[Music] Hi kids, let's learn Indonesian language grade 9 chapter 1 descriptive text. This material is part of the independent curriculum, yes. A. Definition of descriptive text. The word description has a noun class which means an explanation or depiction in words clearly and in detail. Another meaning is description. An example of a good dictionary usage is one that includes a complete description of the lexicon aspects . Descriptive text describes objects or places in detail, containing detailed explanations or descriptions so that the reader can imagine the object or place described in the text. Descriptive text contains emotional elements. It is as if the reader can feel, see and hear the objects presented. The goal is to detail and describe objects from the author's point of view so that the reader becomes involved in the events and feelings experienced by the author. Descriptive texts also use figures of speech to strengthen the writer's emotions so that they are conveyed to the reader. B. Structure of descriptive text. In general, the structure of a descriptive text contains four elements, namely title, general description, section description, and conclusion. Come on, let's look at the further explanation. The first part is the title. So, the title is the part of the text that describes the contents of the text. The requirements for a good title are that it is short, concise, clear, relevant to the topic, and attracts attention. Second, a general description. In this section, the object or event is described in general to the reader. Third, there is a section description. In this section, a detailed description of the object or event being described is provided. Finally, the closing. Well, this section contains the author's impressions of the object or event being described. C. Language rules for descriptive texts. In general, descriptive texts have the following linguistic characteristics. One, use adjectives to describe objects, events, or feelings. Examples of adjectives are sad, happy, and melancholy. Two, use nouns to refer to the objects, events, or feelings being described. For example fire, loss and happiness. Three, use action verbs to describe the behavior or condition of objects, events, or feelings. Examples include writing, watching, and taking. Three, using mental verbs that aim to express the writer's personal feelings . Examples include forgetting, feeling, and remembering. Five, using words with additional or connotative meanings and figurative language or also known as figures of speech. Connotative meaning is also defined as not being the actual meaning of a word which contains additional emotional value or meaning. This meaning arises because of the addition of meaning to the basic meaning of a word which can be positive or negative and is related to feelings or emotions. For example, the word "kumur" (fall), but connotatively means to die. Examples of its use in the context of war. As we discussed in grade 7, we can use connotative and figurative words to bring the descriptive texts we create to life. As a reminder, here is a brief explanation. One, denotative meaning is the actual meaning or the normal and actual meaning. For example, at night there are many stars in the sky. The word star means a celestial body that is capable of emitting light and producing its own energy. Two, connotative meaning is a meaning that is added to the ordinary meaning, giving rise to a new feeling. For example, Ronaldo and Messi have always been stars in their clubs. The word star means someone who stands out because of their talent and great role. Third, figurative meaning is the meaning of comparison between one object and another object. This figurative meaning is often also called figure of speech. For example, the red king devoured all the residents' settlements. Well, the red king is a metaphorical figure of speech which means fire or conflagration. Meanwhile, the word "melalap" is a form of personification, which is a figure of speech that humanizes inanimate objects. D. Using conjunctions in descriptive text. Conjunctions are words or expressions that connect words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. In this chapter we will learn the use of several conjunctions, namely because, therefore, but, however, however, and when. The first is because, which is a conjunction to indicate a cause or reason. This conjunction connects two clauses or sentences. where the second clause explains the reason or cause of the first clause. For example, Rani did not go to school because she was sick. This sentence consists of two clauses. Firstly, Rani did not go to school. Secondly, Rani is sick. In order for the sentence to be effective, we remove the subject in the second clause. The conjunction because explains the cause of the first clause. So, Rani didn't go to school. The reason is because Rani is sick. Secondly, therefore this conjunction is used to connect two sentences or clauses. The second sentence is a result or consequence of the first sentence. The equivalents are because of that and therefore. For example, he doesn't study hard. Therefore, the value is less than satisfactory. Third, but. But is an intra-sentence conjunction that states something that is contradictory or incongruent. That is, but connecting two things in the same sentence. Usually placed in the middle of a sentence and preceded by a comma. For example, a person is rich but stingy. Then, what about but? But is the standard form of but. So children need to remember, yes, that the correct usage is but, not but. Fourth, however. However is a conjunction between sentences to mark resistance. For example, the weather is very hot, but we still continue school. Fifth, however, however is a connecting word between sentences or paragraphs to express something that is contradictory or inconsistent. However and however can both connect two different sentences. However, the phrase however is more formal than however and is often used in more formal contexts. Sixth, and is a conjunction of linguistic units, namely words, phrases, clauses and sentences of equal value. meaning they are of the same type and have the same function. For example, book and pencil connect two nouns. Well, kids can see other examples, okay? Seventh, when. When is a conjunction to mark the same time, the equivalent of when is when at the time. An example of using the conjunction when is when the older sibling was born, the father was on duty in the city. E. Writing descriptive text. The steps for writing a descriptive text about feelings are generally the same as the steps for writing a descriptive text about objects. However, there are some additional points to note. In essence, feelings are abstract. while objects are concrete. So special steps and techniques are needed to describe feelings. Here are the steps in question. One, prepare paper and writing tools. Remember an event that you found very memorable. Second, record the details of the incident from second to second. Make the points. Third, involve the senses of sight and hearing as well as feelings to see, hear, and feel the series of events. Remember and note down everything you see, hear, and feel in each series of events. Fourth, develop these points into a descriptive text using interesting language. Five, use words with connotative meaning. and figures of speech to make your descriptions more vivid and memorable. Sixth, use interesting diction but still in accordance with what you are describing. Be honest with your sight, hearing and feelings. Seventh, reread the descriptive text you have created. Correct immediately if there are any spelling, vocabulary, sentence or paragraph errors. F. Understanding cohesion and coherence in descriptive text. The definition of cohesion is the integration of form and coherence is the integration of meaning. Cohesion and coherence are important aspects of writing. By understanding cohesion and coherence, you can produce writing that is easy to understand and comfortable to read. Now pay attention to the following section. Good paragraph. it must have cohesion and coherence. Cohesion contains several aspects. The first one contains one main idea. Second, all information supports the main idea. Third, the sentences are closely related to the main idea. And fourth, the sentences refer to the first sentence. Specifically for the fourth point, if the idea is at the beginning, yes. In order for the paragraphs we write to have cohesion, we can use repetition of words from the previous sentence, use conjunctions between sentences, use personal pronouns, or also use demonstrative pronouns. Coherence contains several aspects, namely there is integration of meaning and the meaning of the following sentence is related to the meaning of the next sentence. In its application, a coherent paragraph has a repetition of the meaning of the information in the next sentence. The second sentence, and the next sentence are always related. [Music]