Hey friends, welcome to Engineering Funda family. This video is based on one human architecture. So here I'll explain you how one human architecture is there with computer system.
So before you see how one human architecture is there, you should have some basic understanding related how programs and datas are there with memory. So obviously inside memory we store programs as well as data. So first of all, you should know the basic difference in between what is program and what is data. Let me give you some examples. Like for example, when you have any mp3 song.
So that mp3 song, that is a data. That you will be playing inside program which is mp3 player. So mp3 player, that is a program that will execute this data, right?
For example, you have video file. So video file that is a data that you will be playing inside any video player. So that video player that is a program. So here what we do is here when CPU is executing program at that time it is executing instructions of program along with that it will be accessing data and here it is not only about it is only reading data from the memory. Sometimes it may write the data as well.
Let me give you one more example. Like for example, you have one PPT. So that PPT is a data that you will be opening inside a program which is Microsoft PowerPoint program.
So what will happen when you double click on PPT, you will be opening this data inside a program and that program is Microsoft PowerPoint. When you open this at the time, you can read the program. As well as here you can modify the data as well.
So whenever you edit the PPT what will happen? That data will change. With video and with audio we don't change data.
But there are some data which may need to changed. So here CPU that will be executing programs. Along with that it will be accessing data. So when it access the data at that time it may read the data as well as it may write the data.
So inside memory we store data as well as program and as if CPU is accessing memory which is having data as well as program in a same memory. Then you can say this architecture is Von Neumann architecture. Let us see all those things step by step. So here, when we talk about one human architecture, then you should know here we have memory, which is having program as well as data.
And here with same memory, we have program and data. And by same system bus, we access program as well as data with CPU. That's why this architecture is referred as one human architecture. So main memory is having program as well as data and that is been accessed by common system bus.
Right. So at the same time, you cannot have program execution as well as data access. Right. Either you have program instruction over here on this system bus or you may have data access.
Right. As we have common buses over here to access this main memory. So one human architecture.
That is having main memory which will be having program and data in the same memory. Right. So by giving command by input you can execute any program.
Right. But at the same time you cannot execute instructions of program and you cannot execute data at the same time along with program. Right.
That's why you can say one human architecture is bit slower. Here with CPU as we know. It is having control unit resistors and ALU.
This control unit is controlling everything. It controls this system bus. It controls internal operation of this CPU, right? This arithmetic and logic unit that we have it to execute instructions.
By input devices, we give command and by output devices, we see our output. Let me give you a few more examples. Like when we write any program in higher level language, at that time, Inside program, you will be having instructions as well as data. So you can consider program. executes instructions and data that is also there in main memory right so in this same program you see we have data as well as instruction like when you write int a is equals to 8 b is equals to 5 and c then here you are defining integers where a and b that is having fixed values right and c is variable you And after that, you see what we are writing is C is equals to B plus A.
So this is instruction which is there based on addition. And these are finite data, right? So here with main memory, you will be having this data as well as this type of instructions.
So when you want to execute any program, at that time, you will be executing instructions along with data which is there inside common memory. So when... Compiler is compiling this program. It will be generating binary data and that is there with program as well as data, right?
So program means sets of instructions along with that data will be there. And program and data both are stored in a common memory over here with one human architecture. So here, my dear students, when we talk about main memory of one human architecture, then it consists. program as well as data in the same memory over here. So common system bus that is there for accessing program as well as data.
Here when we talk about control unit, then you should know this control unit is providing timing control, instruction fetch, instruction decode, pipelining, memory access. So everything is being controlled by this control unit along with CPU. Here resistors are there to operate with this CPU. So those resistors are having very small amount of memory and that could be operand of this ALU. By using these resistors, ALU performs all the arithmetic and logical operations.
There can be many resistors inside CPU like general purpose resistors, flag resistors, stack resistor, program counter. In future coming videos, I'll be explaining you general purpose computer along with its resistor organization so that you can have more clarity about how resistors are there. Right now consider these resistors are used to execute programs and that could be operand of ALU and we are executing programs inside CPU with the use of these resistors only. Right.
Here when we talk about ALU then it performs all the arithmetic and logical operation. Like you can perform multiplication, division, addition, subtraction, right? You can perform all the logical operations as well as like and logic R, logic XOR, logic NOT.
So all those things that has been performed by ALU. Here when we talk about IO devices, then you should know to give input command we use input devices like you can have mouse keyboard as well as output devices are used to see how output is coming like you can have monitor you can have printer you can have speaker right so based on your output you can interface any number of output devices with cpu to see how output is coming so basically when we talk about one human architecture then you should know know when you store program and data that will be stored inside a common memory that is how things are there when program and data both are stored in a separate memory that architecture is how architecture right but this one human architecture that is cheap in terms of cost and you can observe initial version of microprocessor with intel like 8085 8086 so that is what that is having this architecture only like it was having one human architecture only right it was not having separate memory for program and data so this is how all those things are there i hope it is clear to you still if any confusion is there just post that in networks i'll be happy to help you thank you so much for watching this video