Overview
This lecture covers the definition, structure, language features, conjunctions, writing steps, and principles of cohesion and coherence in Indonesian descriptive texts for Grade 9.
Definition and Purpose of Descriptive Text
- Descriptive text explains or depicts objects or places clearly and in detail.
- It allows readers to imagine and emotionally experience the object or place described.
- The aim is to involve the reader in the author's perspective and feelings.
- Figures of speech are used to convey emotions more strongly to the reader.
Structure of Descriptive Text
- Four key elements: Title, General Description, Section Description, Conclusion.
- The title should be short, clear, relevant, and attention-grabbing.
- General description introduces the object or event broadly.
- Section description provides a detailed account of the object or event.
- Conclusion gives the author's impressions of the described object or event.
Language Features of Descriptive Text
- Uses adjectives to describe objects, events, or feelings (e.g., sad, happy).
- Employs nouns for objects or feelings (e.g., fire, happiness).
- Includes action verbs (e.g., writing, watching) and mental verbs (e.g., feeling, remembering).
- Utilizes connotative meanings and figures of speech for emotional impact.
- Differentiates denotative (literal), connotative (emotional), and figurative (comparison) meanings.
Conjunctions in Descriptive Text
- "Because" shows cause; "therefore" shows result.
- "But" (not "but") signals contrast within a sentence.
- "However" and "however" express contradictory ideas between sentences; "however" is more formal.
- "And" connects equal linguistic units.
- "When" indicates simultaneous timing of events.
Steps for Writing Descriptive Text
- Prepare writing materials and recall a memorable event.
- Record detailed, sequential points about the event.
- Use sensory details (sight, hearing, feeling) to enrich descriptions.
- Develop points into a vivid text using connotative language and figures of speech.
- Select engaging diction while remaining truthful to the experience.
- Review and correct spelling, vocabulary, or structure errors.
Cohesion and Coherence in Descriptive Text
- Cohesion means form integration; coherence is meaning integration.
- Good paragraphs have one main idea, all supporting information, and closely related sentences.
- Achieve cohesion using word repetition, conjunctions, pronouns, and linking words.
- Coherence ensures sentences and ideas are logically connected and meaningfully related.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Descriptive Text — A text that depicts objects, places, or events in detail.
- Connotative Meaning — The emotional or additional meaning beyond the literal sense.
- Denotative Meaning — The literal, dictionary meaning of a word.
- Figurative Meaning — A comparative or symbolic meaning, often using figures of speech.
- Cohesion — Unity of form in writing, using connectors and repetition.
- Coherence — Unity of meaning, logical flow and connection between ideas.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Try writing a descriptive text about a memorable event using the described structure.
- Practice identifying adjectives, nouns, verbs, and conjunctions in sample texts.
- Review the concepts of cohesion and coherence by evaluating paragraph structure.