Anatomy and Physiology: Cell Structure and Function

Introduction

• Presenter: Sarah from Registered Nurse RN
• Focus: Overview of cell structure and function for anatomy and physiology (A&P) class
• Encouragement to visit the website for quizzes to test knowledge on cell structure

Typical Human Cell Overview

• Human body consists of 50 - 100 trillion cells
• Functions of cells:
  • Destroy invaders
  • Replicate themselves
  • Maintain integrity and shape
• Organelles: Subunits within the cell responsible for various functions

Main Parts of a Human Cell

1. Plasma Membrane
   • Outer boundary of the cell
2. Cytoplasm
   • Internal component of the cell surrounding the nucleus
3. Nucleus
   • Control center containing cellular activities

Key Organelles and Their Functions

• Chromatin
  • Packages DNA into smaller volumes
  • Reinforces mitosis, prevents DNA damage, and controls DNA replication
• Nucleolus
  • Site for ribosome synthesis and assembly
• Glycosomes
  • Sugar-containing bodies storing glycogen for energy
• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
  • Responsible for lipid metabolism
• Cytosol
  • Fluid material inside the cell
• Lysosome
  • Performs intracellular digestion
• Mitochondria
  • Known as the powerhouse of the cell, generates energy
• Centrioles and Centrosome Matrix
  • Involved in cell division
• Microvilli
  • Increases cell surface area, characterized by finger-like protrusions
• Microfilaments
  • Aid in intracellular movement
• Microtubules
  • Provide cell shape and support
• Intermediate Filaments
  • Help the cell resist tension
• Peroxisome
  • Contains enzymes for detoxifying cells from free radicals
• Golgi Apparatus
  • Processes and packages proteins
• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
  • Responsible for membrane synthesis
• Ribosomes
  • Site of protein synthesis, small dark structures made of RNA

Detailed Structure and Function

• Plasma Membrane
  • Flexible outer membrane defining cell boundary
• Nucleus
  • Control center containing DNA, genetic material
• Nuclear Envelope
  • Regulates the passage of substances between nucleus and cytoplasm

Sample Quiz Questions

1. Organelles' Responsibility

   • Function: Disposal of waste, maintaining shape and integrity, and replication
   • Answer: Organelles

2. Ribosomes Characteristics

   • Appearance: Small dark staining
   • Composed of: RNA
   • Answer: Ribosomes have the appearance of small dark staining and are constructed of RNA

Conclusion

• Reminder to take the online quiz to test understanding of cell structure and function
• Encouragement to explore additional resources and tutorials on anatomy, physiology, and nursing exams
• Thank you note and invitation to subscribe to the channel for more educational content