The Filipino Uprisings Before 1872

• Revolts: Gabriela Silang, Palaris Revolt, Tamdut Revolt
  • Various revolts but separate, thus defeated.

Tradition of Struggle

• Religious Orientation: Bangkaw (Leyte), Sumuroy (Samar), Tapar (Panay)
  • Babaylan or children of babaylan wanting to return to the old religion.
  • Hermano Pulig (Cofradia de San Jose)
    • 1841: Crushed by the Spanish.
    • 1843: Regiment of Tayabas revolted.

Secularization and Resistance to Spanish

• Pedro Pelaez: Pioneer of secularization.
• Carlos Maria de la Torre: Liberal Governor-General (1869-1871)
  • Brought about changes.

Monarchy and Conservatism

• Rafael Desquierdo: Strict Governor.
  • Disliked liberals.

Effect of Liberalism in Europe

• Collapse of the Galleon Trade
• Galleon Trade: Spanish monopoly, cut off when Mexico gained independence.
• Opening to World Trade (1834)
  • Steam engine
  • Opening of the Suez Canal (1869)

Entry of Ideas

• Liberal Ideas from Europe
  • Voltaire, French Revolution, American Revolution, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, John Locke
• Advancement of Education

Spain and the Colonies

• Only four colonies left: Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines (1872)

Babaylan and Friars

• Respect for Friars: Replaced the babaylan

Friars and Power

• Friars in the Philippines: Had political and financial power.
• Abuse by Some: Due to racial aspect against the Indios.

Secularization

• Council of Trent: There should be division of labor.
  • Regular: Mission work, Secular: Parishes

Example of Friars' Abuse

• Many Bandits and Outlaws: Land grabbing in Cavite.

Mariano Gomez

• Secular Priest: From Santa Cruz, Manila
  • Community worker in Bacoor

Jacinto Zamora

• From Pandacan, Manila
  • Served various parishes.

Jose Burgos

• Known Liberal: Public life
  • Close to higher-ups of the church.

Gumbursa

• Execution of Three Priests (Feb 17, 1872)
  • Gomez, Burgos, Zamora
  • Accused as masterminds of the Cavite Mutiny

Cavite Mutiny (January 20, 1872)

• Soldiers' uprising against the Spanish
  • Reaction of the Filipino workers

Execution and Movement

Execution of the Three Priests

• Mock Trial
• Garrote Execution: Execution by strangulation

Impact on History

• Propaganda Movement Mobilization
  • Inspiration for subsequent generations of revolutionaries.