my yoube family today's session is going to be all about a levs English 9093 course code paper one reading strands and we will be discussing the first three strands through these notes which are quite useful and ready in front of you this is basically paper one section A and B all right so now we are you know towards the end of the a level's English practice and you know like almost halfway done with the practice so I have a sample question question in front of me so as to explain you that how you can use these notes to embed them in these questions and you know make your answer more effective and impressive and also use the language which the writer wants you to use so to get you know a better grade right this is a sample question this is an autobiography which is of us bold you guys have already done this the students who have joined and are with me they they have you know already done this question A and B part and you are quite familiar with all these two right so far we have practiced lots of strands of section A and B both so you guys are quite familiar with this if I'm not wrong right yes M all right so how do you write or analyze the following genres for paper one question number ab and question number two because in question number one we have AB Parts as must and question number two is the text analysis one in paper one right the key difference between literary devices and figure of speeches uh is that the literary device involve all literary elements in a literary work while the figures of speech mainly involve language and style of a literary work right this is a huge difference you need to understand that literary devic are ways these are just the ways the tax tactics the devices an author uses to have a specific effect on their audience all right we cannot confuse the literary devices with the figures of speech fig of speeches are the similes metaphors hyperbole you know these are all the examples of figurative languages figure of speech and figurative languages are quite you know same they are similar but which can be used by authors literary devices include the use of figurative language like foreshadowing these are the techniques which are being used in the literary devices like foreshadowing illusion right and many more so figurative language is just one type of literary device it is a type of literary device which we known which we call as figurative language right so these are the subtypes of literary devices mainly the main subhe head you can say the main head is the literary device if we are using the devices it means we are using the ways we are using the tactics which the author has used in his text to have a specific effect and we will be picking that effect and explain it and with our reasoning right okay literary devices and figures of speech are both tools used by writers to create a more engaging and effective text right so we are already familiar with these literary devices uh that the writer used to convey meaning and it is basically to create a particular mood or evoke certain emotions in the reader I'm sure you guys are quite familiar with these literary devices imagery symbolism for shadowing right yes all right on the other hand if we talk about you know the figures of speech so these are the figures of speech like when we are talking when we in a speech when we are talking we conversating with each other so we need some you know um language jargons those language jargons are known as the figures of speech figures of speech means this whole phrase figures of speech means is when we are talking we need such kind of you know words in our conversation as well well that is known as a figure of speech like let's suppose we are comparing and that's genuine we we do compare sometimes by using like or as so that's a simile her hair was as black as night and you know anything when we are using like or as when we are comparing two people so it is we are using simil metaphor is when we are comparing but not using like and as right he was a lion on the battlefield it it's not true that he was a loyon but we are comparing him with a lion on the battlefield because maybe he was you know playing very well or running very fast or you know doing something quite good or maybe fighting very well hyperb hyperb is an exaggeration I've told you a million times to clean your room something which you have just told twice or Thrice you said that million times this is known as a exaggeration right hyperb so we have already basically the literary devices are like like something that will affect your text and like the audience maybe influence the audience or something but exactly the figurative speech is something that is included in your text or something right yes figures of speech is going to be in your text it's included in your text and uh let no even the literary devices are also in your text even the literary devices are also in your text so main difference is that the literary devices are in your text the imagery is there the symbolism is there but you have to uh use the figurative language so you told the opposite thing but I'm telling you like you have to use the figurative language in your writing but sometimes yes in some of the text they have used the literary devices and the figures of speech both right when sometimes I you know in question number one a b part they say you to just you know uh um compare and contrast the language the writer has used and what you know effect has it on you let's suppose so you are when you are analyzing the language and even in the text analysis you have to find out where the writer has use the figures of speech so you have at that time at that time when you are pointing out the you know language so then you have to point out the literary devices too you have to point out the figures of speech to right this imagery symbolism foreshadowing technique even the simile metaphor hyperb personification even these terms can also be used in the uh you know text so you have to point it out I'm just talking about paper one right now just paper one I'm not going to paper two paper two is an entire different game right it's an entire extended writing that needs you know to use the figurative language but right now I'm talking about paper one in which if the writer has used already these Dev so you have to point them out okay M fine moving on towards the structure and language with regard to your genre audience tone and purpose these are quite important thing so genre this is the main example of genre I speak genr are whether it's a speech it's a diary writing it's an article blog it's an advertisement letter podcast which genre is it right and audience are the what is the age of the audience for which audience are you writing it for the young audience are you writing it for the mature audience or the audience for familiar with it already this topic or it's an hierarchy level you're writing for or maybe it's you know the government you're talking about maybe are are these the politicians you're talking about so what kind of audiences you are Etc means audiences could be any into it right and when we talk about the tone it means it's a register register and tone means the same tone is the synonym of the register means is it is the tone formal or informal got it and then we move on to towards the purpose so purpose we have already talked about whether it's to persuade to convince or inform or to praise somebody or somebody or to you know uh critique you know or or to do criticism you know that's that's a purpose are you criticizing somebody or you are highlighting the uh critique point of view so then it's me it means that you are uh explaining your purpose in the right Manner and purpose goes always in the introduction so how do you achieve this you use the logos logical you know obvious and clear kind of sentences EOS means something which uh you know you have already studied about you are going to mention the exact statistics or the person whom you're talking about you know the name of so it means you're giving the credibility to it so it's ethos logos ethos and pthos pthos are the emotive responses whether it's a positive or A negative purpose right what is the purpose of the text are they highlighting the positive side or the negative side right so so far you guys are quite you know familiar with all these form structure and language C genre audience genre audience tone and purpose are you clear with these three things these four things uh yes Miss but I didn't understand the logos and the EOS logos are basically you know when you write the clear and catchy Line logo when we talk about the logo in graphic designing so what is a logo the logo of any brand which gives us a clear picture that okay now this is going to be the brand about so even in the introduction when you're logos are quite clear like your hook your catchy the first line so it is going to be clear and obvious so then it means that you have achieved your task you have achieved your purpose right it is in other words logos are all those symbols and Designs you know which identify the actual company or organization but here in English when we are writing a purpose in purpose the logos are the first you know catchy line it could be any figurative line right it could name it could be the title even and what about EOS the EOS are you know those statistics like um you know if they are mentioning the number of people the number of uh you know attacks happen in that if they're talking about you know any earthquake so statistics the number number of things and if even ethos also is that thing that if the like the name of the person youan bolt is mentioned over there you will be naming that person in it it's ethos it means you are giving a credibility you are using an exact statistic you are exact exactly using the name and giving the reference of something so these are the ethos you are not you know uh you know using the other way around words to just deviate the reader or the you know examiner right I can even send you the uh English identification of that ethos to I have it with me in the word form I can share it with you but that's quite easy it's like a character it's it could be an atmosphere it could be anything which we are specifically right okay then we move on towards the form structure and language as I always told you that you know please uh write down the form structure and language but what you have to do is that you are you you are always fting with you know opening up the marking scheme to check the form structure language but right now the things which I made for you and I'm giving you right now here and you can see on screen this is a clear reflection of you have to mention in every paper in every paper you have to maintain the form like this the structure like this and the language like this got it if you just take a picture of this form structure and language and if you have all all these things in your you know paper like not all of course but the major parts of the form structure and language you are analyzing then it means you are achieving the task you can easily get FKS because the when you are analyzing the form through the form structure and language the text you're analyzing the text to the form structure and language it means you are achieving the task okay now tell me and read out uh if you are unable to understand anything from this form structure and language yes rwan read out the form and then the structure ask me questions just ask where you get stuck you are free to ask anything from it yes please give a reading what is a form I will I read it out loud yeah exactly okay so the form is how the text is presented on the page uh literally how the text appeals to the audience for its purpose and its tone and register uh so basically what it means is like how the like the text you write or is like formed and exactly how the text is presented on the paper and if it is appealing for the audience or for someone who is reading or is it is it identifying the clear audience or not yes yes and then how the text reflects to the characteristics rules of the genre example addresses in letters yes when you're writing a letter you have to add the address the addresses means that you are you know addressing to someone you are using the salutations there's a proper pattern which I'm going to share with you right now if you are mentioning that it means that you are following the exact genre you are you know uh following the even correct characteristics of the yre yes move on single line or short sentences that also comes in form it's like how you write it's if you whether chose to write short sentences or single line sentences that's and then comes eles ellipses yes removing part of the text why I didn't me I didn't understand this one the ellipses are all those you know dashes the hyphens you have you seen those dashes which are being mentioned in these are yes yes yes this comes under the punctuations even yes yeah and comes then then comes the dialogues that comes under quotation marks if any anyone from the text or someone mentioned anything earlier we could put that there okay ellipses are all those you know dots as well something when you have you seen that ellipses are somewhere used in the text when the writer continues the sentence with the dot dot dot dot dot yes he put the dot dot dot and it means means that it it actually indicates that an opion an Omission or an incomplete thought is there but you need to identify what's that right you will suggest then what is left on set all right yes yeah and then comes dialogu it's like a personal perspective yes it's I think the ones that comes on the quotation marks if a character has mentioned anything and you put it there for like a perspective or reference or something like that exactly perfect perfect very good if we talk about the structure how the text fits together like a jigsaw yes Abdullah abdah is listen yes what how the text fit fits together like a jigsaw okay listen it's basically an introduction like a hook or a catchy title which there the development is going to be of tone theme what does the journey look like from start to finish and the contrast is is there Jos between different elements of the text what is justos just opposing things I've already shared lots of notes and we have discussed about this you know ter just position and um we've studied that what is that even it's telling you in this line too just position means like comparison comparison the contrast comparison you know the fact of two things being you know seen or placed close together it's basically when you are comparing so you have to use this duxter position right and when you are uh talking about the structure okay you talked about the introduction what was the intro about was it hooked and was the title caty what was the development of the tone right the tone the theme what was the theme about you will talk about each and everything when you're talking about the structure this comes under the structure and comparison is there any comparison happening in this text or is the ti writer taking any shifts in it is there any InFocus or Topic in tee there is he uh mentioning the thoughts external or internal thoughts are these public thoughts or political discussion what is it what kind of shifts the writer is taking you will be talking about this comes under the structure please keep and what is the pace of the writer right how quickly the text progresses is it fast or are these short paragraphs or there is more action or dialogue or it's quite slow and long paragraphs kind of never ending sentences you know so you have to mention these terms these are the language jog which you're going to mention in your written expression to analyze the text while using this form structure and language then you will be able to take marks right achieve marks and then the ending yes whether the writer has done the ending conclusive or non-conclusive all right or is there any call to action or a cyclical uh you know ending what kind of ending is it quite clear ending so anything which I what does mean by cyclical ending cyclical means something you know which is uh you know which is redundant something like redundant you know which are um this the things which are described that are regularly patterned like for example if the writer has mentioned the whole whole text cruxs in the conclusion right and he is like the root the root of the silicle is the cycle right is he following the whole cycle of the text silicle means is he following the whole cycle of the text in the conclusion or not or the conclusion is the other way around a completely new thing right the conclusion should be cyclical like maybe it is um adding all that circular pattern you know text into it or it's just giving you the information about the new thing about that topic is it hitting actually the keywords of the question or not right so you if I do a cyclical ending uh is it does it come as repetitive because you already had mentioned the earlier it could be repetitive but it should be a new sentence a thought a thought could be same but a sentence the way of presentation should be new not the repetition of the sentences you can cannot repeat the sentences you can repeat the same thought in the conclusion the thought which is which you have already mentioned you can reinforce that thought in the conclusion but you cannot repeat the same sentence ever in in your entire sentence in your entire you know written expression this thing should be in your mind that you cannot repeat right okay if we talk about the language leges you know the figures of speech the grammar sending this is the reinforcement today I'm doing for you guys so you can be quite clear that you know these are the things which we have to must mention in paper 1 AB part or in text analysis clear so this this session was like you know an informative session like you guys don't get confused after it that what we have to write and what we not have to write what to do and what not to do while scenario will not come into you you know you won't be like uh Shakespeare's characters so this is how you have to go about the meth if you have read best you better know what to do and what not to do okay then you have this audience purpose tone genre CA you have this form structure language clear and you have to mention all these uh eight things in your written expression in paper one a andb in the text analysis got it so far so good and one more thing when we are comparing the things you know comparative analysis when we comparing text andb make sure you intervene them and not look at them separately text A and B should go you know hand in hand let's suppose if there are two texts mentioned let's suppose if they have mentioned the two text but now they just give us you know the one text for it and then there is text B another text for the you know a new question but let's suppose if they give us you know two texts for question number one so then you have to intervene them right when you are comparing got it otherwise they just give you one text it means that you have to do okay so comparative analysis essay sample so this comparison is about you know and I I am not going to take this comparison for text A and B I will be talking about the comparison the way you used to write the question number one a part and then you have to write the B part and you compare uh in the B part you compare your thing with the writer's text got it so when you are doing that one comparison so your comparative analysis should be according to this form structure structure and language language like this you know they should be paragraphing like this that first the form then the structure paragraph two then paragraph three is going to be the structure then the language used again the language discussed with the new uh shifts of the sentence structure variation right and then the conclusion this is how you'll go about okay now now these are the things you need to be you know questioning yourself that how do I analyze advertisements brochures leaflets editorials you know there are lots of things articles reviews blogs and then investigative Journal journalism anything could be a part of your this May June paper so what you need to do is that you need to today we will be doing the first three things we will be talking about the advertisements that what are important in the advertis what you have to must use in them right this is the whole you know uh you can say different ways to like compare or compare the advertisements brochure leaflets like different ways for each one of them yes a little slight difference a slight difference in each one of them we need to just take out okay now this is the only point when the advertis will come we have to just you know change our tone according to it and when the leaflets will come we have to you know put the headings the give the subheadings that's quite important in leaflets right when editorials will come you know so there's a slight difference the language will be same the English will be same the you know style of yours will be same but there's a little pattern changing you can see yes prin okay if you talk about the advertisement I would want you to please give a reading to it can you see advertisments are form of persuasive writing that aim to promote a product service or idea the form and genre of an advertisement can be analyzed by considering it convention structure and language devices form genre conventions um use of visual images such as photographs or Graphics to catch the reader's attention use of catchy slogans or taglines to create a memorable impression use of persuasive language and techniques such as emotional appeals testimonials and endorsements okay so we cannot use visual images yes please uh so basically this comes in form but why why yeah I was about to ask why is the visual images in form no there's not a visual images it's like a visual imagery you can take it as a visual imagery right when you're talking about the form you can just call it a visual imagery don't not the visual images because of course we cannot mention the visual images we cannot draw anything right we cannot use photographs or Graphics of course we we got a question paper we have less time we have 1 hour to complete this question a one a part and B part so we cannot use that instead we in the form we can use the visual imagery right we can IM make the writer imagine what we are writing so yes yes and then there come structure it's the way you use a clear and concise headline to grab attention and communicate the main message use of short sentences and bullet points to convey information quickly and effectively use of call to action encouraging the reader to take action or make a purchase exactly basically how exact so can you explain a little bit how do you explain the structure Abdullah please wake up and explain us too you can also pitch in yes rwan please explain me the structure what is most difficult for you when you are maintaining the structure what is more challenging uh first you have to obviously analyze and uh analyze everything and make a plan so and uh you should be able to mention like everything you have wrote like of the structure that includes the structure obviously like the headline and uh and uh how you wrote your short sentences or long sentences and uh like if you have used like example they that you mention to use a call to action which is like uh you could put at the end of a conclusion to encourage readers to take an action or something like that exactly for example you know in advertising material basically when we're talking about the advertisements we have to use a call to action strategy because it's basically when we are you know um intended to induce a viewer or a reader or a listener to perform a specific act you know once he read it he's going to like let's suppose uh I would highly recommend you to buy now or click here you know such kind of slogans or catchy so on my recommendation you should also visit that place you should just visit it right away you know some some call to action phrases should be there to just you can say um attract the reader or let the reader perform the action right away right so if he reads your uh recommendation he's going to take prompt action on it so there's some some call to action phrases should be there in the conclusion and those are quite you know catchy Point are the ones like what are important when you structure your advertisement advertisements exactly and then the language devices we' have already read it but in the advertisements you have to use the powerful adjectives I have shared a list of powerful adjectives with you guys in your group and the descriptive language could be there in the advertis because of course when we are sometimes marketing something we are describing it we need to use the descriptive language to create a positive image of the product or a service let's suppose if you went to a restaurant you talking about it and you want to advertise it you have to you know use the powerful adjectives in the descriptive language the entire you know scenario the inside of that restaurant and you know everything to make the reader imagine use of repetition to reinforce key messages um repetition in sense of like when you are reinforcing it but in every time in a different language in different sentence structure not the same sentences use of rhetorical questions yes those are quite important when we embed a question all over like after first paragraph introduction we are done we put a question then that's what that what makes the reader think on it and right you know the Creer considers the benefits of the product or service so the example is right here in front of you um you can read it a print advertisement for a new car might feature a large glossy image of the car with the headline experience The Thrill of the open road this is what actually you know makes you think the catchy title the advertisement might include bullet points highlighting the cars features and benefits such as its fuel efficiency safety ratings you can mention the bullet points I'm telling you like a headings you can mention the short bullet points in between by by the changing of your pen and high-tech Entertainment System the advertisement the advertisement might end with a call to action such as visit your local dealership ship today to test drive the car of your dreams like this you know some prompt things which the writer reader can take the action on so today you want to move on to any other strand or you just want to end up with the uh advertisements the brushers and leaflets are a form of informational writing that aim to inform the reader we have already talked about it but you guys are requested to write down each you know genre in a separate on a separate page along with its things with with your understanding like okay fine these are the advertisement I have to use the language should be persuasive I have to use you know analyzation right and then the conventions are structured and language devices okay so from your understanding whatever you have understood today you guys have to write it on every single page your task is from from for the next session your task is that you have to write all these things on a separate page advertisements brushes and leaflets whether it's any other thing you you guys are going to write it okay e e e e e e