Introduction to Federal System

Jul 25, 2024

Political Science - Federal System

Chapter Introduction

  • Teacher's Name: Rahul Jain
  • Class: 10th
  • Subject: Federal Reserve

What is a Federal System?

  • Federalism: A governance system where power is distributed.
  • Elements:
    • Central Government
    • State Government
    • Local Government
  • Federal System in India: No separation in India; maintaining unity and diversity is essential.

Characteristics of Federal Government

  • Distribution of Power: Certain special powers are given to the Central Government.
  • Federal vs. Unitary Government:
    • Unitary Government has only one level of government.
    • Federal Government has two or more levels (Central and State).
  • Control of Power:
    • In Unitary, the Central Government holds all the power.
    • In Federal, power is shared.
  • Examples:
    • Federal System in India and the USA.

Types of Federalism

  1. Coming Together Federalism:
    • Small states coming together.
    • Example: Switzerland, Australia.
  2. Holding Together Federalism:
    • Distribution of power in large countries.
    • Example: India, Belgium, Spain.

Federal Structure of India

  • Distribution of Power:
    • According to the Constitution, there are Central, State, and Concurrent lists.
    • Union List: Only Central Government.
    • State List: Only State Government.
    • Concurrent List: Both governments can work together.

Challenges and Issues

  • Formation of States based on Language:
    • Post-independence inquiry into the centralized system.
    • Forming states based on language demands.
  • Language Policy:
    • No national language in India.
    • Hindi has the status of an official language.
    • 22 other languages included in the Constitution.

Decentralization of India

  • Local Government:
    • Distribution of power between central and state governments as needed.
  • Types:
    1. Rural Local Government
      • Gram Panchayat
    2. Urban Local Government
      • Municipality groups
      • These are for cities.

Conclusion

  • Federal System of India:
    • Good relations between the center and the state are important.
    • Many safeguards for change in the Constitution.

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