hey everyone it's sarah with registered nurse RN comm and today in this teaching series we're going to go over the cell function and structure in your anatomy and physiology class you'll be required to know how to label the structure of a cell and what each function is in this video I'm going to give you a quick overview and help refresh your memory of what you need to know for your am p exam also after this video go to my website register nurse or in comm and go to the quizzes page and take the test on the cell structure I will ask you all these types of questions on what function of each structure does and these are probably the same type of questions that you'll be encountering on your am p exam so be sure to take that so let's get started behind me I have what a typical cell looks like this cell is what's normally in the human body your body is made up of fifty to a hundred trillion of these little things your cells are responsible for destroying invaders replicating themselves maintaining integrity and shape and each of these little subunits in this cell are called organelles and they're responsible for doing this so let's go over what each part of the subunits do then after this part I'll go over a couple quiz questions and then jump by my website register nurse orange comb and finish taking the whole quiz and see how well you grasp this material that we went over okay let's get started your human cell is made up of three parts you have the plasma membrane the cytoplasm and then you have the nucleolus so these are three structures that make up the whole cell the plasma membrane is your outer boundary of the cell your cytoplasm is found internally from the plasma membrane which is called the cell and surrounds the nucleus and then the nucleus is your control center that contains cell activities and it's found near the inter of the cells so that's what this big drawing is now let's go over all of these little subunits because they all have little jobs that help this cell work first let's go over the chromatin the chromatin is responsible for packaging DNA into a smaller volume to fit inside the cell and it reinforces mitosis prevents DNA damage and controls DNA replication so that is the little areas inside this nicholas next we're going to go over to the nucleo the nucleolus this is this middle big center inside of the nucleus this serves as a site for ribosomes synthesis and assembly so here are your ribosomes they are these little black and blue dots everywhere and we'll go over a water ribosome here does see in a second I'm your glyco so miss right here these are water called sugar containing bodies they store sugar in the form of glycogen for the cells main energy source so this is how the cell gets its energy and it's another word for glycogen so it's your glycosides next right above that is your smooth endoplasmic reticulum and also you have rough endoplasmic reticulum but first let's go over the smooth the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for lipid metabolism which in other words breaks down and uses fats then next we have our cytosol the cytosol is a fluid material that's all in this area and it serves as what is liquid that's found inside of the cell next we have lysosome your lysosome performs intracellular digestion easy way to remember this is lysyl and whenever you spray the Lysol disinfectant it eats away any germs so that's what a lysosome does it eats away germs next is your mitochondria it is failing right here and right there this always is a test question I remember it it's the powerhouse of the cell always remember that this is where your energy is generated so the cell can carry out its work next you have the centrioles which is about in the middle of the Monaco Andreea I like to think of the center centrioles and then around the centrioles you have this cloud like matrix which is your syndrome matrix but back to the centrioles the centrioles is found inside this matrix and its main function is to produce aster and spindle during cell division so they help with cell division then the matrix is just surrounded and it serves as a little cloud protein around the centrioles next is your micro Villa look at that you see how they protrude out their finger like that's another test question because in the test they'll ask you the shape of the little subunit and these have finger like tiny little finger like areas that help support the cell and it helps increase cell surface area so think of little fingers going along increasing surface area so that's your micro Villa and in your micro villa see these little blue little lines these are called micro filaments these microfilaments help form and help with intracellular movement so you have the micro villi which are increasing surface area and then the micro filament which is found in the micro villa help with intracellular movement then right above where your central matrix and your centrioles were located you have these little tubes coming out these tubes are called micro tubules this gives the cell its shape and support and forms the centrioles that's why it's found around the centrioles next we have inter minute and filaments the intermittent filaments are filmed throughout the cell you'll find them in the plasma membrane the cytoplasm and all the intermediate filaments do is it's a cytoskeletal element that helps the seal cell resist any tension so if that cell gets tension let's say it gets squished or something like that this intermediate filament is going to come in and help prevent that tension from collapsing the cell next you have the proxy's out Oh easy way I remember this little procs is ohm is through the product Prok side procs ism contains enzymes and this is usually a test question it contains enzymes such as oxidase and catalase and it's used to default detoxify cells from free radicals so free radicals are bad things like cancer anything an invader that's coming in and this little proxy zone will go and take it and destroy it so think of proc side whenever you have a wound or anything you people use peroxide on their women that helps destroy any bacteria so that's how I remember what a proxy same does next is the Golgi apparatus say that ten times fast that's a word and a half the Golgi apparatus is this little green thing here and it is a stack of three to ten little envelope shapes and its membrane supports processes packages proteins in membranes next and you have the rough endoplasmic reticulum remember we went over the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and remember the smooth endoplasmic reticulum was I'm responsible for metabolizing lipids which are fats but your endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for the cell's membrane so this helps with make the cell's membrane next you have ribosomes these little ribosomes are filmed throughout your smooth I mean your rough endo reticulum and your Golgi apparatus and what your Robbins owns are they are the site of protein synthesis which are small dark notice that they're small and dark containing structures that construct proteins plus RNA so it's super important usually a test question you they want to know what they look like and what protein they use so they are dark and small staining and they have to do with RNA and we already went over our plasma membrane but we'll go over it again it's the outer layer and it's a flexible membrane layer that defines the cell and helps separate separate the two major fluid components of this cell called the intracellular and extracellular fluid then you have the nucleus this is this whole little thing right here and the nucleus and other tests question this is the control center or the colonel as they say which is in control of the whole cell and it is its genetic material is DNA so ribosomes are responsible for the RNA and your nucleus genetic material is the DNA next we have the nuclear envelope this is this little green thing though just enveloping the whole nucleus and what it does is it surrounds the nucleus and helps regulate passage of substance to and from the nucleus so they're really quick and down and dirty is your whole cell and what it does as its function and structure now let's go over a couple of quiz questions okay let's go over a quiz question remember after these quiz questions you can go to my website register nurse Orion calm and take the whole quiz for free to test your knowledge on the cell structure and function so let's get rid this question it says what part of the cell is responsible for disposal waste key phrase shape and integrity and replication now this is multiple-choice and you have the following answers to choose from a is it organelles B enzymes C plasma membrane or D Bega cytosis I remember at the beginning of the video I was talking about this I was saying that the cell has subunits and these subunits work together to dispose of waste to maintain shape and integrity and to do replication and the answer to this question is a organelles the organelles are all these little structures that are called subunits that work together to do those three tasks so a fancy name for subunits which is part of the cell is organelles now let's go to our next question okay next question ribosomes have the appearance of blank and are constructed of blank so we're talking about ribosomes remember ribosomes were these little dark things that were up here found in the rough into endoplasmic reticulum and in your golgi apparatus so you got to think back to that so let's look at our options we have a are they small dark staining and they are constructed of RNA or are they beat large dark staining and construction of DNA or are they see finger like extensions constructed of lysosomes or is it none of the above so let's think about this for a second looking at this we know that they're small so we know it's not large so we're going to roll out B they are not large they're small and we have to remember was arriving those genetic material RNA or DNA it was RNA RNA how do you remember that ribosomes arts with our so our RNA remember DNA was found in your nucleolus that was where your genetic material for DNA was and finger like extensions remember that was your micro villa the micro villa helps the cell increase its surface area just think of little finger scooting across attached to the cell and helps the cell move along which increases its surface area that's how I remember that so we know that that's not the option and none of the above that's not eat it either so the answer is a so it would read ribosomes have the appearance of small dark staining our appearance of small dark sani and they are constructed of RNA ribosomes means has our so RNA so that was the answer to that one now go to my website register nurse orange calm a link should pop up somewhere in this video and go and take the quiz and test your knowledge on how you know the cell structure and function and I hope you aced your anatomy and physiology test and be sure to check out my other teaching tutorials I have a lot of other videos on anatomy and physiology in CLECs for you nursing students out there personality quizzes everything so thank you so much for watching and be sure to subscribe subscribe to this YouTube channel