Lecture Notes on History One-Shot

Introduction

• Date: Lecture
• Duration: 1.5 hours
• Overview: A comprehensive journey through Ancient, Medieval, and Modern History.

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Ancient History

Stone Age

• Definition: Age characterized by the use of stone tools.
• Categories:
  • Paleolithic: 5 lakh BC to 10,000 BC
  • Mesolithic: 9,000 BC to 7,000 BC
  • Neolithic: 7,000 BC onwards
• Key Sites:
  • Bagor (Rajasthan): Domestication of animals
  • Bhimbetka (Madhya Pradesh): Cave paintings
  • Gufkral (Jammu & Kashmir): Tools made of bones

Chalcolithic Age

• First Metal: Copper
• Sites:
  • Ganeshwar Jodhpura, Ahar Banasur, Malwa Culture

Indus Valley Civilization (IVC)

• Also Known As: Harappan Civilization
• Key Features:
  • Urban planning, drainage systems, and granaries (e.g., Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro)
• Key Discoveries:
  • Script and seals (Proto-Shiva seal)

Bronze Age

• Time Period: 2500 BC to 1750 BC
• Major Site: Harappa

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Medieval History

Delhi Sultanate

• Beginning: 1206 AD
• Dynasties:
  • Slave Dynasty: Qutubuddin Aibak (1206-1210)
  • Khilji Dynasty: Alauddin Khilji (1296-1316)
  • Tughlaq Dynasty: Muhammad bin Tughlaq (1325-1351)
  • Syed Dynasty: Khizr Khan (1414-1451)
  • Lodi Dynasty: Bahlol Lodi (1451-1526)
• Key Events:
  • Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (1919)

Key Figures

• Alauddin Khilji: Introduced market reforms and the Iqtadari system.
• Muhammad bin Tughlaq: Known for his ineffective policies and token currency.
• Sher Shah Suri: Developed infrastructure and revenue systems.

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Modern History

Indian National Congress

• Formation: 1885 by A.O. Hume
• Key Figures: Dadabhai Naoroji, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Annie Besant
• Significant Movements:
  • Non-Cooperation Movement (1920)
  • Civil Disobedience Movement (1930)

Key Events

• Jallianwala Bagh: 1919 massacre leading to increased unrest.
• Gandhi's Leadership: Champaran Satyagraha, Kheda Satyagraha, and the Dandi March (1930)
• Round Table Conferences: 1930, 1931, 1932

Major Acts

• Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms: 1919
• Government of India Act: 1935

Freedom Struggle

• Quit India Movement: 1942
• Partition of India: 1947

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Conclusion

• Key Themes: Evolution of political movements, social reforms, and independence movements.
• Reflection: Importance of historical context in understanding modern India.