AP World History Units 5 and 6 Lecture Notes

Introduction

• Final days of review: 6 days/nights until the AP World History exam
• Focus on Units 5 and 6 tonight

Unit 5: The Modern Period

Key Themes

• Politics: Enlightenment and Revolutions
• Economics: Industrial Revolution

Enlightenment Philosophers

• Applied logic and reason to government and societal issues
• Major Ideas
  • Natural Rights: Rights people are born with, advocated by John Locke
  • Social Contract: Governments exist based on the consent of the governed, discussed by philosophers like John Locke and Rousseau
  • Nationalism: Nations (people with common goals, history, culture) should self-govern

Important Philosophers/Influencers

• Emmanuel Kant: Advocated for leaving a self-imposed state of immaturity (enlightenment)
• John Locke: Natural rights, social contract
• Adam Smith: Capitalism, laissez-faire economics
• Karl Marx: Communism, workers' rights

Suffrage and Reform Movements

• Suffrage: The right to vote
  • Important milestones: New Zealand first to grant women rights to vote in 1893
• Expansion of rights due to Enlightenment ideas
  • End of chattel slavery in the US and serfdom in Russia (1860s)

Political Revolutions

• Driven by Enlightenment and nationalistic ideas
• American Revolution (1776): Declaration of Independence
• Haitian Revolution: Successful slave revolt
• Latin American Revolutions: Led by figures like Simón Bolívar

Revolutionary Documents

• American Declaration of Independence: Blueprint for future revolutions
• Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen: French revolutionary document
• Letter from Jamaica: Bolívar’s plea for support in Latin American independence

Industrial Revolution

• Began in Great Britain due to unique <conditions>
  • Access to coal and iron
  • Political stability
  • Large workforce
  • Strong financial markets
• Key advancements:
  • Factory System: Specialization of labor, faster production
  • Steam Engine: Powered machinery, trains, and ships
  • Internal Combustion Engine: Precursor to modern engines

Spread of Industrialization

• From Britain to rest of Europe and the world
  • Caused a decline in traditional industries
  • Rise of factory system globally

State-Sponsored Industrialization

• Government-led initiatives to catch up with Western industrial powers
• Meiji Restoration in Japan: Rapid industrialization and modernization
• Transnational businesses and capitalism

Economic Theories

• Adam Smith: Free markets, competition will regulate economy
• Karl Marx: Workers should control the means of production, communism as an alternative to capitalism

Effects of Industrialization

• Urbanization: Growth of cities globally
• Social Structure changes:
  • Rise of middle class and industrial working class
  • Changes in gender roles, family structures
• Labor unions and reform movements

Unit 6: Consequences of Industrialization

Imperialism

• Industrialized nations expanded their empires for resources and markets

Justifications for Imperialism

• Social Darwinism: Survival of the fittest applied to societies
• Civilizing Mission: Europeans believed they were bringing civilization to 'backward' people

Methods of Expansion

• Warfare and Diplomacy: Berlin Conference divided Africa without African input
• Settler Colonies: Permanent European settlements in places like Australia and New Zealand
• Economic Imperialism: Domination through economic means without direct political control

Resistance to Imperialism

• Túpac Amaru II: Revolt in Peru against Spanish control
• Nana Asma’u: Led resistance against British West Africa
• Mangal Pandey: Sepoy Mutiny in India
• Chinese Resistance: Opium Wars, Taiping Rebellion, Boxer Rebellion

Economic Impact

• Creation of export economies focused on providing raw materials to imperial powers
• Search for resources like rubber, palm oil, guano

Migration

• Industrialization led to migration to cities for work
• Push Factors: Wars, oppression, economic hardship (e.g., China’s Century of Humiliation)
• Pull Factors: Demand for labor in industrializing nations
• Ethnic Enclaves: Immigrants settled in communities maintaining their culture
• Racial Prejudice: Immigrants often faced discrimination

Conclusion

• Review the DBQ walkthrough provided for better understanding of exam format
• Focus on understanding key concepts rather than memorizing details to prepare effectively for the exam.