Overview
This lecture covers analysis strategies for A Level English 9093 Paper 1, focusing on understanding genres, audience, purpose, form, structure, and language—especially for advertisements, brochures, and leaflets.
Paper 1 Structure & Question Types
- Paper 1 has Section A and B; Question 1 has A and B parts (text analysis and comparison).
- Question 2 focuses on detailed text analysis.
- Understanding the difference between literary devices (overall techniques) and figures of speech (specific language choices) is crucial.
Literary Devices vs. Figures of Speech
- Literary devices include all techniques used to create effect, such as imagery, symbolism, foreshadowing.
- Figures of speech are specific uses of language, e.g., simile, metaphor, hyperbole, personification.
- Both tools influence how meaning and emotion are conveyed.
Analyzing Genre, Audience, Tone, and Purpose
- Genre: Type of text (e.g., speech, article, diary, advert).
- Audience: Who the text is intended for (age, background, familiarity).
- Tone/Register: Formal or informal style depending on context.
- Purpose: What the text aims to do—inform, persuade, praise, criticize, etc.
Rhetorical Appeals: Logos, Ethos, Pathos
- Logos: Logical appeal; clear, catchy statements or facts.
- Ethos: Credibility; statistics, names, or references to support claims.
- Pathos: Emotional appeal; evokes reader’s feelings, positive or negative.
Form, Structure, and Language
- Form: How the text is presented (layout, sentence length, use of dialogue, ellipses, and perspective).
- Structure: Organization (introduction, development, comparison/contrast, shifts, pace, type of ending).
- Language: Use of grammar, figures of speech, sentence variation, and reinforcement of ideas.
Comparative Analysis Approach
- Interweave analysis when comparing texts in Question 1B.
- Structure comparison essays by paragraph: form, structure, language, then conclusion.
Advertisement Analysis
- Ads use persuasive writing to promote products, services, or ideas.
- Form uses visual imagery (not actual images) and memorable slogans.
- Structure includes clear headlines, short sentences, bullet points, and calls to action.
- Language employs powerful adjectives, descriptive language, repetition, and rhetorical questions.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Literary Device — Technique used to produce a specific effect (e.g., imagery, foreshadowing).
- Figure of Speech — Specific expressions like simile, metaphor, or hyperbole.
- Genre — The category or type of text.
- Audience — Intended reader or listener.
- Tone/Register — The attitude or formal/informal style.
- Purpose — Intended outcome (persuade, inform, etc.).
- Logos — Logical or factual appeal.
- Ethos — Credibility or authority.
- Pathos — Emotional appeal.
- Form — Physical and visible features of the text.
- Structure — How the text is organized.
- Ellipsis — Omission shown as "...".
- Cyclical Ending — Conclusion that reflects the text’s beginning.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Write genre-specific notes for advertisements, brochures, and leaflets on separate pages.
- Include form, structure, and language devices for each genre.
- Prepare to analyze sample questions using these frameworks for next session.