uh basically I'm a history teacher all these years I have taught only history but recently I have some diversion in my subjects I specialize in area studies and other things which are new to me similarly I also specializing nowadays in Indian knowledge system I got a very good opportunity today and seeing the list of participants most of them are faculty members so what I'm going to do I don't go to uh the basic things in this IKS for Indian knowledge system I will try to touch upon the importance as well as the procedure how this ik was transmitted to uh Europe as well as other Asian countries I will start my uh I I will start today's talk with my normal system of invocation uh this is my procedure since my very early days can we come to the third slide ma okay I will repeat it once again go to not only rra but also because the subject of today's thought is Indian knowledge system and uh with this introduction with the introduction of kidas I think we can go to the subject very easily this previous Slide m previous slide please previous previous I need to talk for around five minutes with regards to and and kalidasa ramam is one of the greatest mahak of kalidasa this is an embodiment of Indian knowledge system see there are only two lines there and the outer view of this particular sloka uh gives a simple meaning that we are going to uh rudra or Shiva along with Parvati okay and they have compared the Cojo of rudra that is how rudra and Parvati are together with W as well as uh this onea and that itself is a part of Indian knowledge system what and ARA means in other words though literary meaning says that walk means talk ARA means the meaning each and every word in Sanskrit has originated because of a particular situation and a particular meaning that itself is a part of Indian knowledge system okay now coming on to ruam ruam has around 19 SAS Saras means cantos it is roughly equal to various chapters it is the story of suryaa suryaa and chandraa are the two major in Indian history so Su means it's they are the forefathers of Lord SRI okay this mahak cavia has around 1564 stanzas uh it is divided I can divide it into three equal parts in first 1 to 10 uh the brief history of RAM is given and from 10 to 15 cantos number 10 to 15 is is the ab edition of ramayana because the first 10 SAS or the first 10 cantos give the earlier history of this ramam or ragua there we get the reference of various Kings like dilipa B Ru Aja and dasar why this is much important this is very much important because the growth of mankind in India can be traced in this particular ru there uh there is a story I will come to this particular Point later on uh rajam and new indologist from India an Indian origin indologist from America has put forward a new theory he says that it is a pedagogy of Indians who put the history or other things in the form of stories so here also we find one particular story uh that is B that has come to our common awareness also B if you put lot of effort in one particular thing it is usually as B what did B do Bata brought ganga to Earth ganga was somewhere in Himalayas he brought to Earth he brought it to Earth what does this particular story represents see uh what we have learned from our previous historians is entirely different they this particular story has an embedded message in it what is that particular message here we find a word called as Tapas Tapas means he put lot of effort not for one generation for Generations together they have put effort for what purpose they have put effort to bring ganga or gangas rer gangas to Earth Earth Here represents the plane of North India Earth clearly represents the plane of North India and he brought it to the plains of North India that is as a king he has performed its duty of providing water for agriculture to Farmers that is called as Tapas so that particular uh story gives us one particular historical evidence which is not told to you as history but has been told to you in a different style so that it can be remembered and passed on to next Generation okay not only that when we talk of Indian knowledge system uh the first thing that comes to our mind is the geographical knowledge of our ancient Indians here also in this particular ragam before this this is the opening sentence V is the opening sentence of but when we go through that through all the the stanzas we find references various geographical references and I'm particularly interested in two one is trans oenia transoxania represents the modern Central Asian countries now if you go and search the maps we find some countries called as kazakistan kakistan usbekistan all these were the parts of earlier great Indian empire so trans oenia is referred in ramam similarly there is one more reference called as kbo kbo is modern Iran so it's very clear that uh our boundary was stretched until Iran Iran was our immediate neighbor there was no country called as Afghanistan Afghanistan was a part of India and there is Hindu push mountains where Hindu Kings rulle earlier so all these were the parts of this ruam is one of the standing proofs of our ancient Kingdom so uh the first 10 stanas describe all these things 10 to 15 as I already told you it's aned edition of R and from 16 to 19 the last four canos describe the describe the successors of Rama starting from laa and Kusha and in all these 19 stanas we get a big list of Kings we will remember this point the list of Kings who ruled India because later on when I come to Modern part where I say where I want to where I wish to show you that uh the ancient Indian historians not indians those who wrote Indian history particularly Europeans why did they do that particular mistake and what mistake has been done we simply andly still follow the same mistake and I have even mentioned the name of some indologist like rajam I will give you some more name of indologist and I will also introduce you to their works so that now the counter history is taking place okay then in one last aspect of this particular SL that I has said in the beginning I will two minutes to explain that one as I have told you the cursory look of this particular shoka shows that we are going to Lord Shiva and Lord of this universe parar and pares the Lord of this universe they are cojin they are cojin like and means means the meaning this is the simpler meaning but when we use Ana system in Sanskrit Ana is a system wherein we divide Thea but meaning changes when we divide Thea why an is required in Sanskrit an is needed in Sanskrit because this particular SLA is written to one particular meter if that is called as Chas in Sanskrit a meter has certain rules for example G meter if I remember properly has to have 14 letters only in one single sentence so that can't be avoided so then under such circumstances when we try to understand that we use the system called as Ana so when we apply an to thisa we will get many number of gods first one is as the Cur look states that it is one parar that means we are going to Lord Shiva and parti if we use an the word pares will be divided into it is divided into two words ramesar parti means Lord Shiva along with parti is also called as par ramesar means Rama means lakmi rahes means raama with is that is Vish so in the same word when we use and when we say the word together there is only one God when we use an we find two different gods soti RAR Rama is Lord lakmi along with okay and there is one more word at the beginning of the means means Brahma it's natural means Lord of is sarasti so saraswati's husband is Brahma so naturally means we are also boing to we are also describing Brahma as well as Lakshmi Brahma as well as sarasti so in the same this thing we are going to three different gods when we use an and the last one I can even give one more this thing uh in one more meaning for this this one pares some there's a word called as is cooin how they are together the second word they cooin when Lord sha is cojin withi the becomes arar so we go to Lord Shiva and parameswar sorry parameswar and Parvati number one Rama and Vishnu number two sarasti and uh Brahma number three all their husband and wife we talking of only couples and fourth one isar why I gave stress to this particular this thing is uh later on British historians who later on wrote our history they did not write it it was found actually it was Rewritten by them when they rewrote our Indian history what they did is they did some simple mischiefs they created if you go through South Indian history particularly after Empire we find this one created Rift between sh even today uh that Str is strand is found in the society sometimes during some festivals we find that Strand and there will be some difference of opinion between these two groups which Hinduism so when our ancient people when our ancestors did not have any issues with various different gods why should have been why should we continue that one this has been put To Us by our re rewrote historians who have given us a wrong history so uh I think though it is quite slightly difficult to understand I think that I have made one particular point in this one this acts as a very brief introduction to what we are going to learn about Indian knowledge system this itself I'm touching just one particular point and in that we have this much deep knowledge so Madam please next slide we got slide number four so now we come I think uh we have put a small stage from where we can talk of Indian knowledge system we can go through that it's very easily this one but I will try to explain it in different words it's one of the oldest and comprehensive system of knowledge in the world this I is what we are talking about it is one of the oldest and most comprehensive system knowledge of the world it has roots of more than thousand years it encompasses thousand years is just a small word that I'm using uh the actual date is more than thousand years and I will refer to one more particular word later on that is continuous living civilization later on that can also be applied here okay now this is as I have told you it's one of the oldest and most comprehensive it covers wide range of subjects and I have used the word called as greater India it has influenced and passed on through generations of Greater India not only India greater India includes most of the countries in Southeast Asia most of the countries in Southeast Asia modern countries like Java Bali Sumatra Indonesia even up to Philippines uh there is one modern indologist called as Oak not the previous Oak I'm talking of NES o he is a new indologist who is recently working on ramayana and Mahabharata recently he has written a book and he has proved that uh even South America has many places related to ramayana when I thought of geography I may reer it once again uh ancient Indians had a very good knowledge of geography and since he has worked in America and South American countries many for many years it is easy for him to identify many places in North and South America which is connected with uh our ancient Indian knowledge system so that is the vastness of our ancient knowledge system as I told you earlier it covers many subjects it includes mathematics science technology ayura astronomy architecture philosophy I'm not that much eligible to talk on that one but regarding literature and historical aspects I'm going to deal with some things and coming on to the third point it has its own data sets why have used this particular word own corpora data set because we are living in a 21st century uh globalized word for whatever we say we should provide data without data we whatever we say will not be accepted so it's quite natural that I have brought this world particular this thing but the problem with the data set of Indian knowledge system is very huge that is uh it is mostly in Sanskrit and other languages which we don't use it today and second thing simply uh translating Sanskrit uh literally does not have any meaning uh it has a lot of implied meaning Sanskrit has a lot of implied meaning one particular word if you go and check it you can also understand it one elephant for one word elephant you nearly get 12 to 15 synonyms it is not that much easy to understand for us for us elephant means gaj only G even AATA is an elephant but only white elephants are called as AATA that particular word AATA is synonym to Elephant but it is used in a different situation when we talk of IND or when we talk of Indonesian Kings Indonesian Kings even today are the followers of rahma so naturally they their emblem isata there you cannot say that the Indonesian king or Indra is having a or gaja you cannot use that you have to use that particular word AATA itself so as I it has many meanings and simple literary translation creates huge problem that is why I used this particular word for data sets and we have lot of data only thing is it has to be translated in a proper sense okay methods and criteria for generating this validation is similar AK to ancient system uh whatever sorry Ancient Ancient system is AC to Modern system whatever is scw in Ancient India very near to our modern system but only thing is Europeans has accept it which they are not ready okay last one is ik is known for its holistic approach it is not only holistic it is interdisiplinary I have given you many subjects over there mathematics science technology AA astronomy astronomy is interrelated with astrology architecture is inter related social Customs because architecture we speak of Temple architecture it is nothing but Society so it is interrelated with social customs and everything is interrelated with Indian philosophy and literature always speaks of all these things so all things are inter related and interconnected and it's very difficult to separate it and study and hence an holistic approach is needed as I have even mentioned the word interconnected greatness and I want to stress the last word wellbeing of individual and society as a whole this is very much important I'm not that much uh uh qualified to talk on vas but I'm a practitioner regularly and based on that one I can tell you only one thing is all the Vic mantras only speak of samashti pragna sashti pragna means inclusiveness whatever Mantra we we recite daily because only when we understand and we recite Vic mantras it will be useful that which I'm trying to do it and when I do it whatever we do whatever I do particularly we means those who follow it it is inclusiveness samas prna see we invoke Lord lakmi every day when we invoke Lord lakmi through S Su we never say that you give us lot of money we never say that let lakmi live in my k k means my Society earlier it was called as K noway it's a modern society and what does this principle say it is nothing but modern globalization nothing but more than modern globalization when my Kai is in a good shape definitely I will be in a good shape I don't say that lakmi should be locked in my treasury lakmi should be locked in my bank account no I say that let lakmi stay in my similarly when we talk of wellbeing of humans inas that daily we recite we say that one leged two leg four leg and everybody let be in a good shape because if the society is in a good shape naturally we will be in a very good sh mam please next slide see I have mentioned in this one some issues with ik why we are learning ik you might be knowing because uh I just observed when you people were logging in I find that most of you people are teachers like me so naturally you might have be knowing that some states are opposing uh this NE for example my state Karnataka has made a decision to stop NP from this particular end and they have put a put up a commission to bring in a new system so IKS which was promoted by central government under neb will not be taught in our uh from next year onwards so this shows that there are some issues with ik that's why I have particularly marked some issues which has been in discussion since last one one and half years okay everybody knows that ik is an integral part of our past it compared to Modern scientific disciplines as I told you earlier it everything that has been decided in our previous knowledge system has some proof in it but only thing is Europeans are not ready to accept that particular system nowadays due to Modern scientific developments some things are being accepted but still it is very slow and the third issue which I want to discuss is lack of awareness this is the mainly I even mentioned it earlier the Corpus data with regards to IND knowledge system is in various languages which we don't use particularly uh this one Sanskrit in general and when we talk of ayura and astronomy even tibetian language lot of Indian ancient books we know that nalanda University was burnt away but lot of books have been carried by Tibet uh Buddhist and has been preserved in Tibet uh I don't remember the name of North Indians will be knowing this one I don't Rahul s if I remember Rahul Sana he has a particular record he without studying in any modern education system like us was appointed as a university Chancellor in Sri Lanka only because of his knowledge on Indian systems ik and he had made journey to uh Tibet and he collected it and he has kept all those things in Kolkata that is yet to be translated so naturally we don't have to lose our heart many of the things are burnt in Nanda but that are found in different languages Tibet that is lack of awareness we are unable to translate those books not only in Sanskrit but even in Tibet if that has that is translated then not things on astronomy as well as AA will come to light today okay then disconnect or lack of integration with Mod scientific paradig this is what I am telling uh you might have heard the role of Shankar aara in moving all over India there he used one system which is akin to our modern uh proof but Europeans are not ready to accept that one he went to their place had a discussion with them they had a judge with them they have a system and accordingly results are announced but this is not accepted by this modern people and that is why this integration of Indian knowledge system to the modern world is facing lot of difficulty and that is one of the issue and always we are overshadowed by Western this is quite because we stud under Western system and naturally we will be overshadowed by Western thought and there is nothing new in that one so what we have to do is we have to encourage shift in public outl when we conduct more programs like this when we create lot of awareness like this then only we can encourage a shift in public outl similarly we have to encourage the use of time tested knowledge this is quite difficult because uh first we have to practice it only when we practice we can ask our followers or maybe our family members or maybe our students to follow that time tested knowledge so at least today from today onwards we will make a w that we will try to use this uh Indian knowledge system as much as possible and I have left one or two small things here I'll just take one minute for this one and uh there is fragment one of one other issue is fragmentation and loss of knowledge this you know fragmentation is division it has been divided because we have lost a lot of original sources and lot of original sources has been taken away to European countries that knowledge we have lost and that is also an issue with Indian knowledge system and lack of institutional support for Indian knowledge system uh from last one two or three years we find some support from central government but definitely there is oppos in the state level and naturally when we don't get lot of support if you remember during 990s and 80s lot of support were given to women uh empowerment and so a huge purpose of literature was developed in women's studies such support is even needed for eks it has begun actually but that carpus has to come out it has to to come out so if this uh encouragement through institutional support continues naturally from five years from now onwards or maybe 10 years from now onwards we find a lot of carpus on Indian knowledge system and last one is integration with modern science this is what we have to try we as an educated people we have to try that is one of the issues I had earlier mentioned it here disconnect or lack of integration what we have to do is that is also an issue we have to try and connect this Indian knowledge system with modern science okay ma'am next see these are the topic I just take two minutes for this one everybody can read from their own systems these are some of the topics as I told you earlier I will explain only one or two amongst this one there are many other experts who can talk on this one I'm not that much expert in some of this one but definitely I will go through Bata geography of ancient India I will try to talk on arastra because that is my field arastra try I'll try to throw some light on Temple architecture and all other things what I have done is I included it in a particular slide called as science I have brought all the under signs and there I will only give you rudimentary information but with these two or three slides I will give you a slightly higher information but with all the other things I will give you rudimentary information next slide mam please okay this is one thing which has to be kept in mind while this is the major background for Indian knowledge system what I'm going to do is I will give you a brief thought on how this Indian knowledge system was transmitted during ancient times see for this we have to go to pre-islamic Arabia that is first second and third Century Of Arabia this Arabia is not modern Saudi Arabia it includes nowadays it includes seven different kingdoms it was full of uh what you call it as uh desert as as it is today it was also during the time which I'm talking about so naturally only two things are available for them regularly the two things where one is dates and another one is sp as you know only with these two things you cannot survive in a desert therefore they were heavily dependent India was the Border country they were heavily dependent on India for each and everything I made it very clear that that they had contact with ancient Indians and they knew India better than any Indian we Indians had one small defect we are self-sufficient therefore we were not ready to move from number places but for them geography made them to move that is why they became a very good business people at the beginning Arab Arabs were coming to India just to feed their people at the beginning they were dependent on Indian things and they used to come to India collect those things and go back to their country but later on after some generations they understood that they can become what you call it as a businessman so they changed their style at the beginning they used to collect things from India and go back and sit in their place from now onwards Al is they collected more things from India they dumped half of it in their places and the remaining half was taken to the marketplace somewhere in Turkey so their geography there is a very famous statement they say that geography makes man man is molded by the geography of that particular area so these people became a very good businessman and they came to India collected lot of things and they started selling it for Europeans along with this the knowledge of of Indian system went over there but they did one mistake in this particular transformation when they transferred the knowledge they never revealed that it was from India they said that it was their own even Europeans believed this under even in 20th century but recently lot of scientific experiments have been taken place for example when we talk of mathematics zero is the contribution of Indian and we know nowadays because of our social media but Europeans were never ready to accept later on just some two to three years ago a proof was given to them in one inscription from somewhere in Himachal Pradesh I remember properly zero has been written and now they are ready to accept Europeans are ready to accept that zero is the contribution of Indians and now Arabs are termed as carriers of our knowledge so this is what we wanted earlier but it took nearly 4 to 500 years to prove this one that's why I talked of issues in ik So at the medeval during medieval period this Indian knowledge system was carried by Arabs to Europe Europeans learned this one without knowing that it is an Indian system and later on in the second stage okay Madam next slide later on in the second stage what happened is Europeans came to India during medieval period why this particular thing has been stressed by me see I have written one sentence here Al this is the book that he has written this book is an historical text there is no doubt in that one why it is considered as historical text he witnessed all those things he came to India with G Mohamad he witnessed all those things and he wrote it but still it has some defects why because he did not know the language he did not know the Customs he did not understand the body language of people but he did not write it when he was in India he went back and he wrote it he might have maintained a diary here but the final draft was con constructed when when he went back to gazi so keeping all these defects in mind definitely when we use the data which is found in Al we have to be cautious I don't say that it it cannot be used but it has to be taken with a pinch of salt everything what he has written may not be true because he cannot understand it's a cultural shock for him naturally so naturally I don't say that everything is true but now we can understand those things with modern statistical and other methods and we can come to a conclusion nowadays okay now what I'm saying is in that book he has criticized Indians for deficiency in curiosity about history and religion he came to India along with the Invader he enquired lot of people and he says that when I ask something to Indians they start storytelling he did not know that Indians kept history in those stories that is the defect that has been put by European historians in our textbooks and we are reading the same thing since many years as I told you I have mentioned the name of rajam he's not an ordinary person he's a very brilliant engineer and he has left everything and he has now become an indologist now he has propagating this particular theory that it is a paradigm storytelling is a parad of teaching history he has proved it he has written many books and he's now working in a university called as Hindu University in America so naturally he knows the scientific method and we cannot refute his claims that is why I have put this one and to to make you understand the problems I gave how the knowledge was transmitted to Arabs okay now how it was transmitted to Europeans some part of it was provided to Europeans later on during 18th century when Europeans personally came to now they collected lot of information here I I have just mentioned one name Sir William Jones uh he was the one who became the first judge of supreme court at Kolkata and he was well educated he came to India he learned Sanskrit I don't have any objection he learned Sanskrit and he translated AB the whole Europe became mad when they read I I will tell you one I did not I will not go to the details I will tell you only one thing there is no synonym for abana in English even today what is abana abana is reclaiming the Lost knowledge abana the word abana which is the title for the drama you know the CL know the story very well a big bana is reclaiming the knowledge he had that knowledge she had that know sorry the king had that knowledge had that knowledge earlier but he lost it due to something and he could reclaim it later on that one word they could not translate it properly and even today they cannot translate it because they don't have that particular similarly I can give you one more word Dar there is no English synonym to DAR we equate darra with many thing no money no this thing other things but that is not is entirely different in Sans so Astic Society definitely did some good things which was established by S William Jones but naturally half bed knowledge went to Europe okay then what happened there was a technical issue in Europe I have written it later on uh Europe was under constitutional monarchy and every 20 years they were supposed to they were supposed to take permission in their Parliament because was not the ultimate thing Parliament was the ultimate thing they were supposed to take permission to continue their trade in India but Europeans were enlightened common Europeans were enlightened they knew how this East Indian company is uh doing trade within India by exploiting Indians therefore they opposed it in their Parliament when the East India Company faced opposition they could not get the license and therefore they started making false promises to European Parliament to substantiate this false promises they started writing textbooks that is the idea behind that one they wanted to show some proof that is why they brought all these things there is gas difference there is that thing there is this thing Indians are not good they are useless they were the one who first said that in case of Shaka they were the one who first said that during the times of kalidasa itself their knowledge system was so high that nobody could even do it in 18th or 19th century but now they are giving a different information so that their things are processed fast and they even propagated one which I have written it here Providence Theory Providence theory states that Europeans are born to just Rule and make Indians proper this is their Providence that is their lord has given them permission to do this one and even that was accepted and their Charter Act was contined that means they could do business continuously why the problem happened I have given two or three things see they came with a particular mindset they had problems with Indian chronology I have told you I will come to the the last sentence if you read this one you can understand emerence of Indian indologist these people rajam Rim malra they are proving that Indian chronologies given by these European historians is utterly wrong it goes back to more more than thousand years previous so naturally when that happens by that time England was nowhere in existence England the country England was nowhere in existence when ramayana mahabarata happened in India for us ramayana Mahabharata though we considered it as a cultural as well as religious thing it is definitely part of our history it is his it is our history you need not worry about that one so when ramayana and Mahabharata took place this country itself was not in existence how now they can rule during 18th and 19th century was the issue in Europe so naturally when these things happened they started creating false textbooks and false notion with regards to India and their religious belief also did not allow them to put uh Hinduism in a more proper way and upper stage again the racial super racial superiority this racial superiority which began in 18 century was even found until 21st century only due to Modern rules and regulations though they still feel that Europeans are racially Superior they don't speak it openly nowadays so all these things came uh became a handicap for Indians and a wrong as uh I told you as I proved earlier the Arabs had different intention when they gave Indian knowledge system when they transmitted Indian knowledge system similarly when Indian knowledge system was transmitted by these people Europeans into Europe they had different issues the sufferers in both the cases were Indians and that is why we are also suffering now because the same thing has been percolated to now Madam next slide so this is some information regarding the geography of India the ancient Indians had a very good knowledge of our geography the first sentence which I have written is taken from Vishnu purana Vishnu purana is a very old text roughly around 7,000 years ago it gives us the geography you can read it very it is a very easy thing if we have snowy mountain in the north of India in the South we have this thing Sea and the different the land is called as barata and The Descendants are Bara see this much Clear knowledge we have but they are not ready to accept that's why I have selected a stanza from very ancient text okay and we refer it as Jambu Jambu D jumbo you know is one particular fruit I will not talk about it I will talk of has a different meaning a peninsula is also called as usually what we are taught is dwe means it's a island but if it is covered by water on three sides a peninsula like us is also dwe and Indians had this knowledge and that's why we refer to ourselves as Jambu dwe in our ancient text and this is what I was earlier mentioning home of earlier civilization and the same continued civilization nowhere in the world there are very rare examples you go to Egypt you go to China we have civilization today but it is not connected with the ancient civilization but that is not the case in India we are still connected with the ancient civilization you check the recent archaeological evidences that has been uh seen in rakar rakar is somewhere in utar Pradesh and one near madur in Tamil Nadu the same continuous procedures and the same continuous things we are using that's why I particularly use this word called as continuity of the same civilization and sua Sant is a very famous book Scholars among Europeans accept Su Sant as a very famous book but we common Indians do not have the knowledge and even common Europeans don't have this one there the word ball is found for the first time ball means round goal goal means round our word is round so when the whole universe is talking of a different shape to Earth we were talking that Earth was and this is a recent information old Chinese tradition has been extracted now they say that Indians land of wise people they have inable holy book and they have scientific books why this trick things has happened this is the inference not given by me this inference is given by Chinese themselves not today in the old textbook it tells the three things land of VI people they have in in innumerable holy books as well as they have innumerable scientific books this is Possible only because of their geographical condition Indian geography is so much suited that is because of this geography we are called as knowledge capital of the world next slide man' similarly we have the knowledge of topography physiography Flor everything is mentioned uh everything I don't have time because we are coming to the end of the talk that's why I don't want to continue that one some two other things to say that's why we stop it here the thing is each and every Mantra that we recite has this lot of information with regards to floraa Natural Resources even agriculture rud rud mentions everything Goda Goda is beat masura masura is masur everything is mentioned in rud so we have that all accurate knowledge only thing is we have to disseminate it properly so for that we have to learn Sanskrit and other things and we can disseminate it and this is one uh issue that I wanted to discuss we every day we is we mention the name of many rivers now' please go to the next slide see this slide is not mine this is from a French histograph called as D what he has done is he has taken a satellite picture and he has proved this particular NAD suam is true see I will repeat that NAD once again we just go through the name of rivers and another one is ch see without any instruments everything has been written in a proper order this River has subdivisions Riv or something it's called as everything has been mentioned very clearly in our ancient text only thing is as I told you has to be disseminated please come to previous Slide Man another another one no no previous previous then places of ramayana and mahabarata you get innumerable modern Indian text which proves that this ramay and mahabarata this thing has been proved very and places are still in use and purra is the best example a everybody knows I will not talk about that and I I try to spend two minutes on this kalas me meam is a one small written by around 140 stanzas 44 stand 14 there the geography of India is very well established I will just give you a reference I'm not going to explain it there is one General White from unaa who was working in Indian Air Force he has taken a single seat plane Hercules if I remember properly it's Hercules plane and he has followed the route that has been directed by the K that is kalidasa in that me to that d d is the messenger in in this case so it is divided into two things Pura and utga until Pura it is somewhere very near to nor part of sorry southern part of Delhi every place has been mentioned very clearly in UTA there is some issues because UTA refers to kyasa kaasa is a what do you call it as imaginary place as scientifically is an imaginary place for us culturally is different so I can't talk on that UTA but inaa the distance the place the geography topography the Flora the PHA everything has been mentioned by kalidasa very clearly so meam stands as an example of our ancient geographical knowledge next Slide Man please next slide okay arastra arastra is a text written by chak Vish it was not available actually but it was found by one particular curator called as shama shastri he was from a very small village in Karnataka he worked in Oriental Library Oriental library is in my it is established by theava Kings who rule my even today that is there are traditional rulers over there okay there he found that script it was in Moody Sanskrit the older type of Sanskrit and he somehow managed it to translate it into English and later on it was revised after his first thing it was in 1903 and by 1908 he could translate by 1925 we had another copy also now all the parts most of the parts are recovered earlier we had cross references with regard to shastra but now most of the parts are recovered I will tell you only one thing it is compulsory for MBA and other business people to study ARA shastra as well as uh our this G in foreign University but we are not interested in that one I just recommend you because I have gone through the English translation uh for me reading in Sanskrit is not difficult but it will be time consuming I have gone through the English translation whatever I have written in this one is based on my own experience and uh to some extent I'm lucky because I could meet the family members of this shamama shastri are still present in Hassan and Shima there are two small cities they still present there and I could gain some information with regards to his effort so what I'm saying is aastra is relevant even today not only for us for Europeans also in this globalized world but we are neglecting it next slide okay astronomy since the I have no time I will not go through it in detail you know the work of Arya AR it covers many number of things and important important thing here is I will just mention three things he propagate zero was not found by him it was already in use by the time AR was here so he propagated the use of zero and without zero you can understand the modern world Romans had their own system but you know how difficult it is to express a number and you can understand the contribution of zero similarly uh Chandra shastra written by pingala also promoted zero and value of P P value of p is 3.2 something and you know pyas theorem proves that one only and even if you Google today even if you go through any textbook uh Pythagoras is the founder of this theorem and the value of P But the irony of the fact that Pythagoras was taught by Hindu teachers that nobody knows that is the importance of ik and we have to understand these things properly and similarly Hal HELOC centrism this everybody knows everybody was thinking sun was the center and by by the time Galileo came in 14th century they could understand that it was centralism but we had Prov it thousand years earlier itself that Earth rotates around sun you know all those things so I'm not talking about that one formula for area of a triangle Circle algebra tonometry everything and I I try to take one minute on this Hindu almanak those who use this can understand this one time specification in Hindu almanak is very perfect the Gregorian calendar revised many times in many centuries but Hindu almanak was only revised once or twice that is quite natural and we have different systems I was I was in Kashi for many years and there I have seen many different Al manac at the same time and I'm basically being a South Indian we follow a different Almanac and on the same day in Kashi another Almanac is followed but there is no much difference between those two Almanac see how we have integrated various different things but that could not be done by Europeans though they are having only one system and still they have lot of problem they add one particular Day in February you know even in spite of that once in five years everything will be clear so without any modern help of modern instruments our ancient sages have devised all these things very easily next slide AA in fact I wanted to talk about this one but I'm now since the time is uh not sufficient I will leave it but uh I have written it very clearly and I not copied it from anywhere this is what I have experienced that's why I took lot of time in preparing this one you I just request you all the participants to go through this one next Temple architecture I will take just two minutes for this one because this is my subject chra chra aastra and stati stati is an architect one who one who gets a degree in this one monu is expert in this one but the irony is no Indian University will give a stati degree architect degree for Ancient Temple architecture in India I met a lady who is a stati in Madras but she has taken that degree from a Western University that is the problem with us okay we leave that one why I am talking of Temple architecture is this shaastra and a shastra deals with technical knowledge measurement framework everything everything to its perfectness everything is perfect there is geometry there is geography people in Tamil Nadu can relate this one very well because it's a land of temples other people may find it ult to do this one but they can do it okay I have mentioned one textbook name as manasara that was translated by one ramaraj in Tamil Nadu he was one of the descendants of Vijay nagar Empire I read the textbook manasara but it is half three4 translated text but it created lot of curiosity in EUR among Europeans with regards Temple architecture then only Temple architecture became a subject in India okay so I have given the history of Temple architecture earlier it was done in wood and brick later on Rocket temples rocket temples were made use of because durability Factor came into account then we even find sunri bricks recently in harana okay then C temples Rock temples even that is found in mahabalipuram and other places and kaas Temple most of you people know that one I will just tell you one small story two line story with regards to this one it was built by rashak Krishna he fell so one of his wives took a W stating that she would complete a temple of Lord Shiva and then only she will have her food so after he became well it was thought of they thought of constructing a temple but how could you finish a rock Temple within one day but even then announcement was done nobody accepted the challenge later on one architect came and he said that he would complete it within the single day that is how palas Temple came into existence this is a story that has been given to us what is the idea embedded in that particular Story the idea embedded in that particular story is the temple the sorry the construction of the Temple began from the toer part of the so when you start the topper part it is presumed that you have completed that is called as viman of a temple the end of the goam of a temple is called as viman when viman is constructed we say that the temple is over so they wanted to send a clear message that it is a rocket Temple a temple that has been cut from the top to the bottom that message has to be see they talking of a thing which is Supernatural they are not boasting of themselves they saying that they have done a simple thing and they have kept the story very simple but they are successful in passing that embedded message to future generation recently an engineer estimated he's an England engineer he estimated that 50,000 tons of stone might have been cut to create that Temple so assume how with what instruments with what Precision they have cut that much Stone and one more thing no piece of a stone is found very near to the temple where they have put those stones where they have transferred it nobody knows okay that is why Temple and last one the reasons why Temple see for us Temple is a uh what do you call it as religious structure but for ancient Indians Temple was never a religious structure it was a part of their religion I don't I don't repute it but for them it was more than religious thing it was economic Center it was a social Center it was administrative Center and without political support they couldn't have constructed that is why only temples of ancient India is surviving no secular buildings of ancient India is surviving because of the nature of this one we have found AA this thing inscription they shift during 13th century they shift their capital from Al to Bor Al is old capital B is the new capital Al the word itself signifies old capital when they came to the new capital Merchants from that Capital came and met King Vishnu they demanded that government should give a permission to construct a temple but they don't want money from government they ready to provide support money everything only thing is they needed the permission from the king and the King asked why do you need it they said that you when you were in the older that is older Capital you give permission for one tempal that is why it Prosper now we all want Prosper prosperity that is why you give us that is why the new cha Temple both this old one old city that ISU has one Temple and here we have chesa Temple both the temples are now in UNESCO list you just try to assume this one that is why I have written it it is not only the center of religion but is also the economic social administrative and political Center so Temple did not uh uh act as one particular aspect it was multi activity center next slide please science I told you uh since I'll just jump this one I need to some time for the question and answer only one I will there one reference to called as W still there the word OT English word OT has come from U and one more Tam World Yu that itself is a proof that Indian knowledge system was a part of the world earlier okay we'll go to the last slide these are these are the two things one one one gu just a minute this is the recent excavation in Hara site where Dentistry was practiced you can just modern day everybody will be going through this particular procedure root canal that's a common issue nowadays this is the instrument at the top I have pasted it separately that is the instrument which was used for root canal and we have found one tooth made which all has been made by our ancient in uh modern Punjab today okay go to the last slide please this is the conclusion uh so I will not go through I will not read this one at least we will take a w today that we will try to adopt Indian knowledge system in our daily life and I will also say that let us be scientific in that one because that is one of the issues which I discussed earlier why Europeans are not accepting us I don't say that just to uh just to please them we will accept it it is for our benefit that we will accept we will think it in a scientific um we have lot of uh accessibility today and naturally I think we can uh analyze it and we will accept it and we will try to promote it thank you thank you for the opportunity given now the session is open for question and answer I will try to answer the