started just a little reminder of what's coming up so on monday august 24th so that's going to be the coming up monday you have your post lab exercise one do how many do you actually have to complete one one one there are four of them i think maybe three but you only have to complete one okay and you have your pre-lab exercise to do how many do you actually have to do one it was the one yes yes okay and then you also have your engage quiz due and that is going to be found through your engage link so you will not see that directly in canvas you'll have to click into the manual okay any questions about what's coming up on monday okay then we will move on and we are going to cover um a lot of terminology today so a lot of y'all like flash cards these are good flash card terms you can put them in quizlet you can create them on your own but whenever you have massive amounts of vocabulary it's really important that you have a way to go over and test yourself and if you use flashcards you want to make sure that you use repetition and then you want to make sure that you do what we call retrieval practice and the retrieval practice is when you go through your cards multiple times without having to look up the answer to give yourself false confidence so you may do it at 8am in the morning 12 p.m 3 p.m 8 p.m each time you're going over them you want to make sure you can get them right three to four times before you retire that card and don't flip the card over until you know that you said the definition in full or said the description or knew what picture it was because that's going to give yourself false confidence there's a difference between recognizing something and recalling something and for the test you need to recall because you do not get a word bank so i just want to make sure y'all know how to use flash cards to the best of your ability well that explains a lot i sadly have done that yeah it's easy to have false confidence okay so we're going to start off this is one of the models that you will see throughout the semester this model is what i call um she man it's half female half male and that's just so the companies give us an opportunity not to have to buy as many models so this model will show up a lot it's great for muscles tendons ligaments it's great for learning your anatomical markings directions the chest cavity comes off and you can also learn um digestive and some cardiac and respiratory on this model so this is kind of an all-around model we use a lot so what we're going to start talking about is anatomical directions now to do anatomical directions you always have to use these terms in reference to each other so i can't just say something's up or something's down or something's to the side i can't say something is deep or something is on this um superficial it has to be in reference to another area of the body so if i draw this arrow going up and i draw this arrow going down the one that's going up is going to represent superior and the one that's going down is going to represent inferior but i can't just say my kneecap is inferior what is my kneecap inferior to does anyone want to take a stab goodbye the thigh would be perfect it just has to be something that's above it it can be anything you could say my kneecap is inferior to my armpit my kneecap is inferior to my chin my kneecap is inferior to my chest it can be anything but it has to be in reference to something and that's the same for superior you can say my eyes are superior to the chest the chest would work abdomen abdomen will work nose nose would work but the similarity between all of those is that the eyes are above them all so again you never want to just say superior what is it superior to now on the human body the top most part of the human body is the head and so when you hear the words cephalic or cranial that means you're referencing the head and since the head is the most superior part you can often use that interchangeably but it doesn't work as easily as it sounds because you can't just say you know my nose is superior to my cranium because your nose is on the cranium so it always has to make sense in context okay so we did superior and inferior those are opposite terms now we're going to do anterior and posterior okay anterior is going to be the front we often talk about anterior as ventral and that's because your ventral cavity is in the front of your body so i can say my belly button is anterior too in front of and anything behind your belly button would be an answer so it could be your small intestines large intestines it could be my belly button is anterior to my back so it's always about it being towards the front now if you are looking at a dolphin don't make fun of my drawings here's our dolphin what is this on the dolphin the fin okay what what's the full fins name dorsal fin i'm sorry yeah dorsal fin so the dorsal fin is on the back of the dolphin so dorsal and posterior mean the back oh okay so let me go to another picture just to show you oops not that one right here let me get a color that will show up on this this is all dorsal the back of the body also known as posterior and then this picture right here as you can see it's called anterior so these are just the views of that what we're looking at okay now the next one is medial what do you think medial means in the middle middle in the middle now medial doesn't exactly mean middle because middle is the middle medial means towards the middle and that's going to be important when we start learning names of different structures in your body so i could say my nose is medial to what the mouth well where's the mouth is the mouth on the side of the nose or is it beneath the nose yeah so the mouth is inferior to the nose writes these words now if you look at the nose you said that the nose is medial to the eyes to the ears to the cheek but now let's look at the eyes the eyes are medial to the ears to the ears so it's really important that it's in reference now if medial means towards the middle lateral is going to mean what to the the sides side sides i don't mean to the sides got it so if my nose is medial to my eyes my eyes are what to my nose lateral to your nose the eyes are lateral to the nose i could say my shoulders are lateral to my sternum so here's your sternum it's this bone right here and i can say my shoulders are lateral to my sternum or i could say my sternum is medial to my shoulders so always in reference to something okay the next two terms are going to be proximal and distal so when we use that redundant term close proximity the word proximal means close to so are we saying that that's almost like a a a double negative in the sense because we're saying close proximity but the word proximity means close okay so we have proximal which means close to and we have distal which means further away from now this is going to be tricky especially once you get into a p2 because all of your kidney tubes and a lot of arteries and loops in your body are named proximal and distal it is from this the starting point towards the body so if we use our shoulder as our starting point what would you tell me the fingers are are the fingers proximal or distal to the shoulder to the shoulder great now i'm going to put my camera on real quick so you can see me and i want y'all you may have to click on my name for my picture to show up for y'all can you see me yeah okay okay you're just gonna have to toggle onto my picture and that way you won't be um seeing the screen for a second okay so y'all can see my hands yes okay so here's my fingers y'all just said my fingers are distal to my shoulder i'm making my fingers touch my shoulder now they approximate now remember we have to go from the point of origin my point of origin is my shoulder still so i go from my shoulder upper arm lower arm and i'm still going to my fingers that's a lot of movement to still go so even though my fingers are touching my shoulder i have to start at my point of origin and then i move so really my fingers are still what distance this to your shoulder okay so that's why it gets confusing because that's how your body is named especially when you get to a and p2 when you start to learn all those tubes now if my fingers are distal to my shoulder what would you say my palm is to my fingers proximal there are small teeth to the right so it's just really important that you know the reference point so you can say my thigh is proximal to my hip but my calf is what to my hip okay next two are superficial and deep again superficial and deep is in reference to whatever you're comparing so in this picture can you see the heart the lungs the small intestines no no no so all of those are gonna be what to your muscles they're behind your muscles so they're going to be to the surface are deep i can't see d they're going to be deep to the muscles whatever you see it says something behind it and you can't see it that means it's deep now what do we find covering our entire body okay so the skin is on the surface if this if skin covered uh this model what would the muscles be to the skin because we wouldn't be able to see the muscles if the skin covered it it will be probably more superficial okay so let's think about this oh we can see all these muscles right now yeah and if i cover this guy i'm just covering him with blue acting like the skin i can't see i can't you have to click so you see the screen now instead of me oh okay thank you okay so let's pretend like that blue highlighter is the skin now we can't see the muscles because the skin's covering it so what is the skin to the muscles it's proximal it's superficial superficial skin official yeah what is the skin superficial too it's superficial to the muscles but what can i say i can say the muscles are what to the skin it's um it's deep to the skin okay so what this is showing you is it's really important to know your reference points and then so the skin is superficial to the muscle it is so in your body the layers are going to go skin it's going to go skin muscles bone and then usually organs now this is general because you have lots of layers in between all this but can you see any bones do you see a lot of bones in this picture or do you mostly see muscles muscles mostly muscles so what can we say is our bones superficial or deep to the muscles these to the muscles yeah to the muscles in general they're going to be deep now there's a few bones that you can see like you can see your sternum you can see your collarbone but you're not seeing most of the skeleton yeah that's why we got we have to say it's deep but i forgot right deep to the muscle yeah you always have to have that reference you can't just say it's deep you have to have a reference point the next two are contralateral and ipsilateral these are used all the time in sports medicine pt ot um vet tech so this is two terms that are very commonly used contralateral and ipsilateral okay we are gonna say we're gonna start to use um this mammary gland right here so this is a mammary gland anything that is on the same side of the body as the mammary glands is gonna be ipsy lateral ipsilateral means same side okay if ypsilateral means the same side what do you think contralateral means the opposite the opposite way if someone contradicts you they usually have an opposite opinion so that may help remember it so one thing that we didn't cover that's really important for contra and ipsilateral is anatomical position okay i want everyone to stand up for a second i can't see all of y'all so this is on the on the good faith that you're standing up wait let me back up i can only see about 10 of y'all at a time okay so i want y'all to make sure when you're standing your toes are pointing ahead so they're not out to the side now i want you to make sure you put your arms by your side and put your palms to the front okay okay do now make sure your palms are facing the front is this how you normally stand is this like a normal no okay this is what is considered anatomical position you are standing in an erect position palms forward feet forward head forward so when you're in an anatomical position this is how you do your referencing so this is also how you tell right and left on models you want to make your body fit this model so if you make your body fit this model everything on this side of the body is going to be right our left make your body fit this model so pretend like you're gonna be in the same position as the model would that be the right or left where i put the bracket right okay so this is my right side of the model which means this is the left side y'all can sit down thank you thank y'all for participating okay so if i'm asking you to tell me a structure that is ipsilateral to the mammary gland someone throw out an answer right thigh would be correct what's another one um the right fibula the right fibula is correct what did you notice between those answers right thigh and right fibula she said right you said right as long as you throw the word right in front of it everything's correct now what if i asked you to tell me something that was contralateral to the mammary gland the left hip with the left leg i don't know who said that but anything with the left will work i heard someone say left fibula that's correct too okay so it doesn't really matter the answer it matters what's in front of the answer whether it's right or whether it's left no um so dr r so you you're saying that the way that this model is um facing the screen right here and we're looking at the model like that you're just because this is my left it's not the left on the screen it's actually my right you got it that's it all right yeah they do this in x-rays all the time well yeah x-rays are going to be flipped when you take them so you have to in your head know that and so um as you start looking through the textbook you'll notice you'll be like why is this on the left side not the right side it's because things are flipped and imaging okay actually okay now we have two more to go over and what's great is y'all just did that anatomical position and that's kind of what we're going to concentrate on in the anatomy wait i'm sorry to be clear when we're talking about ipsy and um contra okay however you say that it doesn't have to be parallel it literally just has to be like referencing the left or the right of you got it so again if i went for this ear and i said that's my right attic i could say that the left shoulder is ipsilateral the left attic is ipsilateral the left hand is it i'm so contralateral contra sorry um the left kneecap is contralateral and then i could say the right hand is ipsilateral the right shoulder is ipsilateral the right foot is ipsilateral so anything that's on the same side is ipsy anything that's on the opposite side of the original marking and my original marking was the i is contra contra is the opposite and ipsy is the same side so now it doesn't matter what side you are on so long as everything is on that side it's it like that automatically is it's it's right correct okay yeah the other one is going to be really important when we get to your nervous system because when we talk about reflexes how reflexes work in your body has to do with same sides or opposite sides but of course we don't say that instead of saying same side what word would we use for same side it's silateral and then what word would we use for opposite side so everyone thinks that a and p is just super difficult and it is it is it's a tough class but it's really that there's just massive amounts of vocabulary yeah but that vocabulary is so important because that's how everything works functions and is named so this exercise one super heavy in vocabulary and you're going to see these terms throughout the rest of the semester so you want to learn them early on okay our last two are prone and supine so when you are in your anatomical position your palms forward your palms are considered supine if you turn your palms to face the back that is considered prone can you just can you write it out please yeah so i'm gonna show y'all let me get i'm gonna show y'all on video let me just get the video open okay okay so here i am palms are like this if i was standing up they would be to my side it's hard to see me though so they were standing up there being on my side so here are my palms this is supine a really silly way to remember this is you can't hold soup in your hands like this but i can hold soup in my hands like this so supine means palms facing forward and prone is going to be my palms facing back does that describe the reference for anything else other than poems no i was about to say if i lay on my back on a bed that is considered a supine position so when you go to the doctor's office and they tell you to lay on the bed and they do whatever they're gonna do when you're laying on the doctor's bed that is a supine position if you're on your back if you lay on your stomach that is a prone position just like the massage parlors make you do so it's a practice for them and the other one for the doctors so those are anatomical directions and you just want to make sure that's these are pure vocabulary words it's just making sure that you learn how to use them in reference to each other so you really like s-u-p-a-n s-u-p-i-n-e okay the next and the prone is r-o-n-e p-r-o-n-e okay dr r uh-huh supine is laying on your back or palms facing forward right yes all right now all of this information comes straight from page 15 in your textbook so if you turn to 15 in your textbook you would get the definitions for all of this remember that this manual is written off of the textbook so your textbook is your best reference for this manual um most of y'all are taking lecture two so you can use your lecture textbook or the ebook i have the ebook that's fine okay so our next group and i'm gonna just do very little of this and y'all are gonna do most of this the next thing we're gonna cover is still on page four of the manual and we're going to cover anatomical regions and anatomical markings okay what is the difference between these two a region is a very broad area okay you are gonna have five major regions the first major region is going to be your head and we call that cephalic your next major region is going to be the neck and we reference that as cervical that is so confusing because all my life i thought cervical was somewhere around the cervix you know like oh no cervical is referencing your vertebrae you have seven cervical vertebrae morocco i thought the exact same thing it was weird yesterday i was like wait what then we have trunk so the basically the whole front of your body is the trunk and then your trunks going to be broken down in the smaller regions your trunk is going to be broken down into thoracic and abdominopelvic okay and then you have upper appendagy and lower one so you can call those upper limb and lower limbs those are the real like we're in straightforward trunk so when you're looking at all of this these are very broad areas if you look just out the head does your head have a lot of parts to it yeah okay so the cephalic is just the region anatomical regions mean that they are large so yeah again it's because they're what large very large so they're large areas okay and then anatomical markings are going to be very specific areas so if you look in your manual the first one you're going to see is cephalic that is a region but if you look under cephalic you have about 11 anatomical markings so cephalic is the region very broad all of the parts to your head are the markings very specific so we're going to go over just a few to get you all started and then i'm going to give y'all a little exercise to do so let me erase all of this so we're starting on a clean slate when we look at the whole head this whole head right here what is that anatomical region for the whole head what is the anatomical region okay but let me find a color that's going to pop up for you i'll see easily but if i'm just pointing to this this is an anatomical marking what is the name of the nose the the anatomical name for the nose nasal okay so i would ask you for the cephalic question i would say identify the anatomical region that word region is your clue i'm looking for something broad something that covers a lot of area but for your nose i would say identify the anatomical marking which would be nasal which would be nasal so you have to pay attention to how the questions are worded and the headings in your manual are really important okay if i said identify no one didn't switch if i said identify this that's the ear so identify the anatomical marking i don't think you got it attic okay what about if i said identify it's hard for me to point right now because this model's small if i went straight to the mouth and said identify the anatomical marking it will be alone you got it so the key is to look at the question the question will tell you what i'm looking for so what i'm going to do is y'all are going to have 10 minutes on a piece of paper you are going to answer all of this as markings not regions anatomical markings so you're going to answer all of these as anatomical markings and i'll make it bigger for you i'll give me one second and there's going to be 18 of them so you can do this on a piece of paper and then we'll go over them in about 10 minutes and i'm going to run based on the terms that we just did or is this from something in your life yesterday five of your manual this is from page four and five of your manual so you're gonna use your manual to become familiar with the markings so page four and five of your manual remember even if you don't have your manual you get those first three exercises free and engaged so you should have it downloaded or pulled up okay i'm gonna run and get some water super quickly and i'll be back oh here it is activity three on p on the pdf i find on the pdf uh version it's well well organized [Music] mm-hmm i don't see 11 on there does anyone see it um in which form are you on the lab manual or the pdf it's distal um 11 is like the foot on the left picture if you're looking at the power point i also got the powerpoint were you i'm going to give you all four more minutes foreign okay y'all ready yes okay so remember be very cognizant of your peers so everyone has a chance to participate and listen and hear okay i'm just going to go in numerical order what do y'all think the top of the head is called good job so one point for y'all okay number two is a super important one because you're gonna see this word in all of the muscle chapters yes the if you said brachial you're correct number three is where you wear deodorant actually axillary yep and this one has quite a few different terms you can call it axillary axilla so um it just depends on how you want to write it and spell it number four lumbar lumbar lumbar number five what are butt cheeks i'm sorry yes gluteal so gluteus maximus is actually a muscle name we're just doing anatomical terms so when we talk about anatomical markings you want to make sure you say gluteal oh there is a big difference for god yeah there is a difference okay number six patella okay everyone agree with patella yes yes okay yeah yes number seven gets people confused so what did y'all get for number seven okay i heard someone say cyril and i heard someone say cruel cruel it is cruel because it is the front of the leg so it's the shin area because the back of the leg has a different name did you say sev number seven dr r yes number seven is cruel c-r-u-r-a-l i said that down too okay what is number eight the bottom of the foot song is the soul that's the planter okay i heard people say salt soul will not get you credit on the test because that's the common name you want to make sure you're using anatomical marking names so that would be plant answer got me got me but it is good that you know the common names that makes it easier to remember the anatomical term okay number nine is going to be really important in a and p2 popolitial or very close popliteal can you say it slowly popliteal that was easy okay number um 10 is the back of the elbow the back of the elbow i love that you also have cubicle because that's the one that's easier to pronounce the other one is electro null so if you pronounce it like this let me see if it's still whoops let me get my pen working [Music] right that's how you would pronounce it that's not the correct spelling but that's how to pronounce it dr r on the pdf version just it's two words like it's either cranial or cubital yes it's either or i thought it was i most of y'all said cubital because that one's a lot easier to spell i mean you pronounce but alecrinol what you're going to notice is that when we get to the bones you're going to see the word olecranon because it's referencing the elbow olecranoid okay number 11 was the ones you all had some trouble finding number 11 is right here digit digits yep either name is fine digits is easier you can also say phalangeal phalanges are your fingers and toes i thought it was always i i was confused i said when i was thinking i was like dating sure your fears and and the flat of what you're telling us but they're both they're both either name works [Music] okay number 12 is pointing to your kneecap patellar patellar good job okay number 13 is pointing to the thigh you're gonna hear this pronounced two different ways ephemeral and femoral either is fine really so some people say like that i'm surprised um when you go to different countries like they pronounce everything emphasis on different um syllabi when i first heard i he said femur so it's a femoral side i'm sorry quick question was six and twelve the same thing maybe let me find six yeah yeah yeah they were that was an accident okay just making sure i'm not exactly here okay okay number 14 is your calf muscle yeah surreal so it's not actually the muscle but it's just pointing to the calf area so 7 is cruel 14 is serial what about 15. um is it factorial or is it pointing to the sternum i can't tell which 15 is below that it's the right angle what is like the umbilical okay so it's on your belly button so it's umbilical yeah i thought so that's where your umbilical cord is attached so that'll help you remember that one dr r can you spell it umbilical thank you okay number 16 you can kind of get away with one or two terms factorial okay and what's another one that you could get away with memory would work too wait what number 16 16. oh okay what was that second word you called it uh you memory memory okay oh okay i see okay 17 we basically did 17 and 18 already what is 17 nasal and then what is 18. okay so this was just a little brief overview of 18 terms but if you look at your manual page 4 and five there's more like 40 terms so you just want to make sure that you go over those vocabulary words i'm guaranteeing you you're going to see that on the test wait miss r you say 18 is nasal no 17 is nasal yeah i had optic operating okay okay are y'all doing okay do y'all need a five minute break stretch go to the bathroom grab some water i'd like to grab some water okay i'm gonna give you a five minute break we'll meet back at 908 and then we'll continue on hmm okay everybody if you are ready you should be able to raise your hand by hovering your mouse over the bottom of the screen you'll see a little hand raise just to let me know you're back thanks fiona thanks chelsead chelsea p [Music] josemer lana daniel yuri jalen ayanna y'all are going quick sarah tiffany okay betty not yet darion's got it wait hold on where's it at more action if you hover over the bottom um of your screen you should see a little hand if you click on it it raises from left to right camera off mutes open share tray more actions raise your hand okay this just lets me know that y'all are actually still here and back and that way i will when i start it won't no one will be like running to get there [Music] okay so we are going to move on we are going to go to um where do i skip this one oh i actually skipped this this is page 3 in your manual it's the bottom of page three i accidentally skipped this doctor or where in our pdf version yep same thing pdf version is the same page numbers as the hardback manual okay so we're going to cover anatomical planes and again these are going to be terms that you've heard before but you may have been using them kind of um in a miss spoken fashion that's what i would you want this is page three in your manual whether you're using the e-text or if you have a hard copy might say negative and positive feedback system yep and at the bottom of that it says anatomical planes yeah okay so anatomical planes are basically imaginary lines that divide your body into different segments so just imaginary lines that divide your body into different segments imaginary lines that divide you are okay now these planes we're going to learn three of them and actually we're going to learn four of them and these are often the same types of planes that you will see in imaging so and you know cat scans mris um these are the same type of planes that they'll use to divide your body into segments so the first plane that we're going to go over is going to be your frontal plane your frontal plane in this picture is going to be this one labeled a if you only look at a it is dividing the body into what two halves anterior and posterior y'all using the fancy terms on me anterior and posterior so the easiest way to say that is front and back the technical way to say that is anterior and posterior okay the next plane that we're going to look at is going to be plane b plane b is dividing your body into what halves left and right okay so this is known as a sagittal plane and sagittal planes divide your body into right and left now there are different types of sagittal planes you have mid sagittal if you have mid sagittal are those going to be equal or unequal right and left halves okay but parasagittal is going to be the picture is the plane going directly down the middle of the guy's face no so this one's not equal rights and lefts this one in the picture is parasagittal it's still right and left it's just not equal so unequal right and left now i want you to put yourself in this drawings position is the sagittal plane the parasagital plane going through the right side of the body or the left side of the body the right it is the right so if you turned to make your body imitate this picture that b that pair sagittal plane is going to the right side of the body so if we cut your body in this manner would you be able to see the left lung no nope because it's on the brain it's you got it it's on the right side it's cutting directly like the right lung i'm sorry say that again just for clarity purposes it's considered the right solely because you can see that portion of the body no it's the right technically see in the left so you have to turn your body to fit the image so you would end up standing with your face facing the left side so that means your right oh wow y'all look at me i'm an idiot this is the left side of the body well i don't know my left and right yes i was gonna thank y'all thank y'all i don't know my left and right sorry this is what i do for left and right and we can see why i need to do it i do this for my left and right i put my fingers up and i put an l there so this is my left side and i'm telling you all my right to left i'm horrible at i was like that's the right side good catch whoever called me out on that this is the left side of the body right here so if i re-ask my question if i re-ask my question would you be able to see the right lung with the pair of sagittal plane no good god thank you for catching me i did not mean to tell you all the wrong information yeah rights and lefts are my nemesis if i if i'm driving and or if someone's driving and i tell them to take a ride they always go left okay our next plane is going to be so what is mid sagittal mid sagittals equal halves so mid-size will be directly down the middle of the face and then what we're looking at on the um thing is uh parasagittal right yes okay just double check and thank you yeah i'm really confused with the sagittal thing yeah just ignore me with rights and laughs i need to go back and relearn my rights and laughs so the plan b is called otherwise called sagittal because i'm confused right there yeah it's a sagittal plane but we have different types we have mid-sagittal and parasagittal sagittal divides the body into equal rights and left parasagittal is unequal rights and left is the only reason this is parasaginal because the plane does not completely like continue through the cranium or is it because the body is positioned to where we can only see half of it so it's for it to be parasaginal i mean mid-sagittal it has to go directly through the middle of the body okay and if that plane got brought up it would still be going through past the head and not through the head because it's going over the left shoulder okay yes thank you let me see let me do this real quickly okay this is a picture right here of a mid-sagittal plane because it's going directly from the middle of the skull all the way down the middle of the body and then so that's the yellow and then the red is a pair of sagittal plane because it's off to the side a little bit does that make sense yes it does same thing here this green is a mid-sagittal and then this one is a parasagital okay so the other plane that we're covering is going to be chains first um the one that's faced on c and this is known as a transverse plane this transverse plane is going to cut the body into what halves superior and superior imperial computer use the fancy words which is great superior and inferior if we want to put that into layman's terms what would we say upper and lower upper and lower top and bottom any of that describes it i personally don't like using the term horizontal because everything that you're going to learn moving through the semester is going to actually use the term transverse so it's better to learn it early on instead of using the common terms now there's one last plane that i don't have a picture of on this model but i'm going to draw it and this is called an oblique plane these are going to go through the body at an angle oblique planes cut the body at an angle such like our liver or is it alone i think i think it's the lineup so when we talk about oblique planes let's see if i just get a bleak clean image it can be anywhere in the body it's not it's just cutting them at angles so if we look at this picture here do you see how it's just going at angles through different parts of the body i see i see how they do it so it's basically giving you a cross section of something it's a cross section at a at an angle okay so the reason i like y'all to be familiar with oblique is because the term oblique just means an angle and then when we start learning your muscles you're going to have quite a few muscles with the term oblique in it because it means that the fibers run at an angle okay now just because something is cut at a different angle doesn't mean that it's a different organ it might just look differently so i'm going to just give you an analogy this analogy has nothing to do with amp it's just so you can understand that cutting your body with different planes allows you to see structures in different viewing types so this picture right here is smooth muscle i remember this one from biology 141 i mean 43. so if you look here in this bottom picture the muscle is running left and right okay if you look in this top picture all you're seeing is little circles this is still smooth muscle these pictures don't look anything alike at all right this right here is what we consider longitudinal so it's a long cut and this up here is considered a cross-sectional these are the exact same tissue just looks different so if you look over here i have straws if you open a box of straws and you look at the top of them all you see is little circles just like you do here if you take the straws out then you're gonna see that the straws are long these are the same exact straws but based on how you see them changes their appearance it is nothing new it is just changing what we physically see on there couldn't have been a better analogy like this just blows my mind this makes it so crystal clear for me well i am glad i would be wonderful you will love my tissue teaching but it will make you hungry but tissue teaching is all about analogies yeah so clear it's just you know they're gonna be different times you need to look at different um pictures because sometimes you're looking for something that you may only be able to see cross-sectionally and then the same organ you may need to look at something longitudinal um so just keep in mind that tissues can change appearance structures in your body can change appearance based on the cut i know what back up while saying biology 1.3 i'd do that for the rat dissection i had to use a live version photo and uh more of a digital anatomical photo to tell the difference between the two because it really really wasn't the same and i mean like not by a little but it was like a lot different from it's crazy yeah definitely the cuts can make it things look like you've never seen them before so you just want to keep that in the back of your mind okay so we are going to i'm putting yellow on me again we are going to go back into your manual and now we're going to turn to page six so in your manual this is page six and then in your textbook if you want to write down the textbook reference page it's page 17 in your textbook okay we are gonna cover cavities i love cavities they're fun we're gonna do some artwork in a minute but they're also a little confusing okay so when we talk about cavities basically these are just areas in the body that will hold structures and compartmentalize parts of the body so they're just areas in the body that surround structures and help compartmentalize the body so instead of throwing all your organs in one big pot we're throwing them in lots of different pots okay all body cavities are going to be lined by membranes so we're also going to talk about membranes today not just cavities now we have two major categories we're going to go over the first one which is the straightforward one this one's called the dorsal cavity what does the word dorsal tell us it's the baby this in the back so this dorsal cavity i'm just going to use this to kind of is this area that i'm doing in highlighter so the dorsal cavity is basically on the back of the body what major organ do we have right here the brain okay and what beat your organ do we have going down the back the spinal cord okay so your dorsal cavity contains your brain and your spinal cord your entire dorsal cavity is going to be lined by meninges when have you heard the term meninges before with medicine dietitians of the disease okay and what is the name of that disorder meningitis meningitis yeah of course itis just means inflammation meningitis is inflammation of the meninges the reason it's so dangerous is if they start swelling they are lining two very important organs what two very important organs do meninges cover so this is why if you get meningitis it's it can be serious and fatal um but your dorsal cavity is lined by meninges so those meninges are covering your brain and spinal cord now within the dorsal cavity that's a really large cavity so we like to organize our cavities in hierarchical ways so we go from large to smaller so within the cavity we're going to have the area that holds your brain and we're going to have the area that has your spinal cord the area that holds your brain is going to have its own specific cavity name cranial cavity so within your dorsal cavity we have the cranial cavity and then what do you think is going to hold your spinal cord your vertebrae okay and what can we call that cavity spinal canal we okay call it the spinal cavity or we can call it the vertebral cavity the teeth on me either one's fine i always say go with the one you can spell sounds cooler it does sound cooler so in the dorsal cavity we have your brain and spinal cord your brain is specifically in the cranial cavity your spinal cord is specifically in the spinal or whatever name you like okay what membrane lines the dorsal cavity mini mini gias meninges yeah and then we're going to learn all of the meninges at the end of the semester when we covered brain okay what if i was gonna ask you to tell me from specific to broad your spinal cord is found in what specific cavity the dorsal cavity spinal cavity okay so what is the most specific one vertebral cavity okay so you can say vertebral or you can say spinal and then what is the broad cavity what would it come after that or something so knowing again it all comes down to just reading questions and just being aware with the question asked okay so i do like going over dorsal first because it is just much simpler we are now going to go over your ventral cavity which is more complicated because there are way more organs it's not that it's more it's not that it's a more difficult or more important area what am i writing here we are going um over just one with more structures to go over so if dorsal means back what does ventral mean right right so if you see here everything that i'm highlighting is part of your dorsal cavity so it's basically all the organs in the front of your body now your ventral cavity is going to be divided into top and bottom by a very important muscle this muscle divides your ventral cavity into two areas the thoracic and [Music] what is that really important muscle called irm and this is probably the most commonly misspelled word it's basically diaphragm that's it diaphragm think about fraggle rock that's exactly what my professor and 143 said just think of fraggle rock so the diaphragm this g is left out all the time which means you lose points for spelling so your diaphragm is really important because what two big organs sit on your diaphragm your lungs yeah and your lungs help you do what breathe so your diaphragm is super important in breathing so the diaphragm separates the ventral cavity into thoracic and abdominopelvic okay now within the thoracic we're gonna have it compartmentalized even more what two organs so there's three all together but what two organs do you see in the thoracic region heart and lungs okay we got the heart and we got lungs because these are such important organs and because your body likes to compartmentalize these are going to be living in their own cavity so it's like a home within a home the heart is going to be found in the pericardial cavity what does cardio sound like to y'all it's the height the heart like the heart cardio cardiovascular or cardiac arrest yep all that has to do with the heart and then do y'all know what the word perry means i forgot it means around good job so pericardial just means that this is a cavity around the heart periphery you're going to see that word perry a lot if you hear the word periosteum what does osteum sound like bone so the periosteum is just surrounding the bone around the bone you got it so that word pair is going to come up a lot okay now your lungs are in a different cavity your lungs since you have two of them you're going to have two cavities these are called the pleural cavity some people will write it as pleura that is perfectly fine so it can be pleura or it can be plural chloride how you see the second one again plural one l at the end now the only difference between the right and left plural cavity is their right and left so there are differences between the lungs but for our knowledge the only difference between those two plural cavities is if they're on the right side versus the left side so even if you said plural would you have to specify right and left yes and we're going to go over that in just a second all right i knew it that's what it means our cardio cavity and the poor cavity are both subunits of the thoracic cavity and what is the thoracic cavity a subunit of the ventral cavity low cavity so if i ask you to go tell me from broadest to most specific for the heart what's the broadest cavity the heart is in okay and then within the ventral cavity we find it in which area with the wraps okay and then within thoracic what's the more specific and the plural what plural would be what organ though okay so y'all let me explain it everyone i'm gonna put you on mute real quick and that way i can go through it so your heart is found specifically in a cavity called the pericardial now if you look at your heart your heart is in the chest region so your heart is in this area right here okay that's your entire chest your entire chest region is called the thoracic so your heart which is specifically surrounded by the pericardial cavity is found within the thoracic cavity and then the thoracic cavity is only the top part of your body so this part is only the thoracic the bottom part is of the body is known as the abdominal pelvic your heart is not in the abdominal pelvic your heart's above the diaphragm so your heart is in the thoracic now if we add all of this together this is going to together make up the front of your body and the front of your body is the ventral cavity so when we go from large to small you have to be specific on the hierarchial organization so let's do the lung your lung is specifically very specific in which cavity very specific what is your lung in the throttle floral floral okay yours very specifically specifically your lungs in the plural so right here each of these is a pleural cavity okay then with then your lungs are going to be found in a entire unit that surrounds them that's the yellow in this picture what's the unit that surrounds them all right okay i heard someone say thoracic and then your thoracic cavity is part of a larger organizational unit that's the entire front of the body what is the entire front of the body so your lung going from specific to broad is plural thoracic than ventral if i ask you to tell me about your lung from broad to specific it's just the opposite broad to specific what is your lung in that's very broad what's the entire cavity on the front of your body called cavity and then what is your chest region called happening three to right and then your lung is specifically in which cavity in the plural cavity okay so that's going from broad to specific or specific to broad it just depends on what the question asks now remember i said earlier that all cavities are lined by membranes so that's really important because that's we're going to hop to next okay what was the cavity that surrounded the dorsal cavity i'm so what was the membrane that surrounded the dorsal cavity yes now your ventral cavity is going to be surrounded by a different membrane it's going to be surrounded by the serous membrane so your ventral cavity is going to be lined by the serous membrane okay you have two layers of the serous membrane so the serous membrane lines the ventral cavity and you have two layers you have the visceral layer and the parietal layer so you have two layers visceral and parietal okay so how many layers does the serous membrane have okay this oral layer is going to be the layer that touches or some people say adheres to wait then i get a here i hear i mean stick oh thank you about to ask what you mean so the visceral touches are here's to the organ so it could touch or stick to the br the heart the lungs intestines stomach liver so the visceral layer touches the organ the parietal layer the parietal layer is going to line the cavity are i like to say form a pouch around the organ could you elaborate when you say form a pouch we're gonna have to draw this out that's why i want y'all to have crayon markers oh okay so every organ in your ventral cavity has two layers what is the name of the layer that touches the organ and then what is the one that's going to form a pouch around the organ or what we say line the cavity no okay so no matter where you're looking at in your ventral cavity you will have these two layers now the thing is you can't just say um you have uh you know serous fluid built up between the visceral and parietal layers you can't just say that you have um something going on with your serous fluid because the issue is every organ from your neck to your groin is lined by these membranes so you don't want the doctors just cutting open your entire ventral cavity so we have to name everything very specifically so this is where we're going to get started with your colors so if you have your paper and you have your markers in front of you this is where you're going to want them okay so i'm gonna draw my diaphragm so this is the diaphragm nothing fancy we'll make it a little bit bigger so it's easy to see that's your diaphragm what are the two major organs that sit above the diaphragm the lungs the heart and lungs okay i know that hearts and lungs don't look like this but it's just a drawing wait the one in blue is is the diaphragm that's the diaphragm okay okay what do we call the cavity that specifically surrounds your lungs okay so this is the plural cavity and this is a plural cavity what is the difference between these two between okay and what is the name of the cavity that surrounds just the heart fluorescence yeah more specific than thoracic cardio okay so the one that's the heart is pericardial yeah now the plural the pericardial that tells us which organ we're referencing but all of these organs are gonna have two layers of serous membrane surrounding them so we have to learn how to tell the difference between the visceral layer and the parietal layer okay so you are going to grab a color any color is fine and i want y'all to draw whoops it didn't take i want y'all to draw right around the edges of all of your organs so what up what's the what are we labeling the yellow right now you're just drawing it right now i think that's the layer that surrounds it i guess well i haven't gotten there yet i'm just guessing though okay so once y'all have that drawn around your organs we're going to want to name it would that be the visceral layer or the parietal layer since it's touching the organ it will be the this room okay so i'm going to label this visceral but we can't just say it's all visceral we have to be much more specific what is the difference between the visceral layer on the lung and the visceral layer on the heart what's the major difference yeah one's the harder one's the long so how do we know what the difference is what can we call that what is the cavity that surrounds the lung called horrible so this would be visceral plural how would we tell that one from the heart what's the heart visceral error okay and then what's this long over here what's your right lung visceral what this right visceral plural okay the only difference between the right and left lungs is that the right lung will have r in front of it the left lung will have an l in front of it for the practicum cut yes because right and left count on the test okay now take a different color whatever color you want and i want you to draw around each organ but not touching it okay this layer whatever color you made it is the one that's going to form a pouch around the organ or what we can say lines the actual cavity the parato this will be the parietal but we got to make sure that we know which parietal it is so i can't just say this is parietal no what would i put behind parietal here for this one oh plural why plural what organ are we referencing okay what would we say for the heart we know it's the one forming the pouch so is it parietal or visceral parietal variety and then how do we know that it's the heart what do we need to put behind it pericardial pericardial okay and then how would we name the lung we know this forms the pouch so what would that be the right plural um i mean the right parietal uh plural okay right parietal plural okay now the issue with these are that they're tongue twisters parietal plural parietal pericardial visceral pleural visceral pericardial so even if it makes sense to you part of the issue is just being able to go over it and say it out loud and make sure you have it so i want everybody to go over these for like two minutes you're gonna say them out loud to yourself so you're gonna go right lung left lung heart surrounding the right lung we have the visceral plural forming the cavity around the right lung we have the parietal pleural then we have the heart the hearts in the pericardial cavity we have the visceral pericardial that's the membrane that touches the heart we have the parietal pericardial that's what lines the cavity the more you say it out loud you're going to form a better association with it for remembering it so you can redraw it and re-label it so i'm going to give y'all four minutes actually we're going to go to 10 and y'all are just going to do this on your own saying it out loud you be respectful of your peers i want you to make sure that you mute your microphone so they can't hear you speaking okay so y'all have four minutes the more you practice the easier it gets can someone like say it out loud because i'm kind of confused like with the right lung though go over it again i just want to make sure that for this time y'all can work on it but i'll go over it again when we're done all right okay we'll go over this one more time so here is the diaphragm that's the muscle that separates your thoracic cavity from your abdominal pelvic so all of this is going to be the thoracic cavity in the thoracic cavity we have two major organs we have your heart and we have your two lungs okay for the heart and the lungs they're gonna be surrounded by a specific cavity name what is the heart cavity name that surrounds it pericardial wait say ask that question again i'm sorry what is the name of the cavity that surrounds the heart okay pericardium correct what is the name of the cavity that surrounds the lungs plural and the really the only difference is one's right and one's left you got it okay now how many layers of membranes do we have surrounding these cavities the layer that touches the cavity is which layer visceral visceral okay now we can't just say that's visceral because there's visceral membranes from your neck to your groin so how do we know that that's the visceral one for your lung let's say right right left visceral okay so we have right or left but visceral still just tells us it's a membrane covering how do we know that it's covering the lung what do we need to add okay okay how do we know that's the visceral covering the heart what word would tell us it's specifically the heart and how do we know that this is the left visceral covering the lung what do we need to add behind it plural is it visceral pleural or pleural visceral whichever way you write it down you will get credit oh okay cool but and common when you hear it talked about it's usually visceral plural parietal plural okay okay thank you the next thing is we have two layers so that second layer is going to be what actually lines the cavity or i like to say forms a pouch okay what is the name of the layer that lines the cavity aka forms the pouch [Music] parietal now how do i know that we're talking about the right lung though i can't just say that's parietal i have to say right parietal what plural i can't just say hey that's the heart what do i need to put behind the parietal on the heart and how do i make sure that we know that we're referencing this green covering for your left lung plural yeah i have a question yeah since visceral and parietal doesn't touch in the middle is there fluid no we're about to go over that that's a great question y'all are just always a step ahead of me um between the two membranes as you all can see i always draw space between them between the two membranes you are going to have fluid this fluid is going to keep these two membranes from sticking together and tearing this fluid is known as serous fluid and the serous fluid helps lubricate so it allows the two membranes to glide past each other instead of sticking and getting um rough together so people that you might hear someone say they have pleurisy that just means that they have uh increased amount of serous fluid but is it for like um movement and tension well when we say movement it's allowing the two membranes to move past each other without getting roughed up okay so think about have y'all heard of chaffing a lot of runners get chafing between their legs yes how do you know what the word means could you elaborate yeah chasing is when you rub two surfaces together and over time that rubbing that repetitive rubbing causes basically for your skin to start kind of breaking down getting in a rash actually getting some sores oh that okay and so that was the word for that and so with the membranes with the two layers the parietal layer and the visceral layer if they rub together for a long time they're gonna eventually start tearing each other so that serous fluid between them allows them to kind of glide past each other so it reduces the friction now i drew it pretty big in real life it's about two millimeters so it's really tiny in real life okay so i really encourage you to draw this over and over again and say it out loud because in your head when you're saying it in your head you're going to compensate if you don't know something but if you're saying it out loud you're going to catch yourself and you know that you have to keep practicing it is a tongue twister so don't just say it in your head and get comfortable with it repeat it out loud and that's going to help out a lot can you repeat it miss um uh-huh okay so i'm recording it all right okay so if we are talking about this yellow layer touching the lung okay first we know it's the right lung so it's right then the layer that touches is known as your visceral okay and then since it's the long what's the cavity name plural so right visceral plural okay this green layer lines the actual pleural cavity so it forms a little pouch that's the parietal parietal pleural plural so this is right parietal plural now we don't want these touching each other because they'll rub rough so what's this pink stuff in between serious fluid yep it's the serous fluid so your serous membranes produce serous fluid [Music] okay for your heart what is the name of the yellow that touches the heart visceral the second this is is visceral pericardial what about the green that forms a pouch around the heart that's the parietal partic product he said pericardium pericardial yeah parathyroid rhinopericardial so the green is your parietal pericardial the yellow is your visceral pericardium and then what fluids between the two serous fluid you got it okay thank you so that is just pure practice repetition is key so just make sure that you can say these over and over again and if you have trouble pronouncing them go to any just go to google and do um audio pronunciation and type in the word and it's really helpful okay we're going to skip a few things and go all the way to the end whoops yeah and then we're gonna talk about um this is gonna be bottom of page six and we're gonna talk about abdominopelvic regions and domino pelvic quadrants what page are we on in the lecture book uh 20 now we were on 17 now we're on 20. okay so if i jumped back to this picture this is just me to show y'all something you don't need to worry about this where's this one right here um you'll notice that we have our thoracic cavity up here and then we have everything below the diaphragm and that's your domino pelvic cavity that is going to be a majority of your gi tract so digestion a majority of lungs lungs i cannot speak today not your lungs your lungs are in thoracic the majority of the urinary majority of reproductive a lot of different um endocrine a lot of different lymphatic so what we're seeing is that most of your organs are going to be below the diaphragm and these are found in the abdominopelvic cavity so those are two words mushed together we have abdomen and we have pelvic and we push them together in one word so all of this is your abdominal pelvic cavity because the abdominal pelvic cavity is so large and contains so many organs anatomists have actually created imaginary lines that divide it into sections we are going to cover abdominopelvic regions first okay if you notice i have my lovely rainbow of blue at top above it i have my heart and my lungs so what is this rainbow of blue right here what muscle is that diaphragm the diaphragm so everything above the diaphragm is which cavity what's the name of your chest cavity plastic okay and then everything below the diaphragm is which cavity you got it what game does it look like i drew there you got it so your domino pelvic regions are going to be divided into nine gr spaces or grids and it looks like a tic-tac-toe game all of these abdominopelvic regions are going to be named a very specific name once you know why it's named something it makes it a little bit easier to understand it so what do they cut off of the baby right up above on black accord okay and where does that umbilical cord come from from the blackheads where in the body where do they cut off the baby's body this particular region with the belly button is known as the umbilical region now i want you to take your fingers put them on your belly button and then i want you to trace from your belly button around to the dorsal side so put your fingers on your belly button now trace your fingers around to the dorsal side what part of your back is that high back little back or lower back lower back okay look on the words i have written over here so these words right here they're so small you can enlarge the screen for just what you're seeing okay so what word is gonna represent lower back okay so these regions are the lumbar regions now what's the difference between each of these lumbar regions left and right left and right so here's my right lumbar here's my left lumbar so lumbar means lower back so these regions are going to be comparable with where your lower back is okay the next one i'm gonna draw the stomach this is just a drawing please remember that [Music] your stomach is kind of like a j shaped organ and if you look at the stomach it kind of goes into lots and lots of regents so would there be more than one correct answer for the stomach yes okay now if i wanted to say a region that's above the stomach what two words would i put together oh you got it so i'm gonna write this as epi gastric and basically that's telling us it's above the stomach now if i wanted to say below the stomach what could i say what two would i put together you got it gastric now there's actually an easier one for than hypergastric if you don't want to say the word hypogastric you can use the word pubic so this region is where your pubic bones are and this is where pubic hair grows so that might help you remember that it's the lower middle region it's covering the genital area so if you don't like the term hypogastric use pubic okay go ahead and take your hands and put your hands on your hips that bone that you feel when you put your hands on your hips is called the ilium the ilium is your hip bone okay if you notice when you put your hands on your hips they are parallel to your groin so this area right here is going to be your right and left iliac so the word ilium iliac references your hip and that's the bone that you can feel when your hands are resting on your hips okay the last two are going to be right and left also but i'm going to show you a picture of this before i show you a picture what two words would you put for below cartilage hypochondria hypochondra so it actually ends up saying hypochondriac which you've all heard of people that think that they're sick all the time what was the word again hypochondriac okay and the reason it gets this name is the word chondra means cartilage i'm going to show you a picture okay it's kind of hard to see here but if you look closely you're going to see an outline of the ribs right here the word chondra means cartilage and your ribs are connected to your sternum through cartilage so because of this these areas on the right and the left are known to be beneath the cartilage so cartilage covers these areas in the body and that's where they get their name cartilage covers these areas and that's how they get their name light and left hypo beneath the cartilage can you go back on screen dr r so it's really important to know these regions because when doctors actually do a exam on you a physical on you or if you go to a gynecologist a gi doctor any doctors might lay you on their table on your back with um so if you're laying on your back is that prone or supine you got it okay and then they'll lay you supine and then they're gonna take their hands and they're going to start palpating your abdominal pelvic region if they are palpating and all of a sudden they feel something that doesn't normally present that feels a little odd and they notice that there are some bumps where your urinary bladder might be what region do you think that they are palpating where your urinary bladder would be what region some of y'all are on mute that are talking about if you don't like the word hypogastric what can you say okay so what you have to know is not only the regions you also need to know organs so this picture over here gives you a simplistic overview of the organs very simplistic if a doctor is palpating you and you keep saying ouch that's tender and it's in the area with your appendix what abdominopelvic region is the doctor palpating so you got to look where the appendix is right iliac okay right iliac so if they're going to do a surgery on you they're not going to cut open your whole torso they're going to just do a laparoscopic a small incision surgery where the appendix is so they're only going to operate in that right inguinal region if you have issues and you're constipated and you're just talking about that it's really tender and sore on your descending colon so if you look here this is your ascending colon this is your transverse colon and this is your descending colon it's hidden right now it's kind of hidden by the um by the small intestines so ascending is green you know ascending is going up oh ascending is just going up and that's gonna be the yellow transverses across descending comes down oh i see okay i see you doing the different colors okay yeah and now the descending is not labeled on here because it's almost hidden by the small intestines so yellow ascending grain is transferred now if you have issues with poop backing all the way up and you're super tender and the doctor's like oh you got poop backed up all the way into your descending colon what areas would he palpate to to know that it is backed up poop less lumbar and the less iliac left lumbar left iliac and one other pelvic pelvic there is no pelvic region cubic cubic could be correct there's one more transverse left hypotenuse left hypochondriac because if you look at this picture your transverse colon goes across like this and then when it makes that turn to come down that is your descending so that turn to come down is basically in the left hypochondriac region so anything on the left side would work your pubic region would work so it's about understanding where your organs are if i said that um let me erase this so y'all can see stuff if i said you have issues with your small intestines and maybe they're not absorbing the food properly you're not getting your nutrients properly what could be a correct answer if the for the small intestines umbilical gastric uh left lumbar okay um the embolic region okay and part of the left iliac are just a part of it okay so does this one have a lot of correct answers yes yeah lots of correct answers so you still need to be familiar with your organs and where they are but usually there's more than one right answer usually sometimes there's only one right answer okay if you look at your liver your liver is primarily in two regions what two regions would your liver primarily be in epigastric and great hypothyroidism okay do y'all hear that epigastric and right hypochondriac those are the two primary regions okay so for your abdominopelvic regions it's not enough just to know the names of them you have to be familiar with the organ placement now in addition to the abdominopelvic region there is something called abdominopelvic quadrants these are way easier than the regions so here's my diaphragm here are my quadrants what does the word quad tell you okay so i have right upper quadrant left upper quadrant right lower quadrant left lower quadrant so much easier because it's covering so much more space now because it covers a lot more space do you think some organs are going to be in more than one quadrant yes yes if i drew the urinary bladder what two quadrants what do you tell me it's in right lower left floor right lower left lower okay if i drew your liver which quadrant is it mostly in right upper okay if i drew your stomach remember all these are drawings what would your stomach primarily be in okay and then if i drew small intestines oops what would the small intestines be in all of the above on the test do not write all you won't get credit with the word all just make sure you pick one so this is just to show you that you need to just be familiar not only with where the organs are placed but with the regions and the quadrants and how they overlay should your heart and lungs ever be an answer for any of these no no no okay and that is because your heart and your lungs are above what the diaphragm is on there from yeah so anything beneath the diaphragm is for the quadrants and the regents anything above it is not an answer okay now the last thing we're going to do and we're not going to have a lot of time for this but i'm just going to kind of go over it with y'all is in page 7 of your manual are all of the major organ systems of the human body okay i'm gonna go through and just give you some hints and then we're gonna just cover one of the harder ones so you understand what the goal is you said it was page what four through seven thank you of the textbook so this is page seven and eight in the manual page four through seven in the textbook now because the textbook is just doing a very quick overview on pages four through seven some pictures are going to be much better if they're larger so i'm going to give you page numbers for pictures in the textbook when they get larger so for your skeletal system page 194 is going to be much better for the skeletal system page 194 for the muscular system page 335 and 336. you say 35 and 335 and 336 335 336 okay okay for the endocrine system i'm going to give you a lot of page numbers for the endocrine the pituitary gland is page 478 the pituitary gland is page 478 478 yes the thyroid gland page six two four six two four or page six three nine both are good pictures okay for the adrenal glands page six two four okay for the lymphatic system wait you say adrenal gland six two four tyrod six two four yep okay just making sure for the lymphatic system the spleen is page 809 the spleen is page 809. for the respiratory system page 851 page 51 for your um digestive system page 899. for the parotid if you look very specifically under accessory digestive organs is parotid salivary gland that's page 906 that one is the best picture is going to be 906. okay then the last two are going to be your reproductive male and female the male a good picture is one zero five six for male the good picture is one zero five six and for female it's one zero six nine for the female one zero six nine point zero six nine so if you did give us a page number just page four through seven okay no page number four through seven all right okay so i'm gonna go over the endocrine system with you and the urinary system just so you understand the process and then y'all can do the rest at home and this powerpoint will be posted for it all did you give us the pages for the urinary system if i didn't give it to you it's page four through seven four three seven four through seven okay so the first thing is when you go into your textbook on pages four through seven they're going to give you a very brief overview of functions of each system this is very brief in amp1 and amp2 you go through all the systems in detail so for exercise one it is just a brief overview an introduction so when you look at the endocrine system you're just going to have basic functions they produce hormones they're used for signaling real basic functions okay so you don't stress that there is a whole chapter dedicated to the endocrine your goal is just to know one or two sentence function of it okay so for the endocrine you have the pituitary gland thyroid gland and adrenal gland so this is a picture of the brain and when we look at the brain you're gonna see a little bitty p that hangs down from it do y'all see this yeah okay that little bitty p is hanging down from the brain that is your pituitary gland now even though the pituitary gland is hanging down from the brain what system is the pituitary gland in what system are we covering right now endocrine endocrine so your pituitary gland is part of your endocrine system do y'all know what part what system your brain is a part of cranial nervous nervous therapy nervous it's found in the cranium but it's part of the nervous system so your goal is to be able to identify different structures know their system and then know a one sentence two sentence description of the system okay the next one is the thyroid gland the thyroid gland is going to be found in your neck it kind of looks like a butterfly so this right here is the thyroid gland so i'm gonna uncover it again right there this is the thyroid gland on your neck but now i'm going to cover it with green just so y'all can see where i'm pointing to so that's the thyroid gland and it's on your neck if i said identify the structure you would tell me what's the name of the gland and what system is it in it's in the endocrine you got it okay now the next one is the adrenal glands the the term adp means near the word renal means means kidney so what do you think the adrenal glands are near the kidney the kidneys so if you see this right here these little beans these are your kidneys they look like little kidney beans okay no wonder and then on top of your little kidney beans come on it's not responding on top of your little kidney beans you have these little glands what do you think those glands are on top of your kidney beans those are your adrenal glands what system are the adrenal glands part of endocrine you got it okay so i have a new picture up still very similar to what we just saw it's just an isolated system picture if i asked you to identify these right here these little kidney beans what would you tell me that is kidneys okay kidneys which kidney am i did i just label right or left the right left left left left the left i'm sorry got it okay found them like you yep don't be like me okay now in this picture the kidney it doesn't look the exact same but it's very similar what are these structures sitting on top of the kidney which um system are the adrenal glands in endocrine now which system are your kidneys in urinary and urinary so you got to be careful with that kind of stuff oh so that will be the urethra or something close we're getting there so if i color these little tubes these little tubes take your urine from the kidney to the urethra to the water so the urinary bladder you got to be careful you can't just say bladder because you have a gallbladder too that's a hard habit to break because when we say the word bladder we're usually referring to the urinary bladder but since you have a gallbladder you want to just be careful okay okay um and then these little tubes that take your pee from your kidneys to your bladder is it you right there you got it and how many do you have two two right and a left oh so would you say it's two or it has two sides well there's two your readers there they have two sides so you so we have one on the right one on the left okay just like the kidney okay just like the kidneys now the kidney the ureters the urinary bladder they're all part of what system urinary urinary system you got it urinary system okay so does that kind of make sense that when you look at the models the pictures of the models that you're going to just find a structure label it and know the system so you'll notice that when you'll see this today this is going to go into y'all's um announcements i have a lot of different models these are some of the same models that you already have to practice on here that you can go through and label everything from digestive to reproductive this is some of the um respiratory and then digestive again we got the brain already we did the urinary and some of the endocrine we did the urinary and some of the endocrine on here so these models are very similar to what you will see on the test okay can you go back a little please huh what'd you say vernica can you go back a little bit back up a little bit please to what which picture the brain yeah thank you okay dr r is that i know i remember you saying monday there's a specific um place where we can go to get all the models and the labeling on the models can you tell me exactly where that is so i'm i mean is it in teams or is it in canvas it's in canvas everything's in canvas the only thing that's going to be in teams is going to be the lectures so this will save directly to teams so today's lecture so if you go to exercise one labeling practice exercise one label and practice okay okay and then i will post today's powerpoint for y'all too that we went over in class and that's going to be under announcement yeah i put all that in announcements okay so just a reminder that on monday you have all this due how many pre and post labs do you have to do one one just one can you do all of them yes yes but which do i take the highest grade or the lowest grade the highest okay so if you're playing around just for a practice and you're getting twos and threes don't worry about it i take the highest grades i leave them up there so y'all can be exposed to more practice okay so y'all have a terrific weekend if you're in my lecture class we will start at 11 but i'm going to open before you write us as soon as i exit here okay as far as studying um i've got multiple classes right now different online platforms i just want to try to make sure i'm keeping everything straight