Korean Demonstratives and Grammar

Overview

The lecture explains the Korean demonstratives for "that" and the grammar for expressing existence and possession (to have) in Korean, using practical examples.

Demonstratives in Korean ("That")

• Korean has two forms of "that": "geu" (그) and "jeo" (저).
• "Geu" (그) is used for objects far from the speaker but close to the listener.
• "Jeo" (저) is used for objects far from both the speaker and the listener.
• Context determines which demonstrative to use based on object location relative to speaker and listener.
• Examples: "Geu bag" refers to a bag near the listener; "Jeo bag" refers to a bag far from both.

Example Conversations

• "Who is this person?" uses "i" (이) when the subject is near the speaker.
• "Who is that person?" can use "geu" or "jeo" depending on distance from speaker and listener.
• Ownership can be shown by adding the owner's name before the item, like "Eugene's watch."

Expressing Existence and Possession (있어요/없어요)

• "Is-sseo-yo" (있어요) means "exists" or "there is/are" and can also mean "have/has."
• "Eop-sseo-yo" (없어요) means "does not exist" or "do/does not have."
• Used with location markers (에 - at, 에서 - in/on) to state where something exists.
• Structure: [Subject][Location][있어요/없어요].
• To express having something: "핸드폰 있어요?" ("Do you have a mobile phone?").

Sentence Order and Grammar Notes

• In Korean, the verb always comes at the end of the sentence.
• Subjects and objects can be reordered, but verb placement remains last.
• Grammar particles are important for distinguishing meanings, such as "은/는" for subjects.

Key Terms & Definitions

• 그 (geu) — "That" (far from speaker, near listener)
• 저 (jeo) — "That" (far from both speaker and listener)
• 있어요 (itseoyo) — Exists/There is/Have
• 없어요 (eopseoyo) — Does not exist/Do not have
• 에 (e) — Location marker ("at," "in," or "on")

Action Items / Next Steps

• Make three sentences using "geu," "jeo," and "있어요/없어요" grammar.
• Practice identifying when to use each demonstrative based on object location.
• Review grammar particles for subjects and locations.