Title: osteoporosis
URL Source: blob://pdf/561b7fc2-fc0e-4f2a-8665-78f64134eaeb
Markdown Content:
OSTEOPOROSIS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
> 2
Osteoporosis is a common chronic metabolic bone disorder
resulting in low bone density.
Osteoporosis occurs when the rate of bone resorption
(osteoclast cells) exceeds the rate of bone formation (osteoblast
cells) resulting in fragile bone tissue and can lead to fractures. ETIOLOGY OF OSTEOPOROSIS
Primary Causes
Aging - greater than 50 y/o
Ethnicity - Asian American and White
American
Sex - Females especially after
menopause or ovary removal (both
cause decline in estrogen)
Decreased calcium intake and low Vit
D
High phosphorus = low calcium
Limited protein
Tobacco use
Secondary Causes
Chronic Kidney Disease
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease (COPD)
Multiple Myeloma
Medications - Anticonvulsants
(phenytoin) and Loop diuretics
(furosemide)
Endocrine disorders
(hyperparathyroidism)
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Malabsorption Syndromes
> 3
ASSESSMENT FINDINGS
(SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS)
Reduced height of 5 to 7.5 cm (2 to 3
inches)
Acute back pain after lifting or bending
(worse with activity, relieved by rest)
Restriction in movement and spinal
deformity
History of fractures (wrist, femur,
thoracic spine)
Thoracic (kyphosis) of the dorsal spine
Pain upon palpation over affected
area DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
Radiography
Dual -energy x -ray absorptimetry (DEXA)
Peripheral Quantitative Ultrasound
(pQUS)
Quantitative Computed Tomography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS)
> 5
LABORATORY TESTS
Blood calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus,
hematocrit, ESR, and alkaline
phosphatase levels are drawn to rule
out other metabolic bone diseases
(Pagets disease or osteomalacia).
Blood calcium and vitamin D should
be checked yearly for females at high
risk and yearly after age 50 for males
at high risk.
> 6
## THERAPEUTIC
## PROCEDURES
- Orthotic Devices
- Joint Repair or Joint Arthroplasty
- Vertebroplasty of Kyphoplasty NURSING MANAGEMENT
Encourage weight bearing
exercises
Take calcium and Vit. D
supplements with food
Reinforce the need for exposure to
Vit. D
Assess home environment for
safety
Instruct regarding dietary calcium
food sources
> 8
CLIENT EDUCATION
Limit caffeine, alcohol, and carbonated
beverages
Consume adequate amounts of protein,
Vit K., magnesium, and other trace
minerals
Avoid slippery surfaces
Wear rubber bottomed shoes
Exercises:
o Isometric exercises
o Avoid jarring activities and strenuous
lifting
> 9
# PHARMACOLOGY
## BISPHONATES
## -Alendronate
## -Ibandronate
## -Risedronate
## -Zoledronic Acid
## -Pamidronate NON -PHARMACOLOGICAL
## INTERVENTIONS
## Vitamins
## -Calcium
## -Vitamin D OSTEOPOROSIS COMPLICATIONS
Fractures due to low mineral bone density
Thoracic(Kyphosis) of the dorsal spine
> 12
# Rich in Vitamin D
Protein
Calcium Gerontologic
# Concerns
14
ThePhoto by PhotoAuthor is licensed under CCYYSA.
ThePhoto by PhotoAuthor is licensed under CCYYSA. ThePhoto by PhotoAuthor is licensed under CCYYSA.
ThePhoto by PhotoAuthor is licensed under CCYYSA. EXERCISE AND WEIGHT TRAINING
Exercise 3x a week. Exercise
to include weight training.