Essential Networking Commands Overview

Sep 2, 2024

Basic Networking Commands Lecture Notes

Introduction

  • Overview of basic networking commands:
    • ipconfig
    • ipconfig /all
    • nslookup
    • ping
    • tracert (Trace Route)

Accessing the Command Prompt

  • How to open Command Prompt:
    1. Click on Start Menu
    2. Type CMD
    3. Select Command Prompt from the programs list

Color Command for Readability

  • Change command prompt text color:
    • Command: color <color_code>
    • Example: color B (Light Aqua)
    • Use help color for color codes

Command Descriptions

1. ipconfig

  • Displays IP configuration details of the computer.
  • Example Output:
    • IPv4 Address: 192.168.29.173
    • Subnet Mask: Accompanies the IP address
    • Default Gateway: 192.168.29.1
      • First router the computer hits

2. ipconfig /all

  • Displays detailed IP configuration, including MAC address.
  • Example Output:
    • Physical Address (MAC): 94-39-E5-A7-4C-4D

3. nslookup

  • Queries DNS server for IP address corresponding to a domain name.
  • Example Command: nslookup www.nesoacademy.org
  • Example Output:
    • IP Address: 192.169.217.12

4. ping

  • Tests connectivity between computers.
  • Command Example:
    • ping 192.169.217.12
  • Can also ping by name: ping www.facebook.com
  • Example of successful reply:
    • Sent 4 packets, received 4 replies (no packet loss)
  • Example of unsuccessful ping:
    • Sent 4 packets, received 0 replies (100% packet loss)

5. tracert

  • Traces the path a packet takes to reach a destination.
  • Command Example: tracert www.nesoacademy.org
  • Shows details of each hop, including intermediate routers.
    • Example hops:
      • Default Gateway: 192.168.29.1
      • Other routers up to destination
  • Maximum of 30 hops allowed, shows IP addresses and timings.

Conclusion

  • Covered basic commands: ipconfig, ipconfig /all, nslookup, ping, tracert.
  • Encouraged practice and understanding of these commands.