaka-apekto yung presence ng pearl, tama ba? So, kumbaga, retain yung property nung liquid tea. Okay. Doon sa pearls, diba?
Okay. Doon ay, ganun sa mixture. So, mixtures can be separated.
Ayan. So, kaya natin i-separate. We can separate mixtures.
Okay? By settling by gravity or sedimentation. Okay, paano ba yung settling by gravity?
So, let's say, alam niyo ba klas yung mga suspension? Nung bata ba kayo, uminom kayo ng gamot na sinishake nung mami nyo na parang may nilalagay na powder. So, that's a suspension.
Sorry, that's a suspension. And then, pag iliwanan nyo lang siya, nakikita nyo bumababa yung solid particles na ando sa baba. So, kailangan i-shake. Ano?
Ano pa ba yung mga kailangan i-shake? Like yung yakult. Diba? Nakita nyo may mga buo-buo doon sa ilalim.
So, nag-settle siya due to gravity. Kasi nga, pababa yung gravity. So, you have to shake that so that it will be in uniform para mag-mix siya thoroughly.
Okay? So, that is settling by gravity, sedimentation. So, nagsiseparate.
Okay? Nagsiseparate yung solid and liquid parts. Alright.
Sige. Ano pa? Filtration. Ito. This is a very common way to separate solid particles to liquid mixture.
Okay? Ayan. So, filtration. Ginagamit yan saan?
Sa mga purifying station. Okay? May filtration system sila dyan.
Alright. Another is centrifugation. So, itong centrifugation class, ginagamit yan sa medical field.
Pwede rin naman sa chemistry at sa industry. So, yung centrifugation, parang rice cooker yung itsura niya. Pero sa loob, may mga butas, umiikot siya ng mabilis. By centrifugal force, kaya niyang i-separate yung mga...
component. So, ginagamit to class sa blood sample. So, papaikutin yun, maiiwan yung ano, red blood cells sa baba, yun yung solid part.
And then, maiiwan sa taas yung plasma, yung red blood cells, ayun, ay sorry, plasma, white blood cells, tsaka yung water, maiiwan sya sa taas. Alright? So, magsisettle sa baba yung solid particles.
So, that is centrifugation. With the use of centrifugal force. So, it's a rotating, it's rotating at a very high speed.
Next is magnet. Okay. So, of course, you can use magnet for mixtures having metals or metallic property.
Okay. Pwede kang gumamit ng magnet. Alright.
Okay. Now, let's go to types of mixtures. We have homogenous mixture.
Also called a solution. Pag sinabing homo. Okay. Homo is I think this is a Latin prefix na for The same or uniform. Pag sinabi mong homo, okay, homo, Sa same sya.
Same. Alright? Homo or same. Uniform.
Have the same proportion of components. Uniform proportion of components. And having one phase.
Alright? So, kapag yung isang substance soluble dun sa ano mo, sa solvent. Okay?
So, pag na-dissolve sya, you form a homogeneous mixture. Anong example nyan? Coffee and water.
Salt and water. And homogeneous sya. Isa lang yung phase nya. Wala kang makikita distinct layers Okay, that's uniform all throughout That is a homogeneous mixture Okay, so yung milty, hindi siya homogeneous Okay, kasi bakit? Meron kang kitang, kung may pearls Okay, kung may pearls yung milty mo Kita mo na merong layer ng solid pearls Okay, so that is not a homogeneous mixture Okay, sige, having only one Kailangan may isang phase lang.
Kung liquid all throughout, ayun, that is homogenous mixture. Anong mga example niyan? Yung mga gatas, I think homogenous yan.
So, isa lang yung phase niyan. Okay? Alright. Now, kaya bang mag-separate?
Can we separate homogenous solutions? Yes. There are different ways.
to separate homogenous solutions. The first one is by evaporation, by distillation, crystallization, extraction, excuse me, and chromatography. Ayan.
So, evaporation, distillation, crystallization, extraction, chromatography. Alright. So, itong evaporation, tatanggalin nyo lang yung liquid. Okay? By subjecting, the solution into heat.
Okay? Pag ininit nyo yung solution, of course, mag-evaporate yung liquid. And then, anong maiiwan?
Yung residue na solid. So, yung evaporation class, an example dito, is yung paggawa ng salt. Okay?
So, yan. Ineevaporate lang yung water. Okay?
Which is a very concentrated salt solution. Okay? And then, maiiwan na yung salt. And then, next, distillation.
Alright, so it's a process of separating two liquids. Okay. Kapag meron kang dalawang liquid, okay, two liquids having the different boiling points can be separated using distillation. So, iinit mo.
Kung meron kang solution ng two liquids, iinitin mo siya. Alright. So, yung component.
na mas mababa yung boiling point, sya yung unang kukulo. Okay? Pag kumulo yun, may condenser sya, i-convert nya yung steam into, into, tawag ito, into liquid, tapos ayun, mahihiwalay na sya.
Alright? So, kailangan magkaiba yung temperature. Okay?
Difference in temperature. Yung mas mababa yung temperature, sya yung unang mag-separate. Okay?
Ayan. So, kahit napakadami pa niyang, um, Kahit napakadami pa niyang components, say for fuels or yung mga fossil fuels natin. So yun, yung mga fossil fuels, nag-a-undergo yan ng fractional distillation. Okay, fractional distillation. So, kita nyo, may mga crude oil, sa isang fraction puro crude oil, tapos susunod yung mga, ano pa ba, like yung mga butane.
So hanggang sa pinakamaliit. na carbon containing gas, which is methane, hanggang carbon number 4, 4 carbons, ano, so that's a way of purifying, ano, so ang pinaka-pure yata ay for jet fuels and airplanes, ayun, sobrang purified yun, kasi kailangan very efficient, alright. Ano pa, crystallization, ayan, solidification din yan, ano, yung crystallization, extraction, ayan, so ginagamit din tong ng extraction class, usually sa mga organic compounds.
Okay? Yung extraction. So, separate two liquids. Okay? And then, chromatography.
Ayan. Chromatography is by the use of different colors. Ayan.
So, maraming klase ng chromatography. Merong thin layer chromatography, merong paper chromatography. So, we will discuss a detail um...
We'll have a little discussion about this separation of solutions. And you can search for this, ano, this process. Okay. Next, we have the different types of mixtures.
Diba? So, another, one type of mixture we've discussed is homogeneous, another one is hetero. Okay.
Pag sinabi naman hetero, it means different. Okay. Alright.
Heterogeneous. Okay. It's the proportion of components. In a heterogeneous mixture, the proportion of the components is not uniform or having two or more faces.
Say, for example nga, yung milty natin may solid and may liquid. Yung carbonated drinks, yung mga soft drinks, meron kang gas, meron ka rin liquid. Meron din solid yun, diba? May mga sugars yun. Pero syempre, na-dissolve na yun.
Okay, so, homogeneous na yun. Pero, since meron kang mga bubbles, okay, so, may dalawang phases. Okay? Meron kang solid, solid, ay sorry, liquid and gas.
Okay, ano pa ang mga types ng heterogeneous mixture? Ayan. So, ano pa ba ang heterogeneous yung, we have, let's say, yung mga salads like that, ayan, mga fruit salad, ano pa ba? Ayan, so, kapag nagluto din kayo ng mga cup noodles, diba?
So, may solid part which is the noodle, tsaka yung sabaw, yung liquid part, ayan, so that is a heterogeneous. mixture. Alright, so we will have a detailed discussion of the different ways on how to separate this mixture. So in this session, we talked about the different properties of matter. We have the extensive properties and intensive properties.
We also discussed about the physical and chemical properties of matter. And we also classified matter into pure substance. We also characterized that into elements and compounds. We also have mixtures. We also have heterogeneous mixtures and homogeneous mixtures and the way to separate those mixtures.
Alright? So, I hope you've learned a lot from this. recorded sessions and thank you for watching.
Take care and stay safe.