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Which amino acids are classified as polar and positively charged?
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Lysine (Lys, K), Arginine (Arg, R), and Histidine (His, H).
What roles does tyrosine play in the synthesis of biological compounds?
Tyrosine is involved in the synthesis of Thyroxine, Melanin, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, and Dopamine.
What distinguishes the L and D forms of amino acids?
The L and D forms are based on their configuration relative to glyceraldehyde. L-amino acids are found in biological proteins, whereas D-amino acids are found in brain tissues.
Which amino acids are classified as sulfur-containing?
Cysteine (Cys, C) and Methionine (Met, M).
What disorder is associated with defects in the metabolism of phenylalanine?
Phenylketonuria.
What amino acids are considered essential and not synthesized by the body?
Phenylalanine, Valine, Tryptophan, Threonine, Isoleucine, Methionine, Histidine, Arginine, Leucine, Lysine (PVT TIM HALL).
Name the amino acids that are aromatic in nature.
Phenylalanine (Phe, F), Tyrosine (Tyr, Y), and Tryptophan (Trp, W).
What amino acids have hydroxy groups in their side chains?
Serine (Ser, S), Threonine (Thr, T), and Tyrosine (Tyr, Y).
Identify a standard amino acid with an aliphatic side chain.
Examples include Glycine (Gly, G), Alanine (Ala, A), Valine (Val, V), Leucine (Leu, L), and Isoleucine (Ile, I).
What is a significant function of glutamic acid in the body?
Glutamic acid is a precursor for the neurotransmitter GABA.
Which amino acids are both glucogenic and ketogenic?
Phenylalanine, Isoleucine, Tyrosine, and Tryptophan.
Which amino acids play a role in the synthesis of purine bases?
Glycine, Glutamic acid, and Aspartic acid.
What are the structural components of an amino acid?
An amino acid consists of an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), a hydrogen atom, and a side chain (R) attached to the same alpha carbon.
What condition is due to a defect in the catabolism of tyrosine leading to dark urine?
Alkaptonuria.
Which amino acids are classified as polar and negatively charged?
Aspartic acid (Asp, D) and Glutamic acid (Glu, E).
Name the amino acids required for the synthesis of creatine.
Glycine, Arginine, and Methionine.
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