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What is the mechanism of action for epinephrine auto-injectors when used for anaphylaxis?
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Epinephrine works as a vasoconstrictor and relaxes smooth muscles in the airways.
Describe the pharmacodynamic factors that can influence drug action in patients.
Kidney/liver disease and the presence of other medications.
Explain the significance of understanding drug contraindications in the administration of medications.
Contraindications are conditions or factors that would make the administration of the drug harmful to the patient.
What is the purpose of a saline lock or heparin lock in IV therapy?
For quick medication administration.
Why is it important to check blood pressure 5 minutes after administering nitroglycerin?
To monitor for a potential drop in blood pressure, which is a common side effect.
Describe the side effects associated with Naloxone (Narcan).
Severe vomiting, irritability.
When is activated charcoal typically used and what is its action?
Activated charcoal is used to absorb poisons in the body, preventing absorption into the bloodstream.
What steps should be taken if flow issues are encountered with IV therapy?
Check tubing, constricting bands, IV site, and for kinks.
Identify the route of administration for medications like aspirin and oral glucose.
Oral administration (swallowed).
What type of medication storage is typical for nerve agent antidotes like 2-PAM?
They are stored centrally and not on ambulances.
What is the primary action of oral glucose when administered to a patient?
It raises blood sugar levels.
Which medication might be used by EMTs for patients with asthma, emphysema, or chronic bronchitis, and what are its common side effects?
Albuterol via Metered Dose Inhalers (MDIs); common side effects include increased heart rate and jitteriness.
What should be documented when administering medications in an EMS setting?
Doctor's order, route of administration, dosage, and patient’s reaction.
List the contraindications for administering nitroglycerin.
Low blood pressure and concurrent use of erectile dysfunction drugs.
What are the indications for administering aspirin in an EMS setting?
Suspected chest pain due to myocardial infarction (heart attack).
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