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Japanese Grammar Lesson Notes

Jul 24, 2024

Japanese Grammar Lesson Notes

Introduction to Key Grammar Points

  • Christmas: A family gathering; serves as a reference point for discussions.

Grammar Structure: ๏ฝžใจใ„ใˆใฐ

  • Meaning: Refers to something associated with the topic mentioned.
  • Structure: N ใจใ„ใˆใฐ X (When you hear N, you think of X)
  • Examples:
    • ใ€Œใƒ‰ใ‚คใƒ„ใจใ„ใˆใฐใƒ“ใƒผใƒซใ ใ€
    • ใ€Œๅ†ฌใจใ„ใˆใฐใ‚นใ‚ญใƒผใ ใ€
    • ใ€Œๅคใจใ„ใˆใฐใ‚ตใƒผใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒณใงใ™ใญใ€
    • ใ€Œๆ—ฅๆœฌๆ–™็†ใจใ„ใˆใฐๅฏฟๅธใงใ™ใญใ€

Example Conversation

  • Mr. A: "I have to write a report about classical musicians. Who is good?"
  • Mr. B: "ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚ทใƒƒใ‚ฏ้Ÿณๆฅฝๅฎถใจใ„ใˆใฐใƒ™ใƒผใƒˆใƒผใƒ™ใƒณใŒใ„ใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‚ˆ" (Speaking of classical musicians, Beethoven is a good choice.)

Grammar Structure: ๏ฝžใจใŠใ‚Š

  • Meaning: Indicates something was done as expected.
  • Two types:
    • Verb + ใจใŠใ‚Š / ใจใŠใ‚Šใซ
    • Noun + ใฉใŠใ‚Š / ใฉใŠใ‚Šใซ
  • Examples:
    • Sentence combining:
      • ใ€Œ็งใŒ่จ€ใ†ใจใŠใ‚Šใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ (Do as I say.)
      • ใ€Œๆ€ใฃใŸใจใŠใ‚Š้›จใŒ้™ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ (It rained as I thought.)
      • ใ€Œๅคฉๆฐ—ไบˆๅ ฑใฉใŠใ‚Š้›ชใŒ้™ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ (It snowed as forecasted.)
      • ใ€ŒไบˆๅฎšใฉใŠใ‚Šใƒ‘ใƒชใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€ (I went to Paris as planned.)

Grammar Structure: ๏ฝžใ‚‰ใ—ใ„

  • Meaning: Used to express something noticed or expected.
  • Two uses:
    1. Observation based: Short form verb/adjective/noun + ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„
    • Example:
      • Observation: ใ€Œๅคช้ƒŽใฎ่ฉฑใงใฏใƒกใ‚ขใƒชใƒผใฏใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซไบบใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ‚ˆใ€(According to Taro, Mary seems American.)
      • Judgment: ใ€Œใ†ใ‚“ใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใŒใชใ„ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใญใ€(Yeah, he seems to not have money.)
    1. Expressing characteristics:
    • Example:
      • ใ€Œๆ˜ฅใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅคฉๆฐ—ใงใ™ใญใ€(It's spring-like weather.)
      • ใ€Œๅ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใญใ€(It's just like you!)

Grammar Structure: ๏ฝžใฎใŸใ‚ใซ / ๏ฝžใฎใŸใ‚ใฎ

  • Meaning: Indicates purpose.
  • Structures:
    • Verb + ใŸใ‚ใซ
    • Noun + ใŸใ‚ใฎ
  • Examples:
    • Verb form:ใ€Œๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ใŸใ‚ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€(I go to read a book.)
    • Noun form:ใ€Œๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ใŸใ‚ใฎๅ›ณๆ›ธ้คจใ€(Library for reading books.)

Grammar Structure: ๏ฝžใŒใใฃใ‹ใ‘ใง

  • Meaning: Indicates something is the cause of another event.
  • Structure: AใŒใใฃใ‹ใ‘ใงB
  • Examples:
    • ใ€Œใ‚ขใƒ‹ใƒกใŒใใฃใ‹ใ‘ใงๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใŒๅฅฝใใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€(I started liking Japanese because of anime.)
    • Verb example:ใ€Œๆ—ฅๆœฌๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใฎใŒใใฃใ‹ใ‘ใงๆ—ฅๆœฌใซ่กŒใใŸใใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€(Watching Japanese movies made me want to go to Japan.)

Grammar Structure: ๏ฝžใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹

  • Meaning: Describes a change indicating capability.
  • Structure: Dictionary form verb + ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹
  • Examples:
    • ใ€ŒไปŠใฏ้‡Ž่œใŒ้ฃŸในใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€(Now I can eat vegetables.)
    • Future intention:ใ€Œ่‹ฑ่ชžใŒ่ฉฑใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€(I want to be able to speak English.)

Grammar Structure: ๏ฝžใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹

  • Meaning: Indicates making an effort to do something.
  • Structure: Dictionary form verb + ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹
  • Examples:
    • ใ€ŒๆฏŽๆœใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฎใƒณใ‚ฐใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€(I try to jog every morning.)
    • Negative form:ใ€Œๅฎฟ้กŒใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใพใงใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€(I won't play games until I finish homework.)

Grammar Structure: ๏ฝžใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจ

  • Meaning: Used to present information from a source.
  • Structure: Noun + ใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจ
  • Examples:
    • ใ€Œๅคฉๆฐ—ไบˆๅ ฑใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฏ้›จใŒ้™ใ‚‹ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€(According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.)
    • ใ€Œๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๅฎฟ้กŒใŒใชใ„ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€(According to the teacher, there is no homework today.)

Conclusion

  • The lesson covered various Japanese grammar structures to denote connections between phrases, causes, intentions, and judgments.
  • Suggestions for further practice and application of these structures in conversation or writing.

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