hi my name is Stephen Henderson I'm a minority health and health disparities researcher with a focus on mixed methods research today I'm going to give you an overview of three basic mixed methods research designs and give you some tips on visually describing a mixed method research design and interpreting mixed methods results so the end of this lecture we'll be able to define mixed methods research and describe the purpose of conducting mixed message research you'll also be able to describe three basic mix basic mixed methods research designs and the strengths and challenges associated with each and you'll also be able to visually display mixed methods procedures results and rationale for interpretations of findings so what exactly is a mixed message research it's defined as a class of research where the researcher mixes or combine quantitative and qualitative research techniques methods approaches concepts or language into a single study and integrates the two forms of data by merging them connecting them or embedding them within the other it also gives priorities to one or both forms of data and finally mixed methods research incorporates qualitative and quantitative data procedures into a specific research study design or the study that's often claimed by theories from philosophical assumptions methodological triangulation is the use of at least two methods usually qualitative and quantitative to address the same research question you want to use two methods to address your research problems when a single research method is inadequate to fully answer your research questions or to ensure that the most comprehensive approach is used to solve our research problems next we'll talk specifically about concurrent and sequential design but it's important to note that sometimes in mixed message research qualitative and quantitative data are given equal priority and at other times one method may be even higher priority for indominus status over the other so the two-by-two figure shows what I mean by both methods have an equal priority or one out of Domino status over the other the choice of your methodological emphasis should be based on your research question first and foremost and which methods allow you to appropriately and comprehensively gain the most insight to address your research problem the first basic mixed message research design is the convergent parallel design it's also referred to as the concurrent design in this design the researcher will collect and analyze quantitative and qualitative data separately and large results of both methods and the overall interpretation so the purpose of the convergent parallel design is to obtain different but complementary data on the same topic its strength is that it's efficient you lend itself to team research because different team members can work on both methods at the same time it can gain multiple aspects of a power from different perspectives the challenge is that is a flawed of Efrain expertise you have to consider different samples and district sample sizes and sometimes it's difficult to merge two sets of data and results in a meaningful way and sometimes contradictory results can be enlightening or they can be difficult to understand quantitative data is needed to understand trends and relationships associated with your research problem in qualitative it is needed to understand in-depth perspectives of individuals together both methods give a complete holistic and comprehensive exploration of the phenomenon being studied the next basic mixed-methods design in the explanatory sequential design in this design quantitative data is collected and analyzed first followed by qualitative data collection analysis and then the results of both are summarized and triangulated this design is most useful when a researcher works understand the mechanisms are reasons behind change the results are quantitative data analysis he basically want to use your qualitative data to explain or quantitative results this design should be used in a researcher knows the constructs and variables that need to be explored to have access to quantitative measures and instruments to assess those variables the researcher has to have the ability to ask and be able to approach participants again for qualitative data collection phase of the study and this design is also useful when the researcher has new questions that emerge from quantitative data that can't be answered quantitatively and again here you can see some of the strengths and challenges of doing an explanatory sequential design the strength of the phases are distinct it's straightforward because one side follows the other it appeals to qualitative researchers because it begins with the quantitative phase and it's an immersion approach challenges that is Solinsky because you conducting your research in two spaces and sometimes IRB considerations have to be made because you may not be able to do your interview guide at the beginning of your study because it may change based on your quantitative findings so you just have to incorporate the consideration that it may take a little more time prior or beautiful or you may have to submit an amendment the researcher also has to decide who to sample in the qualitative phase and the researcher has to decide which classes they themselves need further explanation the third mixed-methods design is the exploratory sequential design in this design qualitative data is collected in analyze first the results inform quantitative instrumentations data collection and analysis and the results of triangulated and interpreted an exploratory design can be used when quantitative measures and instruments are not available to help answer research questions when their relevant variables are unknown or one is no guidance theory or framework available to guide their research so basically it's understand what constructs and variables need to be support with the largest sample size or generalized findings to a larger sample size again the strips are straightforward just as the explained for sequential design was it makes the qualitative approach more acceptable to quantitative biased audiences and a qualitative researcher may prefer this design a new instrument is produced from this design that's meaningful to your research question and in committee they have more generalizable challenges that again it takes time a new instrument must be developed which again requires IRB considerations you need to decide which data to use from the qualitative phase to incorporate into your quantitative measures and it requires training and instrument development and skill development so we just discussed the three basics mixed methods research design but these designs can vary in a number of ways here are two of the most common variations from the three basic mixed method designs the first is the intervention design he uses design um to study a problem by conducting an intervention or experiment and using qualitative and quantitative data to inform the intervention in the example the designs first with the convergent parallel design the results are triangulated and interpreted in form of study intervention after the intervention quantitative and qualitative assessments are conducted again and of course those results would be translated and interpreted you may think of this particular design as a pretest post-test that included quantitative and qualitative data and where the data is used to inform actually interventions in the second various design we have a multi stage evaluation design which is used to study over to study over time the study that evaluates the success of a program or activities implemented in a project in this example we start with an exploratory method design the programís implements and infested with quantitative measures and followed up with qualitative assessments and this is just one example of our variation again your method should always be defeated by your research questions or evaluation questions and the most useful design for capturing your data should be used now I just want to take a couple of minutes illustrate mix methodology using a specific example for the next few slides because mixed methods designs can be complicated as often helpful to show your procedures using a diagram and web procedures a diagram of procedures includes information about the data collection data analysis products and interpretation of the study when procedures are complex it's helpful to have a visual diagram or representation of the study procedures to bring together all components of the study this example is from a study that I conducted in d3 the diagram you'll see that this is technically a variation of a convergent mixed method design because the instruments were developed at the same time and the data were collected independently and did not inform the other until analysis and so although the qualitative data were collected after the qualitative data the enemy guy do not change based on quantitative results as it was pre develop a star theory and prior literature so the model and aims are shown as shown or whatever study that conducted that examined the relationships between psychological well-being and useful use the preventive care services in a sample of midlife african-american women the study was guided by an integration of two theoretical frameworks and this is a resultant radical model that you see in your screen each box and circle represents the study constructs and the bulleted items under each class represents variables that were assessed either quantitatively or qualitatively I always try to develop such a model when I'm designing a study because it allows me to clearly see specifically what data needs to be collected and based on the method and Facebook based on the methods that are best to answer my specific aims whether the data should be R can be collected quantitatively qualitatively or both it may also be helpful to develop a variables table this is another visual display that enables you to clearly show which variables you are collecting data on how they'll be measured is quantitative which aim they pertain to if you have multiple research aims and whether the data about the variable will be collected quantitatively or qualitatively so once you've collected and analyzed your data you have to be able to ease Immersion results to see how they inform each other so again this example is of a convergent design where quantitative and qualitative data were collected and in our last separately in the results were merge at the end one way to compare and contrast results is to juxtapose them side-by-side I've seen in this game two tables the first column shows the themes that were developed from qualitative analysis the second column illustrates the main quantitative findings related feed constructs you can then compare the results and decided they converge until the same story if one method expands and gives deeper insights to the other method or of the results contradict each other or diverge to tell me whether each method converges expands the other or diverges will allow you to make further interpretations on your data and answer your research questions don't be discouraged if using a divergence or yield contradictory results this can often see a light on issues relationships are variables that have not been explored yet or in the case of my study it highlighted issues with a particular question in my survey instrument why discover that the question asked was ambiguous and not clear so thank you so much for watching this video I hope that you found it useful here are some key references and researchers that you can find more information more in-depth information about research missmiss methods about mixed methods research and here are just a couple questions to test your knowledge about what was discussed thank you again for watching