SSC CGL History Quick Revision Guide

Aug 1, 2024

SSC CGL Quick Revision Session - History Overview

Introduction

  • Speaker: Abhishek Suman
  • Objective: Quick revision session for SSC CGL focusing on History and Polity.

Indian History Overview

  • Divided into three major parts:
    1. Ancient India (рдкреНрд░рд╛рдЪреАрди рднрд╛рд░рдд)
    2. Medieval India (рдордзреНрдпрдХрд╛рд▓реАрди рднрд╛рд░рдд)
    3. Modern India (рдЖрдзреБрдирд┐рдХ рднрд╛рд░рдд)

Ancient India (рдкреНрд░рд╛рдЪреАрди рднрд╛рд░рдд)

  • Subdivisions:
    1. Prehistoric Period (рдкреНрд░рд╛рдЧреИрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд┐рдХ рдХрд╛рд▓)
    2. Protohistoric Period (рдЖрджреНрдп рдРрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд┐рдХ рдХрд╛рд▓)
    3. Historic Period (рдРрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд┐рдХ рдХрд╛рд▓)

Prehistoric Period (рдкреНрд░рд╛рдЧреИрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд┐рдХ рдХрд╛рд▓)

  • Stone Age (рдкрд╛рд╖рд╛рдг рдпреБрдЧ): Divided into three periods:
    1. Paleolithic (рдкреБрд░рд╛ рдкрд╛рд╖рд╛рдг рдХрд╛рд▓): Characterized by the discovery of fire and tools.
    2. Mesolithic (рдордзреНрдп рдкрд╛рд╖рд╛рдг рдХрд╛рд▓): Domestication of animals and smaller tools.
    3. Neolithic (рдирд╡рдкрд╛рд╖рд╛рдг рдХрд╛рд▓): Beginning of agriculture, settlements, and invention of the wheel.
  • Metal Age (рдзрд╛рддреБ рдпреБрдЧ): Divided into Copper Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age.
  • Significant sites: Soan River Valley, Belan River Valley, Narmada River Valley, Bhimbetka.

Protohistoric Period (рдЖрджреНрдп рдРрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд┐рдХ рдХрд╛рд▓)

  • Indus Valley Civilization (рд╕рд┐рдВрдзреБ рдШрд╛рдЯреА рд╕рднреНрдпрддрд╛): Urban civilization known for town planning and drainage systems.
  • Major sites: Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Dholavira, Lothal, Kalibangan.
  • Decline: Around 1750 BCE due to floods.

Historic Period (рдРрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд┐рдХ рдХрд╛рд▓)

  • Vedic Period (рд╡реИрджрд┐рдХ рдХрд╛рд▓): 1500 BCE to 600 BCE, divided into Rigvedic and Later Vedic periods.
  • Literature: Vedas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas, Upanishads.
  • 16 Mahajanapadas (рдорд╣рд╛рдЬрдирдкрдж): Political entities before the rise of Buddhism and Jainism.
  • Buddhism and Jainism: Founded by Gautama Buddha and Mahavira respectively.

Medieval India (рдордзреНрдпрдХрд╛рд▓реАрди рднрд╛рд░рдд)

  • Beginning: 712 CE with the Arab invasion by Muhammad bin Qasim.
  • Delhi Sultanate (рджрд┐рд▓реНрд▓реА рд╕рд▓реНрддрдирдд): Five dynasties
    1. Slave Dynasty (рдЧреБрд▓рд╛рдо рд╡рдВрд╢)
    2. Khilji Dynasty (рдЦрд┐рд▓рдЬреА рд╡рдВрд╢)
    3. Tughlaq Dynasty (рддреБрдЧрд▓рдХ рд╡рдВрд╢)
    4. Sayyid Dynasty (рд╕реИрдпрдж рд╡рдВрд╢)
    5. Lodi Dynasty (рд▓реЛрджреА рд╡рдВрд╢)
  • Major Events:
    • Arab Invasion (рдЕрд░рдмреЛрдВ рдХрд╛ рдЖрдХреНрд░рдордг)
    • Turkish Invasions (рддреБрд░реНрдХ рдЖрдХреНрд░рдордг)
    • Establishment of Delhi Sultanate
  • Prominent Rulers: Qutb-ud-din Aibak, Iltutmish, Razia Sultan, Balban, Alauddin Khilji, Muhammad bin Tughlaq, Firoz Shah Tughlaq.

Mughal Empire (рдореБрдЧрд▓ рд╕рд╛рдореНрд░рд╛рдЬреНрдп)

  • Established by Babur in 1526 post First Battle of Panipat.
  • Prominent Rulers:
    1. Babur
    2. Humayun
    3. Akbar
    4. Jahangir
    5. Shah Jahan
    6. Aurangzeb

Modern India (рдЖрдзреБрдирд┐рдХ рднрд╛рд░рдд)

  • Beginning: 1707 CE after the death of Aurangzeb.
  • Later Mughals: Bahadur Shah I to Bahadur Shah II (Bahadur Shah Zafar).
  • European Invasions: Arrival of Europeans - Portuguese, Dutch, British, Danish, French.
  • British East India Company: Establishment in 1600, major influence post Battle of Plassey (1757) and Battle of Buxar (1764).
  • 1857 Revolt (1857 рдХрд╛ рд╡рд┐рджреНрд░реЛрд╣): Major uprising against British rule.
  • Social and Religious Reform Movements (рд╕рд╛рдорд╛рдЬрд┐рдХ рдФрд░ рдзрд╛рд░реНрдорд┐рдХ рд╕реБрдзрд╛рд░ рдЖрдВрджреЛрд▓рди): 19th century reforms by Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Swami Vivekananda, etc.
  • Indian National Movement: Foundation of Congress in 1885, leading to Independence in 1947.
  • Prominent Leaders: Gandhi, Nehru, Patel.

Conclusion

  • HistoryтАЩs quick revision encompassing Ancient, Medieval, and Modern India.
  • Encouragement to study in detail for better understanding and success in exams.