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Explain the role of genetic inheritability in depression.
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Depression can be influenced by genetic factors, as it can run in families, indicating a potential inherited vulnerability.
What impact has Engel’s Biopsychosocial Model had on modern healthcare?
It has significantly changed the perception of illness, suffering, and healing, promoting more empathy and compassion in medical practice.
Who introduced the Biopsychosocial Model and why?
George Engel introduced it as a holistic alternative to the biomedical model, emphasizing the interplay between biology, psychology, and social context in determining health outcomes.
Why is an integrated care approach important in the Biopsychosocial Model?
Addressing all factors (biological, psychological, social) gives a more complete explanation of health conditions and enhances patient engagement in health-promoting behaviors.
How can socio-economic status impact mental health according to the Biopsychosocial Model?
Low income and job instability can contribute to psychological stress and negatively impact mental health.
How do biological, psychological, and social factors interact in the Biopsychosocial Model?
The interaction of these factors determines overall health, with factors like genetic vulnerabilities and psychological stressors influencing one another.
What is the Biopsychosocial Model?
A model that explores the dynamic interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors in overall health.
What psychological factors are included in the Biopsychosocial Model?
Personality traits and characteristics, cognitive factors (perceptions, self-esteem, attitudes, and beliefs), and emotions (like coping skills and trauma).
What personality traits are linked to depression?
Traits like neuroticism and negative affectivity are linked to higher susceptibility to depression.
Give an example of a treatment plan that utilizes the Biopsychosocial Model.
A treatment plan for chronic pain might include patient education, medication, acupuncture, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and mindfulness practices.
Identify social influences that affect overall health according to the Biopsychosocial Model.
Socio-economic status, significant life events, cultural factors, education, family circumstances, abuse, and neglect.
List some biological influences considered in the Biopsychosocial Model.
Genetic makeup, physical health, neurochemistry, drug effects, diet, lifestyle, immune and stress responses.
What were the limitations of the Biomedical Model that the Biopsychosocial Model addresses?
The Biomedical Model was linear and reductionist, leading to the dehumanization of patients and ignoring subjective experiences.
What are some examples of cultural factors that influence health in the Biopsychosocial Model?
Cultural beliefs and societal norms, such as expectations regarding beauty standards or mental illness, play a role in shaping health outcomes.
Describe how neurotransmitter levels relate to depression.
Low levels of neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin are often associated with depression.
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