Notes on Industry 4.0 and Its Impact on Indonesian Politics

Introduction

• Guest: Mr. Buus Muladi from the University of Nottingham.
• Topic: Industry 4.0 and its impact on Indonesian politics.
• Importance of discussing Industry 4.0 outside academic settings.

Industry Revolutions Overview

Historical Context

1. First Industrial Revolution:
   • Introduction of steam engines.
   • Changed production methods and economies.
2. Second Industrial Revolution:
   • Introduction of electricity.
   • Transition from steam-powered to electric-powered machinery.
3. Third Industrial Revolution:
   • Emergence of the internet.
   • Revolutionized communication and data sharing.
4. Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0):
   • Coined by German economists, popularized by Klaus Schwab.
   • Integration of digital, physical, and biological worlds.
   • More interconnected society compared to previous revolutions.

Education and Skills Development

• Importance of coding in engineering education.
• Advanced computational methods module created to prepare students for Industry 4.0.
• Need for engineers to understand underlying physics and AI coding.

Impacts on Indonesian Politics

Digital Economy

• Digital behavior is a byproduct of Industry 4.0.
• Content creators acting as modern politicians.
• Need for more inclusive digital access in remote areas of Indonesia.
• Concerns about fake news spreading rapidly online compared to factual news.

Political Changes and Challenges

• Rapid change and volatility in politics due to Industry 4.0.
• Previous revolutions had slower transitions compared to the current pace.
• Concerns about inequality and lack of access to technology for all citizens.
• The role of external factors and geopolitics in shaping political responses.

Geopolitical Implications

• Indonesia's resources attract foreign governmental interest.
• Potential for external interference in domestic politics.
• Need for a binding narrative for Indonesia to leverage its position in the global landscape.

Governance and Control

Types of Institutions

1. Inclusive Institutions:
   • Foster opportunities for all citizens.
   • Better prepared for Industry 4.0 advancements.
2. Extractive Institutions:
   • Concentrate power and wealth among a few.
   • Misuse technology to maintain control.

Summary of Political Control

• Industry 4.0 allows for greater control over citizens through surveillance.
• Governments may misuse technology to manipulate public opinion.
• The importance of understanding language and communication for effective governance and international relations.

Conclusion

• Industry 4.0 presents both challenges and opportunities in Indonesian politics.
• Need for careful consideration of equality, access to technology, and the ability to create a binding narrative.
• The rapid changes may lead to volatility in political landscapes, which requires adaptive governance strategies.