Mixed Methods Research

Speaker:

• Stephen Henderson
• Minority health and health disparities researcher
• Focus on mixed methods research

Objectives:

• Define mixed methods research
• Purpose of mixed methods research
• Describe 3 basic mixed methods research designs:
  1. Convergent Parallel Design
  2. Explanatory Sequential Design
  3. Exploratory Sequential Design
• Visual display of mixed methods procedures, results, and rationale

Definition of Mixed Methods Research:

• Combines quantitative and qualitative research techniques, methods, approaches, concepts, or language into a single study
• Integrates two forms of data by merging them, connecting them, or embedding them within the other
• Can prioritize one or both forms of data
• Involves methodological triangulation: using at least two methods to address the same research question

Purpose of Mixed Methods Research:

• When a single method is inadequate to fully answer research questions
• Ensures a comprehensive approach to solve research problems

Basic Mixed Methods Research Designs:

1. Convergent Parallel Design

• Also known as Concurrent Design
• Collects and analyzes quantitative and qualitative data separately
• Merges results for overall interpretation
• Strengths:
  • Efficient, allows team research
  • Offers multiple perspectives
• Challenges:
  • Requires expertise, different samples and sizes
  • Difficult to merge data meaningfully
  • Contradictory results can be difficult to understand

2. Explanatory Sequential Design

• Quantitative data is collected and analyzed first, followed by qualitative data
• Qualitative data is used to explain quantitative results
• Strengths:
  • Distinct phases, straightforward
  • Appeals to qualitative researchers
• Challenges:
  • Time-consuming, potential IRB considerations
  • Deciding who to sample in qualitative phase
  • Must identify questions needing further explanation

3. Exploratory Sequential Design

• Qualitative data is collected and analyzed first, informing quantitative phases
• Useful when quantitative measures are unavailable
• Strengths:
  • Straightforward process
  • Produces meaningful instruments
  • Bridges qualitative and quantitative methods
• Challenges:
  • Time-consuming, requires IRB considerations
  • Instrument development requires training and skills

Variations of Basic Designs:

1. Intervention Design

• Involves conducting an intervention informed by both qualitative and quantitative data
  • Example: Pretest-posttest with quantitative and qualitative data

2. Multi-Stage Evaluation Design

• Studies a program over time
• Starts with exploratory methods, then evaluates quantitative and qualitative data post-intervention

Visual Representation of Mixed Methods Studies:

• Use diagrams to illustrate data collection, analysis, and interpretation
• Example study on psychological well-being and preventive care in midlife African-American women
  • Integration of two theoretical frameworks
  • Developed model and aims for clarity

Juxtaposing Results

• Compare and contrast qualitative themes and quantitative findings side-by-side
• Identify if results converge, expand, or diverge
• Divergent results can highlight unexplored issues

Conclusion:

• Mixed methods provide a comprehensive approach to research
• Helpful references for more in-depth information
• Knowledge check questions