SSC CGL Quick Revision Session - History Overview

Introduction

• Speaker: Abhishek Suman
• Objective: Quick revision session for SSC CGL focusing on History and Polity.

Indian History Overview

• Divided into three major parts:
  1. Ancient India (प्राचीन भारत)
  2. Medieval India (मध्यकालीन भारत)
  3. Modern India (आधुनिक भारत)

Ancient India (प्राचीन भारत)

• Subdivisions:
  1. Prehistoric Period (प्रागैतिहासिक काल)
  2. Protohistoric Period (आद्य ऐतिहासिक काल)
  3. Historic Period (ऐतिहासिक काल)

Prehistoric Period (प्रागैतिहासिक काल)

• Stone Age (पाषाण युग): Divided into three periods:
  1. Paleolithic (पुरा पाषाण काल): Characterized by the discovery of fire and tools.
  2. Mesolithic (मध्य पाषाण काल): Domestication of animals and smaller tools.
  3. Neolithic (नवपाषाण काल): Beginning of agriculture, settlements, and invention of the wheel.
• Metal Age (धातु युग): Divided into Copper Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age.
• Significant sites: Soan River Valley, Belan River Valley, Narmada River Valley, Bhimbetka.

Protohistoric Period (आद्य ऐतिहासिक काल)

• Indus Valley Civilization (सिंधु घाटी सभ्यता): Urban civilization known for town planning and drainage systems.
• Major sites: Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Dholavira, Lothal, Kalibangan.
• Decline: Around 1750 BCE due to floods.

Historic Period (ऐतिहासिक काल)

• Vedic Period (वैदिक काल): 1500 BCE to 600 BCE, divided into Rigvedic and Later Vedic periods.
• Literature: Vedas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas, Upanishads.
• 16 Mahajanapadas (महाजनपद): Political entities before the rise of Buddhism and Jainism.
• Buddhism and Jainism: Founded by Gautama Buddha and Mahavira respectively.

Medieval India (मध्यकालीन भारत)

• Beginning: 712 CE with the Arab invasion by Muhammad bin Qasim.
• Delhi Sultanate (दिल्ली सल्तनत): Five dynasties
  1. Slave Dynasty (गुलाम वंश)
  2. Khilji Dynasty (खिलजी वंश)
  3. Tughlaq Dynasty (तुगलक वंश)
  4. Sayyid Dynasty (सैयद वंश)
  5. Lodi Dynasty (लोदी वंश)
• Major Events:
  • Arab Invasion (अरबों का आक्रमण)
  • Turkish Invasions (तुर्क आक्रमण)
  • Establishment of Delhi Sultanate
• Prominent Rulers: Qutb-ud-din Aibak, Iltutmish, Razia Sultan, Balban, Alauddin Khilji, Muhammad bin Tughlaq, Firoz Shah Tughlaq.

Mughal Empire (मुगल साम्राज्य)

• Established by Babur in 1526 post First Battle of Panipat.
• Prominent Rulers:
  1. Babur
  2. Humayun
  3. Akbar
  4. Jahangir
  5. Shah Jahan
  6. Aurangzeb

Modern India (आधुनिक भारत)

• Beginning: 1707 CE after the death of Aurangzeb.
• Later Mughals: Bahadur Shah I to Bahadur Shah II (Bahadur Shah Zafar).
• European Invasions: Arrival of Europeans - Portuguese, Dutch, British, Danish, French.
• British East India Company: Establishment in 1600, major influence post Battle of Plassey (1757) and Battle of Buxar (1764).
• 1857 Revolt (1857 का विद्रोह): Major uprising against British rule.
• Social and Religious Reform Movements (सामाजिक और धार्मिक सुधार आंदोलन): 19th century reforms by Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Swami Vivekananda, etc.
• Indian National Movement: Foundation of Congress in 1885, leading to Independence in 1947.
• Prominent Leaders: Gandhi, Nehru, Patel.

Conclusion

• History’s quick revision encompassing Ancient, Medieval, and Modern India.
• Encouragement to study in detail for better understanding and success in exams.