i'm going to give you um what's hopefully helpful information on how to use the toolman schema and this is for when you're writing your own argument not when you're looking for it in somebody else's argument okay so we have the six parts claim grounds warrant backing qualifier rebuttal and i'm going to go through these one at a time so the claim is the argument you are making the grounds is on what grounds you are arguing that the why the because the warrant is the foundational sort of value that you have that this argument rests upon backing is any information you use to convince us logically qualifier is any limiters and the rebuttal is what your other the other side of your argument think so you're sort of opponent okay start with the claim sometimes your teachers will call it a thesis i will call it your argument i'll say what's your argument and you'll say i'm arguing that in this case hot dogs are better ballpark food than hamburgers so that's what my argument is that's my claim i am claiming that hot dogs are better ballpark food than hamburgers okay and if you didn't agree with me you would say okay on what grounds are you arguing that and i would explain my reasons okay some people call it evidence some people call it facts it's the it's the because the why on what grounds are you arguing because there's lots of different grounds but i would say i'm going to argue on these grounds they're more portable than hamburgers they're less messy than hamburgers and they're more iconic those are the grounds on which i'm going to argue are there more yes that's what i'm using okay so the warrant then is this value belief assumption all those words work that the person who is making the argument it believes and you really want the person that you're arguing with to agree with that to believe that too if you don't agree on the warrants the argument's very difficult so if i argue that hot dogs are better than hamburgers because they're more convenient and more portable there's this unstated assumption that i value convenience and portability i value at the park food that is easy to carry around you might not you might want to sit and eat some non-shows but if i would say to you hey would you agree that convenience and portability are good at games and you said yes i'd say okay well then here's why a hot dog is better than a hamburger same and oftentimes you will have only one warrant in an argument but before you embark on a written argument you want to know what they are because you might want to change to only one and we will talk about that so if i said you should eat hot dogs or ballpark hot dogs are better because they're cleaner and less messy i obviously value messy what if you don't care what if you don't care that you get chilly down your shirt then that argument's not going to work on you but if i said to you hey would you agree that at the at a game it's better to eat a food that's easy and you're not going to drop it on your shirt and you said yes i'd say well good then a hot dog is better than a hamburger same thing with tradition right it's a tradition to eat a ballpark hot dog if you don't care about tradition that's not going to work on you so i wouldn't use that reason if you just said i don't care about tradition or i don't care about cleanliness i would have to think of different reasons so what i would do is ask you what is your reason why you think hamburgers are better than hot dogs then i might change my reasons so this this has this is sort of influx all the time until you get to the right reason okay so then backing is all of the detail yes sometimes you're going to use researched backing in a class at school your teacher might ask you to research it but in a class like mine you're not researching it um you are just writing it from your brain it's logical so sometimes we need a little bit of research and we'll talk about that that might be your backing or it might just be your argument so if you were to just list this out in bullets obviously it would that's that's all it would be but when you write an essay you have to fill in the blanks you have to convince your readers you have to give them the details you have to use logic so for example in more portable we then give the details okay well it's in a closed bun i get a cardboard carrier i could eat it with one hand um the less messy we'd give all the details okay we'd give we'd specifically talk about mustard on your shirt or ketchup on your shirt that's all the details okay qualifier now i picked this argument because it's a clear qualifier and a qualifier is anything that limits your argument so it could be as easy as a word such as sometimes so if i'm trying to argue everybody should own a really big dog i might say unless you live in a small apartment that would be a qualifier in this case we when we first started this argument we didn't have ballpark in there we added that because hot dogs may not always be better than hamburgers but we said at a ballpark so that's our qualifier okay we also might say obviously if you're a vegetarian you'd want a tofu hot dog which is better a tofu hot dog or a tofu hamburger so we have to limit these a ballpark hot dog might not be better if you're allergic to those all right so we have to qualify it by saying not in not all circumstances all right the rebuttal is as simple as knowing what the other side says now in school your teacher often says just kind of you know figure out what the other side might say and you might say in some cases people believe in a real life argument you have to ask the other person what is it that you believe why do you believe a hamburger is better than a hot dog then you would know how to come at this argument so the rebuttal is just the counter argument what is the other