[Music] Oh, doctor, you've tired me out. How are you, engineer? Could you tell me a little about the hotel design that you submitted yesterday? What's wrong, sir? You don't like it or what? Just tell me where the idea came from. By God, I was sitting by myself, yes, by yourself. Where exactly? I mean, I was upset. Yes, like this. And even things. I was sitting in a cafe downstairs. Yes, a cafe. Things got mixed up. Okay, just continue. I got stuck while I was in the cafe, so I went to the bathroom. Things started to become clear again while I was in the bathroom. Okay, okay, no more details. An idea came to me that doesn't need to be explained. I understood myself. I was craving ice cream, ice cream, yes, chocolate ice cream. And here the idea started to emerge in my mind. That's why I designed the hotel in a brown color and in a spiral shape, exactly like chocolate ice cream. I'm really eager, frankly, to know your genius analysis of the design and analyze why the patient It's clear, okay, what do you think of the idea? By God, Mr. Engineer, I would like to tell you, may your hands be safe for coming up with this design. Let me tell you for the first time, literally, that if this idea was replaced with a chocolate bar, it could have been better. Show me now. [Music] My dear viewers, God bless you. Welcome to a new episode of the program “Al-Daheh.” If we go back to the sixties and seventies of the last century, specifically to the United States of America, he said to her, my dear, the country was boiling with the civil rights movement led by Martin Luther King, the movement whose goal was to abolish racial discrimination laws and guarantee the right to photography for African Americans. During the same period, students appeared, taking over the universities and the streets against events such as the Vietnam War. It is very easy, my dear, from where I am now, you and I, who consider the future for them, we are sitting, proud, after 60 years, looking and analyzing, and we see that this movement and these demonstrations had a real role in ending racial discrimination and had a role True, in the American withdrawal from Vietnam, but the irony is that many researchers will consider that these events affected the last field we can imagine, which is the field of architecture. Many architectural sources will link these events to the emergence of an architectural style, an architectural style that is distinctive in its form and in its name, a style called brutalist architecture. Ahmed, don’t fool me, I’m starting to get tired of the relationship between these demonstrations and events and architecture. What is the difference between brutalist architecture and a zebra, my dear? Take it easy so I can explain to you according to the sources. The new architectural style, which is called the brutalist style, will spread widely, especially in the design of university buildings, as it is a deliberate reaction to limit student demonstrations and also to limit the control of demonstrators over buildings. You ask me how, and I will tell you how. If we talk about any classical architectural style, we will find that all of them have clear entrances and exits to the building. You will find a large dome, usually under which is the main entrance and the grand staircase as soon as you enter, and the offices that are distributed in an expected way, and the paths of movement are in it Mahfouzah style remained Brutalism comes and tells you to lean on me, my master, these words are different from everyone before me, I am different from them, the style of savage architecture, a style that has no catalog, an unexpected style. I want you, for example, my dear, to look at this building. Look with me at this building that is located in the University of Wisconsin. This is the Humanities Building. It was designed by the American architect Harry Weiss and it was opened in 1969. The irony, my dear, is that this building will be known among the students as the Inhumanities Building. Just as law students call the college the College of Injustice, this building will also be called harsh and difficult names: the Maze, the Warehouse, the Prison. This is because of the strange design. Look here, you will find the mass of the building strange. You go up from street level to a courtyard on the first floor level in order to know how to enter the building and go up to attend lectures on the sixth and seventh floors. Abu Hamid stopped displaying these pictures. I am starting to expect from you. Where are the floors in the middle? The contractor laughed at you. The problem, my dear, is that there are no floors in the middle. There are none, Abu Hamid: Honestly, the second floor doesn't exist at all. As for the third and fourth, they're just pieces, yes, and pieces, no. By the way, we're talking about Fleming's cheese. We go in and find a floor. No, my dear. This means that you can enter from a door that doesn't lead to the third and fourth floors, and you find yourself going up to the sixth floor straight away. You have to go out and go back to the courtyard and walk from outside to enter the right door, or go up to the sixth floor and go down from the other side to the fourth floor. My dear, the movement inside the building is very difficult, as you can see. First, understanding it requires a tremendous mental effort, years of implementation. Because of the distances you're going to take, you need to walk long distances to get from one side of the building to the other side. Take this building, you can enter from street level, from underground level, and from the first floor level. Look at the building from outside. You see this slope. This is what separates the street level from the first floor courtyard. This is to organize the movement of entry and exit, and thus it won't be open from all directions. The doors Also, it is distributed in a very strange way for you in this picture, for example, a staircase that takes you up to the entrance above, and right next to it is a door that takes you into the building. You stand in front of it, not knowing how to enter. I am a door. Abu Ahmed, I don’t see the direction here. This building was definitely made to prevent students from controlling the buildings. Should I tell you that this system actually contributed to breaking up the gatherings of demonstrators and preventing them from being able to disrupt the work of the buildings? But despite what I am telling you, there is a very respected point of view that tells you that this matter was not a conspiracy or a clever trick by the authorities, but rather simply the emergence of this type of architecture coincided with these events by pure coincidence. It succeeded in giving it a purpose. Yes, but it is not necessary that this be the purpose for which it spread. The truth of the matter is that the story of the protocol is much bigger than being an engineering trick against gatherings of students or other things. Let me tell you a story from the beginning, and let us begin with the name. The brutal principality may seem like an interesting expression. How can something that we consider beautiful be… Minute, like architecture, the body that connects engineering and art, it becomes something brutal. Let me tell you that the subject of this name is also a coincidence. What does the house represent to you? You could say that this is the place in the world where you feel most comfortable or you consider it your safest, except of course on Fridays and your father is sitting at home, you turn into a failed and failed plumber. This is Eid Mubarak to you and the plumber. With all due respect to the pseudo-plumber, you know how to behave well. You are not good at all types of drainage. Focus on the drainage that you do. You said apart from Fridays, the house is considered your most important home. You can hear words about loving the home and emotional answers about homes like this from the architect Fed Aji, who says that buildings are deep emotional structures that shape our psychological state. But to the question, what does the house represent to you? One of the most important answers that will shape the architecture of the century will appear from the most famous architects of the twentieth century and the most important pioneer of architectural proto-Lucy, Le Corbusier. His answer, my dear, will not be an emotional answer at all like these people. Le Corbusier will come to you and tell you that a house is a main for living, that a house is for living in. Forget about the psychological talk, forget about comfort, that house is a concrete cart that has no wheels. We are walking for you. What he means here is that the architecture will deal with the house as you deal with the foundation and electrical appliances. He is saying that the house is for living, just as the chair is for sitting. The most important thing is not the decoration of the house or its aesthetics, but rather the priority is that it achieves the functional purpose for which it was built. We can say simply that the main idea of the building is to provide cheap housing quickly and with good quality. This is evident in famous buildings designed by Le Corbusier, such as the Unidé Habitation building, or the housing unit, the building that was opened in 1952 in Marseille, France. The building reflects Le Corbusier’s vision of the philosophy that I explained to you, and the most important thing is that it reflects his vision of the future of the world after World War II. Of course, I do not need to tell you that the world before World War II The second world changed after World War II. At that time, people were fighting with conscience, but the wars that start for me on Twitter and end for me on YouTube, no, I don’t know where the wars of the past are. The future after Aleppo, the second operation is written on it, as you say, a socialist vision, a vision that believes in absolute equality between people, and in our episode as an architectural episode between residents, a vision that tries to achieve equality between homes and each other. A future that is supposed to be in an ideal, integrated society, a society that meets the needs of its residents in the easiest and fastest way, and this is the first thing that appears in the housing. Bouzieh will put various activities in one building, from a nursery to a doctor’s clinic to shops where you can buy your basic needs and even swimming pools as well. A building that achieves many functions without any wiring. He will also ask the building contractors present in the project to use raw concrete. Why are we going to use it as an external material for the building without any additives? Brut concrete, and use, my dear, this concrete does not stink or rot. Costs, but because concrete was a modern building material at that time, something that embodied the spirit of the new era, an honest material without embellishment or decorations, no unnecessary additions. The verbal development began when the name entered English after raw concrete was called Brut Beton in English Brutal Concrete or hard concrete, and this is because of the large concrete surfaces. You see the distortion and the rose play that transformed from raw concrete to hard concrete. May God protect you from the evil of hard concrete. Its heart is stone, it makes everyone around it see you thirsty and does not pour water. Third floor, Civil, second floor, in the year 1955, an architect named Runner Benha wrote an article promoting a project of his design, in which he described the style used in the building, which is the concrete style, as Brutalism. This term was the first time it appeared in a description of an architectural work, so the best and most accurate translation of the name is not supposed to be brutalist architecture or Brutalism, but the raw architecture comes from A material in which we use building materials as they are, without finishing or covering it, without makeup, Abu Ahmed, where was this talk when we were getting married? I know my luck, I would have taken a quarter-finished apartment because semi-finishing is the finishing in this episode. By God Almighty, you are the best gift for the conspirators in the world. If they see you, they will take a leave. We do not need to do anything. He just wiped himself off. Anyway, the article spread and the name stuck, and this name was associated with this type of architecture forever. The spread of this term made Benham write about it in more detail in a book published in the mid-sixties, a book entitled The New Brutalism. It is Abu Hamad, it had become old, not exactly. Brutalism is considered a branch of modern architecture that shares several characteristics with it. Let us describe it, as Benham describes it, as an architectural style whose concepts are completely removed from the concepts of traditional architectural composition. That is, a style that does not follow the usual visual composition, the composition in which there is conformity and symmetry, but rather it is shaped according to the nature around it and responds to it without any Restrictions or rules up to here we are facing an architectural style that appeared in certain circumstances and possessed certain characteristics, but it would turn into a source of inspiration for many architects, and its strange characteristics, ironically, would be the reason for its spread. Brutalism spread in Europe after World War II because with the end of the war, many cities were completely destroyed. The war left behind millions of homeless people. The circumstances forced officials and architects to act quickly. We must solve this housing problem. Yesterday we need a quick and cheap construction method, and not only that, but this also carries within it hope, philosophy and beauty in the midst of this destruction. This has become an existential requirement, not a luxury. Therefore, the solution will be in huge buildings that are built quickly and at low costs, without any decorations or additional materials. And whoever is looking for beauty should go to Talat Mustafa. All I am telling you is that Brutalism imposed a practical building style that meets the needs of the stage. Put this in context with the stories that began You have it so that you understand where we came from, where we are going, and how we walk. Brutalism and its reliance on a modern material like concrete was very suitable for the post-war period, the period that witnessed a very large development in technology. People were dreaming every now and then that a new machine would come along that would do something we did not know how to do. Here I will explain to you the idea of aesthetic hope, the idea that Brutalism brought, the brutal pomegranate, came at a time when the space race and reaching the moon were controlling people. Suddenly, ideas for buildings began to come from very strange sources. The shapes of spaceships became a source of inspiration, and this motivated architects like Arch Gram to draw visions of buildings that move. What does it mean to create with my wife? He told her, “I took the house and left.” No, I want her to be the one to leave the house and leave, my dear. Don’t worry. She is not present now. At least she was just an existing idea. Keep in mind that the architect, when he designs, always has his eyes on… The future naturally wanders in his imagination with him, and the huge buildings that I told you about took 10 years between design and implementation, so the thinking about them, even if only partially, was expected and showed us how the future would look. Come on, my dear, let’s see the result. The buildings that were produced during this period shared some characteristics. You know them immediately when you see them, for example, the sizes of the buildings, the pressure that can accommodate a large number of activities and spaces. All of this is achieved at a low construction cost. You also have the distinctive geometric shapes. You will be able to distinguish the shapes of squares and rectangles, as well as circles and triangles, which are superimposed on each other. Look, for example, at the former headquarters of the Ministry of Road Planning in Georgia, the headquarters that was designed by the architect George Shkafa. The building that was built in 1975 is a group of rectangles on top of each other, blocks like this, my dear. It is very similar to the geometric shapes in the Tetris game, or the things that come down from above and you sit and adjust Likewise, Shakafa says that the idea was intentional to make the building a part of nature, so you find the building raised off the ground so that the trees grow and develop in the project area and the view of the sky permeates the buildings, so the birds can fly at ease. The building, as you say, did not intrude on nature, but became a part of it. Another model is the library building at the University of California, San Diego, designed by architect William Pereira and opened in 1970. You will find the building resembling a spaceship, a tree that grows the higher it goes, and this is without the building compromising the most important feature of protoalism, which is to fulfill the function of construction. You will see the shape of the structure that supports the building, very clear and sharp. You also have the Maus Bunker building in Berlin, designed by Gerd and Bandelina Hanska. This building took 10 years to build and was opened in 1981. The building was opened specifically to be a center for animal experiments. The angles in it and the blue pipes that resemble cannons made people compare it to a ship. War also the House of Atomists building, the nuclear house, which is also known as the ship ship, this building was completed in 1986 in Moscow, its length was 400 meters and it included more than 900 residential units. Imagine we want a WhatsApp group on Eid night, 899 neighbors, if each one sent a sticker that was once a taste of vibration. The purpose of the building was to provide housing for the nuclear scientists who were living in the Soviet Union, Abu Hammad. The nuclear scientists did not find housing, they had nothing but this cramped building. Nuclear scientists were supposed to be few in society and therefore important. You are talking about a time when there was a nuclear war and preparations for nuclear war. Well, we are talking about the Soviet Union. No one had any housing there. Equality, yes, but on the zero line. The important thing is that proto-colonialism spread in most parts of the world, starting with the Soviet Union and the communist regimes, which, as I explained to you, were very suitable for them to have cheap buildings. Buildings There are many advantages in relation to its cost. Benevolence will continue to spread and travel to Latin America and Southeast Asia and then go to Africa. What are we, Abu Hamid? We have a brutal architecture in Africa. Yes, and in Egypt, for example, you have huge residential buildings like the Agha Khan Towers, Maadi Towers, or the Engineers Towers in Maadi. Their name might cost you a highway and a axis. By the way, my dear, these buildings were also built at a time when there was a housing crisis in Egypt. But if you are looking for something with a composition like what we saw in the episode, you will find the Hilton Cairo building and the Czech Embassy building in Giza. Most of these were built in the eighties, but my dear, if we were to choose just one country that most adopted this style, it would undoubtedly be the United Kingdom, without a doubt, because in the fifties the government there commissioned a number of architects and planners to study the Le Unité de Habitation building by Corbusier. They take it as a model for housing. They see this building and want a lot of it. It has become a luxury. This, of course, led to the spread of proletarianism there strongly. One of the most famous models is the Surlic Tower in London, a building that is considered an improved and larger version of another similar building called the Fron Tower, which was designed by the same architect, Ernest Goldfinger. Surlic Tower was completed five years later and was opened in 1972. Its height reached 31 floors with a total length of approximately 100 meters. This made it the tallest residential building in Europe. The tower includes 175 residential units that accommodate about 1,000 residents. The building consists of two blocks: a small block containing the stairs, elevators, and the heating and ventilation system, and a second, large block containing the residential units. They are connected by a small bridge every three floors. This is because the elevator stops every three floors to relieve the pressure on it. At that time, you can pray to God that the elevator stops on your floor. My dear, we have buildings whose idea is Genius buildings that perform their function successfully and also solve housing problems. Through them, architects can think and imagine a bright future, a future in which houses can move like spaceships or grow like nature. That’s good. Do you think you can get a 50-meter studio that will keep growing with you? It can open up two rooms and a hall, or turn into a garden. Who knows, maybe you’ll find it starting to grow and expand and looking like an uptown? But despite thinking about the future, they understand that architecture should not abandon its functional mission, nor the idea of cheap concrete that saves costs. Ahmed, I respect you and Mr. Komprizier. You’re talking from the architects’ point of view and from the point of view of the countries that want to save costs. I’m not the governor, I’m one of the salt of the earth. I’m interested in the people, the residents. So now the question is, are the buildings that impressed the designers and were adopted by the governments pleasing to the residents themselves or not? If we go, my dear, to the architect Goldfinger, the man I was just talking to you about, we’ll find him living Close to someone named Yaman Fleming, this is Abu Ahmed, your friend. No, my dear, this is the writer of the James Bond film series. I wish he was my friend. I would have been the agent. Oh, oh, oh. An agent. The writer Fleming was very upset about the buildings that Goldfinger was building. What increased his hatred of them was that Goldfinger built a residential complex near him in the Hammersdown area. In order to build it, they had to demolish a large number of old houses. Here, Fleming decided to take revenge on Goldfinger in the worst possible way. May God protect you from the wrath of the writers. Fleming made a James Bond film. What did he name it? He named it Goldfinger. No, almost. No, it was named after the villain in the film. And for the man’s luck, the film succeeded and broke the world and remained one of the most successful James Bond films in history. God, my dear, is among us. The writers get upset. You get upset. We wake up in the morning and find yourself next Ramadan, afflicted with a plague. In the second episode of the Trossick event, someone from “Where do you live?” attacks you. But away, my dear, from this story. The problem is that hating the shape of these buildings wasn’t Fleming’s problem alone, so that no one would say the matter was personal and intentional. The Financial Times chose the building in 1984. As someone who hears these are the ugliest buildings in the world, frankly, I don’t know if I were in Goldfinger’s situation, would I be happy with the movies and what the newspapers say and remain one of the pioneers, or would I be upset about the title that I became famous for, the villain in James Bond, and the worst buildings in the world. This is the last reputation I needed as an architect. It might also be one of the things that didn’t serve the style far. I mean, the issue is its shape, its effectiveness and performance of its functions, the thing that Brutalism is supposed to focus on. This style tells you that form isn’t everything, the most important thing is that the building works for its own sake. Brutalism architecture described it as beauty with perfect proportion in everything, all working and performing a function, but in reality, the buildings were the complete opposite. The spread of this Brutalist style coincided with the introduction of new technology in construction, especially in The field of drainage, heating and insulation are some of the things that hold the groom back at the end of this marriage. Because everything in the beginning is an experiment, we find that most of the technology used was quickly destroyed. Even the raw concrete, which is the secret of the beauty of the style, also did not withstand the ravages of time, so its color began to darken and blacken with time. All of this reinforced the negative image of the Brutalist style and made it, for many people, a term that reminds them of bad things like frequent breakdowns, narrow spaces and difficult economic conditions. This came after the Second World War and was greatly encouraged by the Soviet Union. So, a bad omen for you, for example, the Trillic building in England is a perfect example of this talk because in the same year of its opening, one of the careless residents played with the fire extinguisher pipe on the 15th floor. Frankly speaking, this caused the water to flood the elevator system. Not only that, but the electricity was cut off in the entire tower. I will tell you about the worst thing. This happened during the New Year’s holiday, meaning an official holiday, and England does not There is no industry, guys, no one will move to fix it for you until the vacation is over and he is digesting all those who were on vacation, so the residents found themselves dressed and does anyone among you know who is playing with the fire hose? The residents in their complaint said that they had to go down 900 steps to use the water tap in the garden in front of the tower and they had to go back up again, all of this in the dark, so either the water would fall from them or they would drink it on the way, and by the time they get up they will have already entered. The most difficult paradox is that many of the proto-buildings that were built ideally to solve real problems and visions of the future will have their architecture as the basis of a future free of crime, darkness and fear. Abu Ahmed, I don’t like this brutal architecture. I mean, the Trillic Tower, in time, will not only be linked to malfunctions and inefficiency, but like many of the huge residential proto-buildings, it will also be linked to crime. The tower, in time, has become known as the Tower of Terror. Tower of Terror and this is because of the high crime rates, in addition to drugs, prostitution and rape crimes. Abu Ahmed, you have wait a minute, my dear. I feel that I am slipping into your narrative trap. First, you started with the negatives and told me that it is a building of control and authority. Then you told me that it is a beautiful building and helps those displaced by the war because it is cheap. Then you started telling me that it has faults and inefficiency and that its appearance is not beautiful and that it breaks down with time. The question here, Abu Hamid, what I am asking you is, did it lead to the crime? Abu Hamid, my dear, the residents of the tower before they were in the tower lived in small houses on the street next to each other. The neighbors, as you say, all saw each other. There was a state of social security because there was supervision. Ahmed speaks with my voice. I am sorry, my dear. If someone was walking on the street and something happened to him, there are several people he sees and is ready to save him if he needs help or if someone harassed him, for example, if there is a drug dealer or someone He is trying to steal or someone wants to be a thug. People will not only see him but they might gather him and... Prevent him or report him. If people needed the police, they would enter with cars from every direction, from every road, and surround the street and quickly bring in anyone who is out of the law. But in the tower, my dear, there are many dark corners and apartments where no one is living. Many of them, if someone calls for help, you do not know which floor or which apartment. You do not know if you go down to help, will anyone come and help you or will everyone pretend not to hear? And also, you are not seeing the whole scene. You do not know how many criminals there are. So imagine if the elevator is broken, it is impossible for the police to save anyone. My dear uncle, I have a criminal who committed a crime on the 27th floor, and the police are below wanting to get him out. All he has to do is open the door and block the elevator. Come on, get up. The police decide that he should go up the stairs. The police, while he is on the 26th floor. Glory be to He who made us subservient. This thief slipped with sticks. My dear ones, too. The main migration they made is no more than a military coup. A thief can hide in many apartments. You have hundreds of units. One of the problems was that the government only gives these apartments to low-income employees, who are usually Muslim people living from day to day. However, sometimes they use them as shelters for the homeless, and other times they house people with criminal records, especially since the owners of private properties refuse to rent to them. Here you are faced with a population composition that you would not wish on your worst enemies. You have families trying to live in peace, but they are surrounded by a number of registered offenders, the unemployed, and people with criminal records. Although, my dear, this could be a kind of support for people with criminal records, in that it brings them back to normal life again, the circumstances of society were not forgiving. No one has job stability, no one lives in a safe environment. Therefore, even the families of employees became increasingly afraid. Perhaps this state of fear continued for up to a year. 1984 When the occupants association was established, something like the owners association, this association was the one that began to solve the problems, but with the entry of capitalism and the sale of apartments to the wealthy, did the tower change completely? The problem is that this example is not an exceptional case that ended with a few solutions. The same story happened exactly in the housing project, the housing project in Port Igo in America, which is a low-rise housing project consisting of 33 buildings that include, my dear, 2,870 apartments that can accommodate more than 100,000 residents. Architecture Forum magazine described it at the time of its construction in the fifties as the best housing project of the year in America, but its residents faced the same suffering that happened in the Trillion Tower, the same increase in crime rates, the same levels of fear, but the end of the project was more tragic because in March and April of 1972, orders were issued to demolish the entire project, even the Humanities Building, with which we began our story, also faced the same fate. The problems with the building began from the first year. When you install a floor heating system, which was a new system at the time, but it broke down after one year of operation, the problem is not that it broke, the problem, to be honest, is that it was built so that the heating system cannot be dismantled in the building because you will have to break the entire floor, and the building has remained without heating since then until today. The same thing applies to insulation. Every little while, the building was dripping from one side to the point that there was a page created on Instagram documenting the number of cockroaches in the building. Every time they find new ones, they make a story. We find the building sitting idle. This is because the walls absorbed a lot of water, to the point that there was a danger of connecting electricity in a conflict with utilities. That is why there were demands to demolish the building, and finally a demolition decision was issued for it this year. Protocolism, my dear, as a philosophy and as a style, focuses on function and efficiency. It is supposed to mean that it tries to see the future in the design that will be drawn In the present, the journey was very ambitious, but it ignored the fact that achieving an ideal function for the building might come at the expense of its residents. We find the best description of the end of this journey in the words of the architectural historian Charles Jencks, who described the scene of the destruction of the giant complex that I spoke to you about as an embodiment of the end of modernity. He explains the meaning of his word and says: The end of the stage of ignoring differences in cultures and social backgrounds, the end of dealing with people as if they were all the same, dealing with people as if they were tools in a machine, all similar to each other and able to live in the same thing, not as human beings with their own fantasies and freedom of choice. The paradox of proto-ism will continue as a way to imagine the future. Abu Hamid imagined it before and emerged from this structure. Aziz is exactly what I mean. It has become a way to imagine a future that is not bright and not ideal. The architecture of brutalism played a major role in cinema, especially films that present a pessimistic vision of the future, the world that will end tomorrow, the collapsed village and the city that was overrun by crime. For example, you have the film Lead Runner, produced by 1984 Director Ridley Scott imagined Los Angeles in 2019. He imagined it would be a gloomy city where residents live in huge, clustered buildings, all next to each other, in apartments that look like sardine cans. The brutal architecture in this dark world plays the role of the hero, and this is embodied by the Tyrrell Corporation building, which is shaped like a large pyramid. The same thing happened in the 2012 film Total Recall and the 2021 film Dune. But what is striking is the 1927 film Metropolis, meaning even before the boom and spread of Brutalism. The film imagines cities of the future, 100 years in the same image I told you about: crowded cities, large buildings, dense population, the rich living above and the working classes living below. All of this is so that the city remains functional. People have always associated the dark future with overcrowding and giant buildings that focus on function, but the building remains a place for housing, a place to live only. The truth, my dear, is that this description is more appropriate for a prison than it is It is not suitable for the house, and this is the biggest fear of people, that the houses and cities they live in will become prisons that imprison them inside. Nothing matters in these prisons except that they take a large number at the lowest cost. If we come to the present moment, my dear, we find that Brutalism has recently begun to return to the picture, especially among the Millennials and the Gentiles, through pages and videos on social media. It is difficult for us to say that it has returned for the same reasons that made Corbusier and other architects fall in love with its beauty. Perhaps the new generations will connect with it because it is something that breaks the monotony and boredom, especially in the contemporary architectural reality. The architectural reality that plays the easy game plays the sword design. It is much less daring in its ideas and visions than Brutalism. Well, imagine, my dear, that you have the ability and the dream to design a building for 10,000 people, and perhaps because the brutalist architecture from a certain angle, people might consider it beautiful in the pictures and camera lenses. This architecture has a It's beautiful on Instagram, it will appear beautiful on Snapchat, Instagram, and social media, and maybe it's also a kind of nostalgia and longing for the past that is gone and will most likely not return, a past that we see without experiencing the feelings of distress and fear that the residents of the towers I told you about experienced, and that's because we didn't have to go through the experience of living inside these buildings, so we were able to stop and appreciate the beauty hidden behind the problems of maintenance, crime, and overcrowding. Brutalist architecture, or raw architecture, as we know, stands between beauty and ugliness, in points. Some see it as a brutalist architecture, a building devoid of any human aspects, and some support it, who see it as giant, beautiful, fiery architectural sculptures. But whether you like Brutalism or hate it, it has occupied a special place in modern history. It was able to reflect the spirit of the storm of the sixties and seventies in a way that no other tower could do, an image that embodied hope for an ideal future in which people build giant buildings that include ideal, equal societies. Small utopia, but humans woke up to a more complex reality. People found themselves in a limited reality, much narrower than their imagination. They were surprised that the technology they relied on and made their lives easier could fail and turn people's lives into hell. We couldn't even predict people's behavior or the impact of the presence of buildings like this on them as a society, and how the design of one building could encourage them to commit heinous crimes in one way or another. The building here turned into a partner in crime. The partner helps you hide and escape punishment. The architect Frank Louis Wright considered architecture to be the illiterate art of man, perhaps because the way you design the space you live in can affect your relationship with people and the world around you. That's why he would say that without our own architecture, there is no soul for our civilization. The story of architecture is a conception of how you can imagine something in your mind, an ideal imagination for architecture and residential space, but in practice and reality, all of this turns into a disaster. The disaster that reflects the nature of civilization and the time of the time that considered humans to be numbers and gears that can easily be confined inside a machine in one place for no reason in this place other than that it accommodates them. Everything became dependent on the function that the building provides. This is an image that is enough to turn any utopia or any imagination of an ideal city into hell. God save us. 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