Hypophosphatemia by Professor D

Jun 3, 2024

Lecture Notes: Hypophosphatemia by Professor D

Introduction

  • Topic: Hypophosphatemia
  • Channel: Professor D's YouTube
  • Website: NexusNursingInstitute.com
  • Social Media: TikTok, Instagram, Facebook
  • Related Content: Videos on Hyperphosphatemia, Hyper/Hypocalcemia

Hypophosphatemia Overview

  • Definition: Phosphorus level of less than 2.4 mg/dL
    • Normal range: 2.4 to 4.4 mg/dL
  • Causes: Decreased intestinal absorption, increased urinary excretion, shift from extracellular to intracellular fluid
  • Consequences: Low serum phosphate

Acute Manifestations:

  • CNS depression
  • Muscle weakness
  • Pain
  • Respiratory failure
  • Heart failure

Chronic Manifestations

  • Alters bone metabolism
    • Conditions: Rickets, Osteomalacia
  • Relation to Hyperphosphatemia: Inverse relationship with calcium

Pathophysiology

  • Hyperphosphatemia: Pulls calcium out of the bloodstream into bones
  • Hypophosphatemia: Calcium pulled out of bones into the bloodstream

Management

  • Mild Deficiency: Increase oral intake of dairy products, phosphorus supplements
  • Severe Symptoms: Requires IV administration of sodium phosphate or potassium phosphate
  • Monitoring: Frequent monitoring necessary during IV therapy

Common Causes

  • Malnutrition
  • Vitamin D deficiency (needed for calcium absorption)
  • Parenteral nutrition
  • Chronic alcoholism (causes multiple electrolyte deficiencies)
  • Phosphate-binding antacids
  • Hyperparathyroidism (excess calcium in the blood)

Signs and Symptoms

  • Muscle Weakness: Including respiratory muscles
  • Seizures
  • Bone Disorders: Osteomalacia, Rickets
  • Medical Emergency: Rhabdomyolysis

Conclusion

  • Next Topic: Magnesium imbalances (Hyper and Hypomagnesemia)
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