Transcript for:
Journey Through Indian History

So hello everyone and good morning everyone, I hope my voice is reaching everyone properly, once I confirm it, today is going to be a one shot of history, this is not just of ancient history, not just of medieval, not just of modern, it is of all three. There is going to be a lot of fear in one shot, I was seeing in the comments that there was a comment written that I don't know what was written, I can't remember right now that there is no knowledge of death today, there is going to be a whirlwind, there is going to be a game of death today. Numbers are going to come out from here, okay whoever comes in your history, very good morning to everyone, yes yes and why has the viewership decreased suddenly? Come on, how many hours is the class going to last, just one hour instant, one and a half hour, let's say double in one and a half hour. Let's say it's okay, one and a half hour, if we consider it as modern, then it's almost the same four and a half hours, yes, yes, okay, sir, today 10 R's will not be of 10 hours, brother, what class is of 10 hours, all this is a joke, okay? Today sir, let's go brother, now I am not going to read the comments, the voice and everything is proper, so once I check it, it will not happen from my side brother, what is the class of the hour, all this is okay brother, everything is fine. Then if it's okay then let's start. Let's start with the ancient history. Okay, let's start with the ancient history. First of all, Stone Age means the place where people used stones. We are starting from there. Where people used to work with stone, all the work was done with stone, they did not have such big or improvised tools like today we have different tools for everything, there is a knife, right, you have everything but They had only stones, so they would start from here and where would they end? They would end by liberating India. Okay, so are you ready for this journey? We are you ready? Tell me quickly, are everyone ready to start this journey? For where we will start from the Stone Age and bring freedom to India, today is fine in the class and after this class you are going to enjoy a lot, this is the talk, how long it will be, I don't even know but you will enjoy the class a lot. After doing this, let's start that blissful journey and start the Stone Age. So when we talk about the Stone Age, what are we talking about where people Stone? Now we can divide the Stone Age into three categories. Let us divide them into three categories: Paleo Thick Paleo Thick Lithic means Stone My focus is on Majolis and Olithus thing, in the beginning I should not spend so much time in unnecessary extra things which are the main things or those which are Later, if we get completely exhausted in all the things, then it is okay, because of this, while giving importance to all the things, as much as is needed, it is okay, then Pilio Thick Majolis and Lithic Pilio means Old Old Stone Age Mijo. Means Middle i.e. Middle Stone Age and Neo means New Naya i.e. New Stone Age. When we are talking about Pilio Thick, then which time period are we talking about from 5 lakh BC to 10000 BC. Look, its time period will be different in different places, first of all, it is different across the world, plus in India also, if we talk about it, you will get different in different books, but let us see according to SSC and a little bit, you will get the range, just very specific. The requirement is not that much , but yes, you should know the range a little. If we talk about Majolis, then you will get to see it from 9000 to 7000 BC and at some places even 5000 to 4000 BC. If there is any site at some places, we would have found such. Where is Mesolithic? Now how do we find out which site is Pilic, which is Mesolithic and which is Lithic, then it comes to light that like in Pilio, simple stones were being used in Pilio, okay, simple stones were being used here. It was a simple stone, which means there was no polishing, no erosion, no trimming, what was there in Majolis, keep in mind that the microliths in Majolis are not megaliths, these megaliths will be studied in South India which will start in 3000 BC, here we are talking about microliths, microliths. It means that they started cutting and sorting the stones, they started taking out its edges, the sharp edges became Majolis and the Olithu which is there is here, they started polishing the stone, now after polishing the stone, they started using it. So it came to light that brother, this is a Mizo site, this is a Neo site, the people here were either Mizo or Neo, okay and Olithu, now you must know the meaning of BC, it is before Christ, isn't it? which you If we use it in everyday life then it is Before Christ i.e. we are talking about how many years before the birth of Jesus or Jesus who was Christ, then if I talk about 7000 BC then it means 7000 before the birth of Jesus Christ. I am talking about 7000 years ago, right, it is in Olithu that first of all, I write here that it was in Olithu that the first modern man, whom we know as Homo Sapiens, appeared on some sites. We should know about which are the sites such as you should know that Bagor Bagor, this site is located in Rajasthan and it is important because the domestication of animals started here for the first time. Domestication of animals i.e. We got this evidence that the domestication of animals started in Bagaur. Then Bhim Bedka, which is Bhim Betka, is located near Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh. This site is known for its cave paintings. Here we found some caves and Where we got to see his paintings in them, we continue to find them even today in Bhim Bedka, we saw some time ago in Current Affairs, some such cave paintings were found in Telangana, just now I think, one of the oldest paintings were found in Indonesia, so like this Bhim Betka was found in India and remember one Chaupai Mando, where is this, Chopa Mando, you will get to see it in Prayagraj, UP. There are some other important sites in Prayagraj, UP, such as Burja Home and Gufkral, both of them are lithic sites like Bhim Bedka. Talking about Majolis, evidence of Lithic was also found here. Ok, this is Burja Home and Gufkral. This is your Gufkral, this is in Jammu and Kashmir and J&K. It is important because of humans and dogs in Burja Home. Meaning of Gufkral ​It is Cave of Potters Cave of Potters and this is a site where we found some tools, made of bonus bones, we found some tools, in the same thing, Chirand is a site, Chirand is a lithic site, this is also right in Patna. Same thing is found here also, same thing means tools, made of bonus, in this we have to read only this thing, let's move ahead, what is this that you are able to see on your screen, so this is our chail kolithad, now chail ko lithic meaning. What happens is that Lithic means stone, Chalco means copper, so keep in mind that copper was the first metal, it was the first metal discovered by humans, first metal discovered by humans, so the first metal which started being used was There was copper i.e. copper, now this is Chalcolithic site Ganeshwar Jodhpura culture, Ahar Bansud originates from Bansur Vali and is a tribute of Chambal, that is Ahar Bansoor Jodhpura and Ahar Bhanas culture, you will get to see Katha and Malwa culture in Rajasthan and sometimes Iran. One is Iran culture, what was Malwa and Iran Iran, especially you will get to see it in MP and Malwa is also fine, so you will get to see this in MP, Madhya Pradesh, Jorve culture, this is in Maharashtra, now what is this culture culture, then Harappan Civilization. So everyone must have heard the name which we are going to read now, so why do we call Indus Valley Civilization as Harappan Civilization because Harappa was the first site discovered, hence all the Chalcolithic sites that were there, let's say, all the Chalcolithic sites that were there were there in it. Jorve was the first one, so all those sites were called Jorve Culture, like Daimabad was the biggest among them, Daimabad in Maharashtra was the biggest among them, Jorve was the first discovered in Jorve Culture, so it will give its name and ask with whom it is associated, Chail is a lithic site. Well, this chail kolithad was using, what time is this? If we talk about it then keep in mind that this is your raffle, let's say 2000 or 3000 to 1 basi, the time is this. Now when we had studied geography, then copper was used. I told you about two important places - Khetri in Rajasthan, here I told about Malaj Khand, I told about Malaj Khand in Madhya Pradesh and here in Balaghat Balaghat Mines in Maharashtra, with what was all this associated with copper, you can see there, brother, Geography. There must not have been any change which happened 8000 years ago, 10000 years ago or we are talking about how many years ago, like from now, if we are talking about how many years ago, then Rafi, you can assume that it was 3000 years ago. Well, that's 2000, that's it, it's okay, now it 's 2024, and by decreasing it by 1000 more, subtract 1000, 2000, so about 3, 4000 years ago. So geography, it takes millions of years for geography to change, so even then this copper site of yours used to be here, so it was developed here, okay, now after this we will come to the Browse Age, we saw the Stone Age, we saw Saw the Copper Age, now we are coming to the Bronze Age, that is, those humans who used brown, whose alloy is bronze. Please tell in the comment whose alloy is bronze. What is it called in Hindi, Kansa Yoga, what is it called in Hindi, Copper Stone Age. Now when we talk about Bronze Age, then which era are we talking about, which time period are we talking about, so the time from 2500 to 1750 BC, we are talking about this time period. Talking about it, bronze is an alloy of copper and copper, okay so now if you look carefully here, Harappa, here is your copper, these people used to take copper from here because bronze is Harappa which is Bronze Age, in Bronze Age we have to study Indus. About Valley Civilization, about Indus Valley Civilization, which is also called Harappan Civilization. If you read about Indus Valley Civilization, then this is your area of ​​Indus Valley Civilization, which is also called Harappan Civilization. What did these people do with copper? Used to be picked up from below, from here and in Afghanistan, ton is available, so what was used to make copper and ton by mixing it, to make bronze, this is right, so this is where your Bronze Age Civilization got its name, right 2500 1750 BC, that is yours, now this mature face. Why is it written because we divide the Harappan Civilization into early phase, mature phase and late phase, so I told you the time period of the mature phase only, from 2500 to 1750 or even 1900, you can consider it as mature, it's fine. The Harappan phase continued till 1750-1600 but that was the Late Harappan phase, so you have to remember this time period. Okay, now if I ask you early, then tell me, friend, it must have lasted from 2600 to 2000 or 1900, say like this. Is it okay to give or say from 3000 to 200, from 00 to 1900 it will be mature and from 1900 to 1600 it will be late, so this is your time period, it is the one of peak where this Harappan Civilization is completely established. It was in the peak, it is fine, although it is not so deep, I don't ask whether the early, mature and late one is fine, this much is clear, it is fine, and here you will note one more thing in the Harappa one itself that where is the first rice evidence first rice evidence. It is okay because the rice evidence was found here. The first rice evidence was found here. If we talk about the Indian subcontinent, this site is located in Uttar Pradesh. This site is found here. Okay, let's move ahead now and these are our important IVC sites. If so, let's look at the IVC site and who discovered what. When the IVC site was discovered, it asks who was the chairman of the Archaeological Survey of India at that time. So keep in mind who it was. It was John Marshall. Well, father, whom do you call ASI? We will tell you about this and when it was established, Harappa was the first site which was discovered in the year 1921. Who did it in 1921? Dayaram Sahni ji did it and on which river bank, just guess this thing. Mohan Zadar's talk. If we do then 1922 is DR, it was discovered in 1922. Here, change it to RD and it will become Rakhal Das Banerjee. Okay, Rakhal Das Banerjee will become Lothal. In this, we no longer need to remember the year, we have to remember only Harappa and Mohan Daro. Okay, and who discovered this? Now we have to see some important things about them or what we found in this site is that if we talk about Harappa then it was situated on the banks of river Ravi and if we talk about Mohan Jadar then it was situated on the banks of Indus i.e. Indus river. It was situated on the banks of Indus River and we call the whole civilization as Indus Civilization because it was situated on the banks of Indus. Now let us start what we found in Mohan Jadar because the most and most important things that we got to see from Mohan Jadar were the forests. Off the Largest Site Well, if we look, all these things were found in Mohan Zadar. Who is this, not Modi ji, this is a bearded man. We say bearded man, what is it made of? What is it? It is a kind of soft stone. It is a stone. Which is not that hard ? Who is this Miloni ji? This is not your bronze statue of the dancing girl. Okay, the bronze statue is of the dancing girl and these people used to use the lost wax technique. They used the lost wax technique and the same technique. Chola peed People also used to make their bronze sculptures, so this is the statue of dancing girl. What is this, this is also a seal made of your stick, whose seal is it? Of Proto Shiva, so this is Proto Shiva, that is, it is believed that he is doing a meditation, these are his horns, he is doing meditation, and this is somewhere Shiv can be God somewhere. Okay, what you are seeing here is your script, they have written something in the form of pictures, that is why it is called pictographic script and this is the time period of Bronze Age, we call it Proto. History is called historical period because now see what is the difference between prehistory, protohistory and history, then in the pro prehistory, you should understand that like what we just read in the Stone Age, these people did not write any script. If we talk about the Harappans, they had a script but we could not decipher it. We could not find out what their pictographic type script was like. It was in the form of pictures, so we call it pictographic script which was of the Harappans and this is the last one. I am able to see that this is Goddess Earth, from whose womb a tree is emerging, which means she must be worshiped as the Goddess of Fertility, so that the yield is good and this is what If it is made of cheese then terracotta means baked. Earth means clay. Soil is baked and called terracotta. What is this that they are pulling, this is what your brother is doing here. Okay, so this is your Great Granary is fine. What is Vishal Annagiri? This is a great thing. Huge Bath is fine and in what shape it was. Keep in mind that it was in a rectangle shape. It was in a rectangle shape. This was yours, what was its base, whose great bath is it, which is used? Maybe for the ritual bathing that will take place, now keep in mind that the Great Granary was found there. What you are seeing is the Harappan site, this is the Granary of Harappa, where is this Granary, this is the Granary of Harappa, where we spent two days. Six granaries were found like this and it has to be kept in mind that they had circular brick platforms. This keyword which I am telling you is just rote learning, you are okay, there was a circular brick platform here, meaning like no other, you might have seen it, grandmothers. It is called Chakia in our place. It is like Chakia which is crushed by Chakia. If not, if it becomes gram etc. then it is Chakia. So the circular grass platform can be seen here. It is okay and where is this Granary of Harappa? Six Roses are these. This means that there will be six granaries in each row, six granaries in each row, okay, six granaries in each row, there are two rows here, there are six more granaries, the total will become 12, we will move ahead, we will also look at town planning, but before that, this thing happened to us. Lothal is an ancient port or it is also called ant dockyard. Call it a port or where is the dockyard? It is present in Gujarat. On the banks of which river is Bhogav? Take care of the river in it. Bhogav ​​is fine. Kali Bengal is the largest Indian civilisation. The site is Kali Banganagar in India. If we talk about where it is, it is in Rajasthan. Okay and here black bangles were found. Black bangles were found with black bangles. Banawali is not that important. Keep in mind, Haryana and here evidence of Barley was found. Ok Barley. Evidence was found in Dholavira, this is also in Gujarat. Well, in Gujarat, keep in mind that a giant water reservoir where water is stored was found here. Where in Dholavira is it clear, where ever Water Water If you ask anything then the answer will be clear Dholavira, now let us understand town planning here, I have skipped one thing there in Dahla Vara which I am going to tell you now and that is that town planning when we talk. So these people were urban civilized, meaning they had very proper town planning. These people had urban civilization. They were urban. Now how do we know about them? Town planning shows that they divided their entire area into two parts. The Harappan side was divided into two parts, the western side was higher, the western side was higher and smaller, it was located at a higher altitude and the rich people here, the special people. The priests used to live here and we used to call it Citadel. This became Higher Town and this became our Lower Town. Where the common people used to live, this became our Higher Town. Okay, Higher Town was a joke. Smaller used to be Lower Town. It used to be bigger because the people were more, but the ruling class would have been less in number. So, Citadel used to be on the western side, but we had one side which was not divided into two parts but into three parts and there was a site in which Citadel was not found. Tell me, which was that site where Citadel was not found, which was divided into three parts. That Dholavira was divided in three parts. Divided in three parts and city and site without Cita del, where Cita del was not found from Cita del and C from Chand, where does it fall, this much thing is clear in Pakistan, so this is fine. Town planning, we have seen that now these people used to trade with the Sumerians. Sumerians means those who are from Mesopotamia, we also call them Sumerians, so they used to trade with them and how did we know that where did they fall, Mesopotamia or Sumeria? This Iraq , which is modern day Iraq, is right there, Persia is called Iran and Mesopotamia is called Iraq. Now how did we know from Mesopotamia that these people used to trade with Mesopotamia because we are not able to read their script. What nature was the pictograph of the Harappans? I came to study the pictographs of the Mesopotamians and they mentioned that we trade with the people of Meluha. Meaning, we are talking about the Harappans, okay, so Melua means Harappan, what is this thing, it is called on the left side, it is called one, this is your Jadeite stone, this is your Jadeite, okay and this is your lapis lazuli. Lapis Lazuli are precious stones. You must have seen these stones in Mohan Zadar's movie also. Blue blue stones are fine. Meluha people come and take it. When we talk about it, remember the name of a site, Sir Dawjali. Heading: Evidence of Jade Eye was found there. Dawjali, the heading is located. Do you know where it is located? Dawjali, the heading is located in your Brahmaputra Valley, that is, on the Assam side. This is Brahmaputra Valley, so we found evidence of it there. Even keep this thing in mind that when we talk about Harappan Civilization, how far does it extend, its extension goes till its head, goes till Afghanistan, right here, goes till Afghanistan, even the Suthaka Rhino Site. Isn't it found here on the border of Pakistan and Afghanistan. If we talk about the East, it goes till UP. Alamgirpur is its eastern most site and Manda, Jammu and Kashmir is its southern most site. Your Daimabad Mahara Daimabad is in Maharashtra i.e. This Uttarakhand, we did not find it at all here. Do you ask where Harappan Civilization was not found? So in Uttarakhand etc. we did not get to see Harappan Civilization. Remember the name of a site in this Stone Age, if you ever ask that Proto is a Proto City. Tell me the name of the proto historical city, the name of that city is Catal Hüyük. This Catal Hüyük is situated in Turkey i.e. Turkey which is the country where you must have seen the shooter carrying the silver medal with his hand in his pocket. It is from the same country in Turkey. Got to see a modern type proto city of Cattle Huyu i.e. the proto-historical one which was our tree i.e. which was our Stone Age at that time. Where is that Cattle era clear in Turkey? Now have you understood what is this Meluha? The Harappan people, their name is Sidon. Harappan Civilization was the first people to produce the cotton, which the Greeks called Sidon is the best fidonal, where we write from right to left, from right to left, then from left to right, like this, from right to left, from left. From right to left, these are the best fidonals, Susa and Ur. These two were the trading station. The trading station means that when these people used to come, you did not watch the movie, no problem, then when these people, Mel Meluha means Harappan people must have gone there, Mesopotamia, Mesopotamia. If people come here, then instead of stopping in between, Sasa and Ur finished fine, start the iron, no one has any problem, no one has any problem till here, it is fine, yes, it is definitely the way to write, and Bhaiya, Rakhi Gadi told me, I did not tell Rakhi Gadi. Kali Banga told that Rakhigarhi, take care, it is one of the largest sites in India. Rakhigarhi is fine. Rakhigarhi is in Haryana. It is one of the largest sites in India. It is fine. Clear, it is fine and there is a Bhirana Karke site, that is one of the oldest sites. One of the oldest, that too in Haryana, okay and okay, there is nothing else and so everything else here, nothing much is important, let's move ahead, okay, let's start Iron A, now Iron this. Asks about which metal the Harappans did not know? Iron was not known to the people of the Harappan Civilization. How did we know about it because the tools were all made of bronze? We know about iron. No tool was found. Asks whether these people knew about the horse. Evidence of a horse bone was found from Surkotada, but we cannot say that they knew about the horse. He will ask from where did you get the evidence of horse, then the answer will be that you got it from Surkotada. Okay, coming to the Iron Age, when we talk about the Iron Age, we read the Vedic period. Here, there was the Vedic period. Now what is the Vedic period? Look, this Vedic period was from 2500 to 1750 or 1500. Harappa ended from 1500 to 1000 BC. Now we divide this Vedic period into two parts, Early Vedic and Later Vedic. Early Vedic is that which lasted from 1500 to 1000 BC. Again repeat. Now we are writing BC, it means we are talking about before the birth of Jesus Christ, now AD when we will come, it means after the birth of Jesus Christ and the letter means from 1000 to 600 BC. If we are talking, then the iron which we found in the actual was discovered in the letter. Okay, so now before reading about the Vedic Vedas, we have to read about the Rigveda i.e. the Vedas. Okay, so whatever Vedas are there, we will divide them into four. Let's divide it into parts. What are the four parts? One is the Samhita collection of Vedas in which we read Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda and Athar Veda. In every Veda, we read Brahmin or what is Aranya before the first Brahmin. Why do we read it because Brahmins are given later, so we read them in the order, so they are given after this, meaning what are the meaning of Aranya given in every Veda, Aranya are those which are written by hermits and their It is written for the Hermits, meaning the people who live in the forests, for those who are living in the forests and after this, what is written is Brahmana, what is Brahmana, which is written in the last part of every Veda, but much later, in the Upanishads also. It has been added at the end of every Veda, at the end of Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda and Atharvaveda. If you ask what is there at the end then it is Upanishad, that is why we call it Vedanta. Vedas end from here. If Upanishad is not in the option then You have to believe in Brahmins because earlier only Brahmins were in your last place, so let us first of all, now this is our Samhita, that is, we read all the four Vedas about them and the first Samhita comes from it, Rigveda, Rigveda, it is the oldest, it is the oldest. It is also the largest and is made up of 1028 hymns. Hyms means a hymn in a way. It has a total of 10 mandalas. It has 10 mandalas meaning 10 books. Rigveda is made up of 10 books. It asks what is there in which mandala and then asks. In which Mandal is the Gayatri Mantra, tell me quickly in which Mandal is the Gayatri Mantra, then ask in which Mandal is it written about Lord Som, then ask in which Mandal it is written about the Purusha Sakta. So if we talk about Gayatri Mantra, then the third one which was composed by Vishwamitra, it is written in the third one, it is written about Lord Som in Nav Mandal, we know Som by the name of Plant God and from it a juice is made, a drink is made. Which we call Somras, okay, plant God is made from plant, you write it like this and Purush Sakta has such a meaning, you can compare it with Brahma ji, how it is written in it, first I write in which division. In the tenth and last mandala, it is written that who is the Brahmin, who is the Kshatriya, who is the Vaishya, who is the Shudra. It is written in it that Brahmins emerged from the mouth, Kshatriyas emerged from the mouth, Nik Hu emerged from Thai, Vaish emerged from the feet and Shudras emerged from the feet. If it has happened in this way, it is mentioned in Purush Shakta, which is in the 3rd division, which is in the 10th division, okay, ten Rajan War, which is mentioned in the 7th division, which war is this, which war is it, which is mentioned in the 7th division, see This was not a battle with any Harappan sons. Let me tell you, this theory is given that as if they were Harappans, then where did they end and who ended them, then it is believed that this type of tribe came from Central Asia, which We speak Aryans and it is possible that there may have been some dispute with them here or some fighting, but if it had happened then we should have seen many mutilated and broken skeletons. The skeletons found should be broken or if they had come on horseback. came from So evidence of the horse should be found, which we could not find, only a bone was found from one place, from Surkotada, even that was not found, so it is possible that there was an earthquake, maybe there was a flood, then all these theories are given in what way. It is possible that the Hadan Civilization has ended from here but this Das Rajan War took place between the Bharat Tribe led by King Sudas versus the confederations in the Kuru area which is now present day Haryana. This is fine Kuru, now we will see further about it, so let's pause it here, now let's see about our next Vedas, the remaining three Vedas, Samveda, we know it by the name of Book of Music, it is the oldest book on music. Two Upanishad texts are Chhand Dog and Ken . When we talk about Brihadrya Upanishad, which is the oldest Upanishad, this is the oldest Upanishad, plus Kath Upanishad, its text is Athar Veda, book on magical formulas, okay, magical charms and spells are also written. It is possible that magical charms and spells are okay and the magic tricks that you speak are mentioned in the Atharvaveda, so you have to keep this thing in mind and which Upanishad is part of the Atharvaveda, it is not Mundaka of Manduk, it is Mandukya Upanishad and Maha Upanishad is okay. We have taken from Maha Upanishad itself, Vasudev Kutumbakam, which was the theme of this year's show . Okay, if we talk about what we have taken from Mundka Upanishad, then Satyam Jaite has taken so much from it, do you know it or not? Let me write here, okay, I am writing here because Mundka is also your part of this, so what have we taken from Mundka, what have we taken from Satyamev Jaite, Truth Only Prevails and Maha Upanishad, which was the theme of G20. What was Vasudev Kutumbakam? Now let's move ahead. What are Vedangas? These are the parts of Vedas. These are called Vedanta. Upanishads are called Vedangas. So keep this in mind. Look at this picture once. Many questions do not come from it. So just keep in mind that there are six Vedangas. If you want to see it, then memorize it. If you want to see it, then see it once. It should be memorized, it should not be very important, it should be memorized, if you want, you can see two-three things in it to know what it means, brother, everyone knows grammar and grammar. It means grammar, okay, everyone knows it, everyone knows astrology means astronomy, okay and not everyone may know it, but okay, now you can see two or three of those that you don't know, okay. Even if question matching comes from him , you will be able to do it. Now let us come to the Central Asian tribe that came here. Sir, how did we know that a Central Asian tribe came here and started ruling here in this way. It is revealed to us Sir that in a Turkiya, Boga Sky is ok, Boga Sky, Bhoga Sky, Inscrinox, names of God and Goddess were found, like we used to worship Lord Indra, now we are not worshiped so much, but Indra has become God, God has become Surya, okay. Usha has become Aditi, Sun God's mother, so these are the names of all which are found in the encryption of Bhoga, which is found in Turkey, it is believed that these people came from there, one tribe went towards Europe, one towards the Middle East and so on. One came here towards India, so we call them Indo Aryans, they are all descended from Aryans, some of us find words like under andar andar and under means similar somewhere, so that gives us a little idea that yes, our origin is somewhere. If it is there somewhere, then the encryption of Bogaj has been done, Arctic Home to Vedas, or Karkar book, who has written this Arctic Home to Vedas, it has been written by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, so we come to know from this, we have just seen the war of Dash Rajan, it is okay and One more thing like if I ask you what is the total number of Upanishads, if you ever ask what is the total number of Upanishads, keep in mind that there are 108 Upanishads, this is also sometimes asked, it is not very important, it is okay but if If someone asks, then you should know. Well, this is Kuru. Now gradually it expanded further and became Panchal, Kuru means whatever was the name of their clan, the name of the tribe was the name of that place, these people kept on dividing and became one. The name of the tribe came from the opinion of Suraj Sena and the name of the place also kept on falling like this, hence 16 16 Mahajanapadas came into existence i.e. the word 'tribe' means feet, wherever the feet of the tribe kept falling, its name kept on falling, they started getting mixed with each other. 16 small districts merged to form Mahajanapadas And when found, how many 16 Mahajanapadas are found, then it is a Buddhist text like Anga Uttar Nikaya etc. then from there it is known that there used to be 16 Mahajanapadas, this is a Buddhist text, it is right, your eight chapters are right, Ashta Dhay, which is That is the text of Sanskrit Grammar, which was written by Pini. We also get to know about it from Bhagwati Sutra, which is a Jain text. Now what is the question from here, the question becomes that the capital asks for their capital, so this is There are 16 Mahajanapadas, their capitals should be known. Anga's Champa is the eastern most. You will see here that Anga is the easternmost Champa. Magadha is the most powerful Mahajanapada. We will discuss about it and which different dynasties are ruling it. Kaushambi of Kashi Vats. It is okay, that is, you can memorize anything by relating it, you are fine since there is no need to remember Kashi, Magadha will also be memorized on its own, remember Vatsa like this and O Vatsa, drink the juice of Mosambi, by doing this you can remember Vatsa Mosambi and Kausambi. You will remember there, okay Kaushalpur Raja, who do we call Lord Ram, the area of ​​Shravasti, Eastern UP, Gonda and all these places, okay Ayodhya, there Sursen, Mathura, Panchal, Chitra Kampil, its capital, Kuru, Indraprastha, okay. You can also remember this by relating it in such a way that Indra Kuru means anything, you can relate it to Virat Nagar, remember it like Virat Kohli, who takes great care of his mother, then Matsya, Virat Nagar, whom they call Chedi, what Sonu Sood calls. Chedi is called Chedi, the guy is good, he had done donation etc. at the time of Covid, neither is the guy good . If you ask then Avanti's Ujjaini is also second important after Magadha or second powerful. It was in Mahajanapada. You will get to see Gandhara and Kamboja very clearly. Here you can see whether both Gandhara and Kamboja are there or not. Here, Gandhara is in Pakistan Lee area. Takshila was Takshila University, we also study here which was developed by Bharat ji, Takshila University and the capital of Kamboj was Panch, okay then remember like this, ask less, ask less, ask less burden, okay amak or asak. Pathan its vajji ve se vajji va se vaishali and malla se kushi nara ok khushi khushi maal receive karo lo kuch hai meaning you can remember it just ok so now these are the most powerful among them why was Magadha the most powerful vaai magadh vas So what is important is that we only read the rule of different dynasties, who ruled whom, we will not read about everyone because the location of Magadha was a very strategic location. When we talk about strategic, it means that it was located between Ganga and Son. Its capital was in the middle of the river, here you must have seen Rajgiri and later Patliputra Rajgir, which is today's Rajgir and Patliputra is today's Patna, so their location is very important, right, it is situated from five hills, this was their capital. Patliputra was situated on five hills so it was very difficult to attack and from here they had access to Ganga and Son and this was a big fertile plain. There were a lot of elephants because at that time fighting was done with elephants so elephants were in large numbers plus as I told that. Daab was the region, Daab means the area between two rivers, it was a big fertile plain, hence it was a very prosperous area and if you want to defeat, you will have to come to the very east because the organ which is the eastern most had captured it. That is fine, okay, keep one thing in mind, I ask you and that is what was considered very important in the Vedic period, especially in the early Vedic period, so keep in mind that the cow is considered non-agny (Aghnya; Aghnya means not to be). It is okay to kill the one who cannot be killed and for this, grooms were said to them, what is Gavishti , that is, the war that took place for cows, Gavishti, the importance of cows was very important for cows and gradually it was introduced in later Vedic language. And also keep in mind that Memon's condition was very good in the beginning and it got worse in the Vedic period. How did we know that the Sabha and the Samiti used to be two assemblies, the Sabha was of the common people and the Samiti was of the Brahmins. What is there in this, initially women were allowed, later women were not allowed in this, this is how gradually we came to know that the condition got worse, there used to be a kind of religious religious assembly which we call religious assembly, this religious which Assembly is with it was early in Vedic, in later Vedic It is here that you will read about the Disappeared Dynasties. You will gradually enter into Morance. Okay, so the first dynasty that ruled here was Haran's Dynasty and the first ruler to rule in this was A. Who was that. There used to be Bimbisara. Okay, he used to be Bimbisara. Now why is Bimbisara important? Because Bimbisar, keep in mind that he had sent a physician named Jeevak, a physician named Jeevak Sen, to the king of Avanti, when there were a lot of conflicts among themselves, but still. Like now we have a conflict with Maldives but now you must have seen how Jaishankar laughs and happily meets Mohammad. If he is fine with me then it means he maintains diplomatic relations and he has jaundice . The Anga which was just mentioned is Anga whose capital is Champa in Bengal, so they captured it. Anga was captured by him. His sons were Bimbisar's Ajaat Ajaat Enemy, Ajaat Ajaat Enemy is ok. Ajaat Enemy is ok. Well, Ajaat Enemy reminded me of what else a Shia is. If you ask what is this and Shaya , then keep in mind that we consider Vedas to be Vedas and Shaya, these are Vedas, they are called Shaya and Shia means not created documents, fragment i.e. passed through the way of hearing, so it is okay. When it was narrated to them, this thing became clear. It was located between Ganga and Son. It was located between big elephants and was a fertile plain. Bimbisar was the Harka of the Harka dynasty. Bimbisar was the first ruler. Before him, Azad Shatru was his son and his sons were Dain and Udan Nehi. From where did they shift the capital? From Rajgir and then from Rajgiri to Patliputra . Okay, so the capital was shifted by Udan. Okay. Now after this, the main dynasty that came after Harka was Nanda Dynasty. Okay, by the way, another dynasty came. There was Shishu Nang Dynasty here but it is not important for us, okay you can remove it from here, Nand Dynasty is important, after Ranga, its founder was Maha Padmanand. Okay, its founder was Maha Padmanand and its last ruler was the last ruler. His name was Dhananand Dhananand. Its rule of Dhananand is important because it was at this time that Alexander invaded at the time of Dhananand. Alexander invaded at this time. When did he invade India in 326 BC and fought a battle? The one we call the Battle of Hid Pais, on the bank of which river was it fought? Can someone tell us? The Battle of Hid Pais, on the bank of which river was it fought? Now this is the battle in which there were kings who were ruling the Porus Indian Subcontinent, this is Jammu. Kashmir is the present day region, where Porus was defeated but Alexander was impressed by the fighting skills of Porus and gave him the entire territory back. It is a Macedonia. Macedonia means the Greek region where the first Olympic Games were held. When we were there, we used to belong from there, so these people went back there, now we see some of them like them leaving Salis Nicator etc. here and this is what happened on the banks of Jhelum river, on the banks of river Jhelum , so many things are clear till here. This much is clear, Alexander had invaded during Dhananand's time, now it was Dhananand's turn to step down, okay, how is Dhananand now being replaced, Chandragupta Maurya became a ruler through the Maurya Dynasty, who did it, okay, what did I tell you here? You are fine, we will also see Licus Nicator. Okay, so Chandragupta Maurya Chandragupta Maurya replaced Nand Dynasty, defeated Dhananand, whose help was defeated, then here he made Kautilya, whom he made the Prime Minister, meaning Kautilya was the Prime Minister, in a way, he was the Prime Minister of In the entire cabinet, there was Kotil whom we know as Vishnugupta or Chanakya and we get to know all these things from the book written by him, Arthashastra, Chanakya or Vishnugupta is also his other name, so with his help we defeated Plus Chandragupta defeated Selk As Nicator, this is Selic. Who is As Nicator? He was the ruler of Selis Dynasty. Selic, who is Nicator, belonged to Selis Dynasty. Where did Selis Dynasty rule ? This is the region of Jammu and Kashmir, where Alexander had invaded the Jhalum River. After being defeated, he went back and left behind Celik Nikator here, who was one of its military commanders, so he started ruling in his name. He wanted to expand in the name of Alexander, but Celik was Nikator's daughter, Helina, and he also married her. He defeated one and also married his daughter. Chandragupta Maurya now knows about the Maurya Dynasty from the Arthashastra which is a The most important thing is that there is a strong source of evidence, there is literary evidence, but in the same way there is a Mudra Rakshasa, there is a Mudra Rakshasa, in this book they have been described as inferior or from lower clan, they have been described as lower and who has written this, Visakh Dutt, Visakh Dutt has written this. This thing has happened, you should know carefully. Okay, now who was the son of Chandragupta Maurya, but before reading from the son, there is one more literary evidence that this is Indika. Who wrote this Indika and in how many characters in it, the Indian society was described as divided? Indika was written by Megasthenes and who was Megasthenes? It was sent to Magini by Celis Nicator. It was sent by Celic Nicator who came to the court of Chandragupta Maurya. He was the ambassador of Celis Nicator and in Indika he told That the Indian society was divided into seven varnas, whereas it was divided into how many varnas? Four, we know Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaish Sutra, but it said that we should know that it was divided into seven varnas. Bindusara was his son. All we have to read about Bindusara is that he gave birth to Syria. There was a king, Anticus One. Anticus One was the king of Syria, he had asked for it from him. He was saying, send liquor etc., send some fixes and also send philosophers. Some of them had asked for Bindu Saar, this much is clear, it is okay and after this comes This is Bindu Shar's son Ashoka, who is also known as Ashoka the Great. Now what did Ashoka do? Here Ashoka took the help of Radha Gupta who was in the court of Bindushar and removed his brothers and sat on the throne and ascended the throne. After 8 years, i.e. 8 years later, it is right, as they say, a few moments later, eight years later, it is right, 8 years later, he fought the Kalinga War. The question arises that after how many years of coronation, he fought the Kalinga War. Coronation means crown. When Poshi fought, he was crowned six years ago. Before the Kalinga War was fought, when we talk about the Kalinga War, it happened in 261 BC. Kalinga is situated in Orissa, so it is said that the battle he fought was in the year 261 BC. There was a change of heart and they replaced Beri Ghosha with Dhamma Ghosha. There were other reasons too but leave it, we will not discuss it in depth here, so Beri Ghosha was called Dhamma Ghosha i.e. Beri Ghosha means we fight by war. Kankar will do things and Dhamma Ghosh means conquered by love heart. Okay, we will conquer people's hearts by conquering them. Ashoka came up with the policy of Dhamma Ghosh and it is believed that not too many questions were asked but it is believed that What did he do after coming under the influence of Upagupta? He adopted the religion of Buddhism. Here he adopted Buddhism and then propagated it a lot. How did he propagate it? Let's see, he wrote inscriptions in the rocks. At first I was not able to know what was written. Brother, are you not able to understand anything, then one day a boy came, the name of that boy was James Princip, okay, so James Princip deciphered it, the one who was James Princip, he deciphered in 1837, he found out the meaning of decipher, he saw that this The language that you have used, although many languages ​​were used, but the language that was mostly used in their encryption was Prakrit language and Brahmi script, okay, this was the most used, other languages ​​were also used but this was the most Prakrit language. It is okay here that Sanskrit is also used, Pali is also used, apart from Brahmi, Kharosthi script is also used, Greek Aramaic script is also used, but the most talked about thing is, now those who are rock addicts, what is this written in the rock? It is written in the rock, why was it written, instructions were given to the people to do this, not to do this and 14 rockets means 14 lines, now don't start counting whether Sir is 14 or not, not all got 14, maximum 14 got. I am saying ok, 14 means maximum 14 ml, now what is written in each one, we do not need all of them, firstly, the seventh and 13th have to be kept in mind, first because it is written in it that they had said that no one will kill animals. It was written in the seventh that you have to have tolerance towards other religions also and the 13th is important because it is the biggest and in this itself, he has mentioned about the Kalinga War and how much he felt sad. If there was this much sorrow, then after defeating Kalinga, we would have returned the kingdom to whose kingdom it belonged. If there was this much sorrow that brother, you rule, just like Alexander left Porus and went away, then the actual thing was that now the territory which was so big, is now Chandragupta Maurya occupied something, now there was nothing left, so he chose the path of peace to govern a large territory, so we should know what is there in the first, seventh, and thirteenth, now like we get rock addicts who are James Princip deciphered the same way we find these pillar edicts, they had got something written on the pillars too, they had got seven lines written on the pillars, I and most of them had less than seven, there was only one, that is of Delhi Topra. Delhi Topra or Topra, whatever you call it, only the seventh line was there, it was there in everything else, okay, what is this brother, what are you doing while sitting, whatever you are doing, but we should know its structure, this is where the shaft is visible. Well, it must be visible, I think it is okay, this is the shaft, this is the inverted lotus, all the inverted lotuses are okay and this is your abacus and this animal is called capital, so as many pillars as you get, as many pillars as you get. There was an animal in it above, not like that, it is found in all, meaning if it is made then it would be there in all but in some it has been broken, so many invasions have taken place, Islamic invasion, all this happened, some are not left in some, two have been broken, some have been taken away, is it okay, then this is the animal sitting above. These are called capitals, now some are important for us like what you are seeing on the left side is the Pillar Edict of Sarnath which was found from Sarnath Varanasi, it is today the national symbol of India, it is the national symbol which has four lions in all four directions. Looking in all four directions, in those directions plus this is the abacus and in the abacus you can see in the abacus you will get this deer, you will get the horse, okay dear horse, elephant and lion, so you will get this, sorry, not elephant, you will get the bull, so you will get these here. But in this whole abacus, every animal is separated, every wheel has a chakra, what you can see on the right side is this bull, it is kept in Rashtrapati Bhavan, if you ever go there, you will see it there, this is Ram Purva. If the pillar of Rampurwa has been picked up from here, it has been cut and kept here, okay, so we call it Rampurwa Bull, it is fine, it is ours, should I write it here, do I write it here, Lauria, if you ask where? But this is Lauria, this is Lauria Araj and Lauria Nandgarh, where is this, this is in Bihar, keep this in mind, okay, where is this, the seventh one is found in Delhi Topra in Bihar, okay, okay, keep one thing in mind, these are the 14 Major Rock Edicts of Ashoka. 14 These are written in front of you, this is what is considered to be Ruffle 15 Minor Rock Edict which is Major Rock Edict written in big stone and Minor Minor written in small stone is important in the sense that four such Minor Rock Edicts are found where But Ashoka's name was found written as 'A Dev Nami Piya Dashi Ashok', otherwise they were not able to understand after reading it, 'Who got it written? Later it was found out that the name mentioned there was 'Dev Nami' i.e. beloved of the gods.' Dev Nami Piyaasi means one has praised oneself. It is completely correct. Dev Nami Piya Dashi Ashok. So where did it say but this mansion was Maski who is a minor architect or all the Maski are in Karnataka. Brahmagiri is in Karnataka and Tour is also in Karnataka. And your Gujjar, this is in Madhya Pradesh, so in this we find the name of Ashoka, Ashok Dev, named Pasi Ashok, and Ashok is not written anywhere. Who were the officers in their time, so we found the officers in their time, as if there was a kind of feast. Who was the Bhojak? Who was the Bhojak? Who was the village headman? Talking about whose time was Sir Maurya's time, I will again take you to Samara. We read that there were 16 Mahajanapadas. The most important of them was Magadha which was situated in Delhi and which was situated on the banks of Ganga and Son. It was situated in the middle , it was ruled by different dynasties. First of all, Haren's contribution came, but not important for us. After that, the chief who came was Nand and after Nand, which of our Mauryas came? Our first ruler in Maurya was Chandragupta Maurya. After that, his son Bindusara, who got all the things from the king of Syria and thirdly became our most important Ashoka, so read about Ashoka, now we are reading in these journals that what was the village headman called during the time of Maurya, so village headman. They used to say Bhojak Ok Clear, so many things happened and there used to be one Dhamma Maha Mata Dhamma Maha, who was this Dharma Mahamattha, then Dharma Mahamattha, keep in mind, this was the one who used to see that people are following the policy of Dhamma. Or no, what is Dhamma now? So Ashoka brought the policy of Dhamma. He replaced Beri Ghosha with Dhamma Ghosha. Now I told you that Ashoka brought the policy of Dhamma, so people are following Dhamma. They are not doing it, this was their work, Sani Dhata, okay, Marta and one Sani Data, Sani Data, Sita, President, Sita, President, Gopa, who was Gopa, and let's see here, who used to be Samarta, he used to do the work of revenue collection, Collector of Revenue, Revenue Ja Sani Dhata Chief Treasury Officer CTO will go and collect. Now look at what has been collected and protect it. Remember this, Sani Dhata, Sita, Sita Mata used to look after agriculture. Those who were Gopas used to maintain the accounts. Well, keep this in mind that at this time two courts used to exist, two courts used to exist, either I write it here because there is no space there, we will check the tax also now, so there used to be two courts, one used to exist, which was called Dharamsthal, Dharamsthal. What kind of court was there, it was a civil court, okay, there was a religious court and a criminal court, now what is the difference between a civil and criminal court, we have read this in politics, okay, and the criminal court is called the purification court. Meaning, in a way, the one who used to lead was named Harika Vyaavhika, and the one who used to lead it was Pradeshika, so keep this in mind, what were the civil courts and criminal courts, okay, criminal courts, clear and some more. Now let us see about the taxes , what taxes were imposed in their time, in their time, there were taxes like a Udharkalpa gun tax that if the government, that is, if you understand the meaning of the government, which is the ruler etc., then if these If you take water for registration then you will have to pay tax. Udrag Bhag Bali. It used to be a kind of voluntary office that if anyone wants then he can come and give it with his devotion and there was a tax which every producer had to pay. It did not have any such name meaning. Ha Naam Thai used to say 'Bhaag', 'Ha Bhaag' used to be called 'Usho Bhaag' and that was one sixth of the produce. Keep this in mind how much 'Na Si' of the produce had to be given as '1/6' share. At the time of Ashok it had changed from 16 Si to 14. From 16 to 14, give as much as you can, keep one thing in mind that Ashoka sent his son and daughter, Ashoka's son's name was Mahendra and Ashoka's daughter's name was Sanghamitra. They sent them to propagate Buddhism. Silan means Sri Lanka, where is Silan, but Silan means Ent, Sri Lanka used to call it Silan and remember one thing and that is that at their time, a port also existed, there was a port, one of yours was Bharuch and where is Sopara Nala Sopara. Neither will it be the Western Coast in Maharashtra nor will it be the Western Coast in Eastern Bengal, it used to be the East Coast, its time is fine, it is over sir, now let's see the post Maurya Dynasty, there are few, so after post Maurya. No, who came after Maurya, Shunga dynasty came after Maurya, its founder was Pushya Mitra Shunga Pushya Mitra Shunga, he defeated Brihad Rath, the last ruler of Maurya Dynasty, he defeated Brihad Rath, Brihad Rat, who was the last Maurya ruler, defeated him, exactly the name of his son. It was Agnimitra Agnimitra Malvika Agnimitra which was written by Kalidas ji who was one of the nine gems of Chandragupta II. His book Malvika Agnimitra was based on the love story of Malvika and Agnimitra. Patanjali used to exist during his time and Patanjali had written one thing better than Mahabad. Keep in mind, do not get confused between Bibi Sa and Bindusara. Bimbi Saar was the first ruler of the first dynasty of Magadha. Okay, and Bindusara was the second ruler of the Maurya Dynasty, which would later be the fourth and fifth dynasty of Magadha. So do not get confused. It is correct, that is, Bimbi Sar came much earlier, Bindu Sar came much later, Kanwa used to be the servant of Shunga, that is why they are known as Shunga. When the servant asks by whose name do you know him, then we know Kanwa, Kanwa used to be his servant. That's it. Servant of Shunga, after this there was a dynasty called Satva Hana, which I told you about Asak, which used to be Asak or Amak, was a Mahajanapada, we saw that its capital was Pratisthan or Pathan and he used to assist here, which is the present day Maharashtra region. House Maharashtra There was a dynasty, Seven Vahana Dynasty, its founder was Simuk, its biggest ruler i.e. the greatest ruler was Gautami Putra Gautami Putra Sat Karni and he had started the coins made of lead, which is called Sheesa in Hindi, Gautami Putra Sat Karni. Don't think that it was a female, it was male, but these people used to keep their mother's name after themselves, so we call this Matrilineal Society, they were Patria Kiyal i.e. only the son would sit on the throne after their son. But they were matrilineal, that is, they adopted mother's name, that is fine and they followed the Brahmin community, that is, they respected everyone, even for livelihood, now we will see the sect of Ajeev, what is livelihood for them, caves etc. Well, I remembered from the cave, I remembered from the cave, keep one thing in mind here And that is that is, remember one thing from the cave, this is very important, please note where are the Barabar caves, where are the caves of Baraar, where are they in Bihar Keep this thing in mind and here also I am writing in white color, Lomas Rishi Caves, Lomas Rishi Caves, this is also in Bihar, Nagarjuna Caves, Naga Arjuni Naga Arjuni Caves, this is also in Bihar, all this is from the time of Ashoka. It is associated, that's why I am coming here and writing one more inscrinox, so here it is complete, seventh time, Shimo Gautami, son of Sakni, led Brahmin, he had built caves etc. for the Jam and Jeevika sect, now we come to pottery during different periods, what is this? I should have told you this thing every now and then, brother, what pottery was there at this time, what track was there at this time, what was there at this time, but I have summed it up at the end, it is here, I thought that at the end, I will sum it up for you all at once. What kind of pottery at the same speed? Now what is pottery? Brother, you must have kept your pottery in your house. Pottery or decoration. We keep pots for decoration. At that time, grains are kept to store grains and water. For, as even today we drink water from pitchers, that is okay, so the pottery which is there for the first time, is okay for the first time, New Lithic i.e. New Stone Age appeared in the Olithu period, the pottery that we got to see for the first time. She was in the Lithic Cage in the New Lithic Age and after this we are going to start Jainism and Buddhism, so that means we have reached the last stage of Ancient History, meaning after this, Gupta 's is just left, then after that we will enter the Medieval period. Tell me right now in the comment, while I am writing, if anyone has any doubt till now, then you can write in the comment, it is fine, it was the first to appear in the Lithic Age, now first of all we should know about its time, very There was basic pottery, no color wallers used to do ocher colored pottery, keep in mind that we write it as OCP in short, Ocher colored pottery is fine, OCP was given to us, black and red ware was given to us, black and red ware was given to us, painted greyware, which one was given at what time. It is also important, that is important and it is our Northern Black Polished Ware, okay, I will check in the comments, if there is any doubt, okay, I will write down which pottery used to exist at which time, then I will check for CDS. You can definitely do the lecture. Anushka Pal ji, you can definitely do the lecture for serious. The ocher color which is pottery, we get it, the ruffle up grab which is the time of civilization from the year 2000 and those who are still continuing, please continue till the end because the lecture. Then when it becomes big then many people have problem in doing it in the last place or not, hence why you deal with it together, let it be its time, Ruffle is from 1200 to 1000 BC, now you know sir which time is divided. Harappa from 2500 to 1750 or even 1500. Let us assume that Vedic had started from 1500 and Vedic had gone till 60000, that is, we can say that which would be found at the time of Vedic, then painted would be found at the time of Later Vedic. You must be getting this greyware, because it is a Vedic letter and it means that in a way, the Iron Age had started from here. From the painted greyware, we can say that the Iron Age had started and the time period is from 600 to 300 BC. That is our Northern Black Polished Ware. Ashoka had fought in 261 BC, so it will come here only. Okay, sorry, it is 261 BC and it will come later, which means something at this time. If they are understanding it as Northern Black Polished Ware, then we are We have entered till now, it is fine, that is, our BC work is over, now when we enter in Gupta, from there we will enter in AD, from there we will enter in AD, but before moving ahead in Gupta, let us understand Buddhism and Jainism. These two religions came out of Hinduism because some evils had taken place, at that time there was Brahmanic domination, due to which the religion that is there was born, then this religion of Buddhism, Lord Buddha, do you know what it is considered to be? He is considered the father of this religion and what was his original name? What was the original name of Gautam Buddha? It was Siddhartha. Okay, so how did Siddhartha become Gautam Buddha? If we look at it, at the age of 29, he left his planet at the age of 29, i.e., he made his house renunciation, he made his house renunciation, when is his birth, when is his birth, then his birth is rough 563 BC i.e. About 500 years before the birth of Jesus, where did he die? 563 years ago. He died in 483 BC. So tell me, for how many years did he stay here? Now you know that as we move ahead in BC, the BC starts decreasing . Isn't it so much that you would know, then if we talk about the name of his mother and father or the name of his mother and father, then his mother's name was Mahamaya, Maha Maya and father's name was his father's name, what was his purification, Shuddhodhan and He used to belong to the Shaka Republic. It is okay. Gautam Buddha Ji belonged to the Shaka clan. He used to belong to the Shaka Garh State. Keep this thing in mind. And his first mother was the first mother, meaning his aunt who became his first beggar monk. Do you know this? What happens in the religion of Buddhism, those who follow them are called monks, females are called Bhunis, so their first mother was R. I had put a quiz a few days ago, so I thought I should get you guys to do the match, then I will tell you. I will definitely tell you where the birth took place. First Sarman Birth, I did not even tell a good berth. Please match quickly. So, where was his birth? He was born in Lumbini, Nepal, so it will be his third. Okay, he was born in Lumbini, Nepal. They are born, they attain knowledge. There was a Buddhi tree under the Bodhi tree, below that it will split into two. The first sermon he gave was in Sarnath, Varanasi and Maha Parinirvana. His death is called Maha Parinirvana which is in Kushi Nara Kushi Nagar. It is okay, now we call his death Maha Parinirvana, the knowledge he attained is called Nirvana and the first sermon he gave is called Dharma Chakra or the policy of Dhamma Dhamma. Who is Ashoka? Right, Dhamma, that is, he calls religion Dhamma. Dhamma Chakra Chakra has started, Dharma Chakra has started and we say Nirvana, where Enlightenment got Nirvana, we have seen it right under the Bodhi tree in Buddhist Gaya and it asks what it represents, just as we call birth as birth. It is represented by the Lotus, which is Nirvana, that is, the attainment of knowledge, because it happened under the Bodhi Tree, so it is represented by the Bodhi Tree, the Dharma Chakra Pravartan is represented by the Wheel, it is called Turning the Wheel of Law. In English and death is represented by the stupa. Now we will see how the entire architecture of the stupa is but before that these four noble truths were given. Okay , four noble truths were given by Lord Buddha. Sorry, sorry, so. Four Noble Truths are here for you. Okay, so the Four Noble Truths were given by Gautam Buddha. The first thing he said was that life is full of suffering, that is, life is full of suffering, life is full of suffering, completely there. Is there a reason for suffering? Okay, then he said that desires are the root cause of suffering, that is, the desires are the reason for these sufferings and the fourth thing he said is that these sufferings can be eliminated. How can this be eliminated? What we call Eight Fold Path is correct. We call it Eight Fold Path or the path of Ashtangi. What is the path of Ashtangi? Asks which religion is the path of Ashtangi related to? Four Noble Truths. If it is related to which religion, then from Buddhism, he had said that keep the right arrangement, keep the intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, concentration, mindful, then you can go beyond the sorrows and sorrows, is there a need to memorize it, don't memorize it, see this once. You must have remembered this, see it once, okay, this is the life set important of Gautam Buddha Ji, we have seen all the things and if we talk about how to represent Buddhist text, then our Tri Pit is included in it. Okay, by the way, Jatak tales also come. There are Jataka stories which tell about the birth of Buddha or the previous birth of Buddha. It is okay about the birth of Buddha or childhood of Buddha or about his previous birth. It is okay about the birth of Buddha and one thing which is If he renounced the planet, then what do we represent it with? Okay, here I wrote that he did the house renovation, so we represent it with a horse. The name of his horse was Kanth, at some places it is also given as Channa and at some places it is Pa. It is also given in reverse in such a way that Kanth was the name of the horse and Channa was the name of the horse. Charitham is done, now in the Buddhist text we come to Tri Pit Tri Pit in which our three pit means basket, Tri means three three baskets, Abhidhamma Pit, Suta Pit and can anyone tell in which language the three words of Pit and Vinay Pit are written. Okay, here I am not writing this thing because I have never asked much but if you ask what has happened in this, what has happened in this, then it is okay then we will talk in Vinay Pit or Abhidha in Pit. Buddha's preachings are given, meaning all his teachings etc. Sarman is fine in Vinay Patak and PV R is fine in Sut Patak, sorry, all this is written here, oh friend, all this has been erased, okay, come on, no one, I will write one. Jataka Tales Adham Pit, Suta Pit and Vinay Pit are ok, now they have become our three fathers. If you ask whom is Tri Pit related to, then this is yours from Buddhist religion, Tri Patak, then this is your preachings, i.e. what Buddha Ji said . Their rules etc. rules and codes which are for our monks and those who are not monks and the Sarmans were written in it i.e. the words which were spoken were interpreted through Sut Pit so Sarmans etc. are written in it and its interpretation is correct. There are rules and codes written in Abhad Patak's Suta Pit and Vinay Pit, okay and they are called Pali Canons, they are called Pali Canon because it is in Pali language, okay, it is okay in Pali language and I liked this one thing very much. It seems that 4000 people are constant, that is a very very good thing, okay, after the lecture you are feeling very good, I can tell you this, okay, where other people might be feeling regret, why did you leave, you are feeling good. There will be three languages ​​- Pali, Pali, Prakrit and Persian. Now we have got the status of classical language of India. The stupa which represents the death of Buddha ji, its architecture raises questions. The gateway that we can see, it is called Rana, it is called Rana. What you can see is Hemispherical Dome, this is called egg, this is Hermia, this is Chhatra, this is Medhi, this is the railing that is visible, this is called Vedika and the place where you will walk inside it, okay, that is called Pradakshina Path, that is called Pradakshina Path. Medhi is fine, vedika railing is done and medhi and pradakshina path is done, pathway is done fine, the bus important person asks us where the stupa is located, like where is saffron, then saffron is the biggest in India, by the way, the whole boro is Budu of Indonesia. It is the biggest but if we talk about India then it is the biggest where is it in Bihar Dhamek where is it in Sarnath This little cylinder is in shape tomorrow Asks this thing Cylinder is a little shape tomorrow Where is Sanchi Madhya Pradesh Remember in Sanchi, which festival is held here, I had just started the last class, which festival is Ram Bhar, this is also in UP and Bharhut, this is your Bharhut Stupa in MP, this is also important, Bharat also asks. Keep this in mind, Chetiya Giri Vihar Festival in Sanchi, I told you, I told you right, Chetiya Giri Vihar Festival, Chetiya Giri Vihar Festival is held here, why is it held here, because Buddha ji had two deciles, the first one was the decile, meaning the one till the last. There was only one left, his name was Anand. If you listen to Osho's words of Buddha Ji, he mentions a lot about his Anand. Anand was the last one among them. What do you say, he was his disciple, okay, he was his disciple, so this thing. You should know that Chetia Giri Vihar Festival is organized, one is Maham Gal and the other is to celebrate his relics, Chetia Viri Vihar Festival is organized in Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh. What is Bihar? Bihar is the place where the place The place of residence where these people live, who follows Buddhism, what is the place of residence and what is Chaitya, the place of worship where these people worship, the place of worship is fine and fine, this is told in MP and Ram Whatever is there in UP, where is Kushi Nara, Kushi Nara is the same place where Buddha Ji died, whether I have written this or not, yes, where was Mahaparinirvana found? Keep this in mind, Mahaparinirvana was found in Kushi Nara, death is written here. Where was Kushi Nara then Kushi Nagar or remember that happily they sacrificed their lives, ours is finished and one more Chaitya Vihar I have told you Shanti Stupa where is Chaitya Vihar I have told you Okay , so the Shanti Stu which is located is in Ladakh, isn't it? Well, there is a monastery which is called Neem Doling Monastery and we also call it Golden Golden Temple of South India. It is also known by the name of Golden Temple, Neem Doling, this is your name, it falls in Byala Kuppe Karnataka, keep in mind that Byala Kuppe is in Karnataka. Its name is called Rolling Monastery, it is a monastery by the name of Golden Temple, it is right, Byla Kope Karnataka and Shanti Stupa will be there in Ladakh, similarly in Ladakh you have Hemis Gopa Monastery, where we saw that Hemis Festival is celebrated, how many days to walk in Ladakh. The festival is going to be a yes festival, so Hemi Gapa Monastery is your place, but this will also fall in your Ladakh, okay, so keep this thing in mind that your two-day long festival should go ahead, so now let's move ahead and some council's no, no, no, that. That's what I am saying sir, one of the people has written 'Many Gapa', 'Many Gapa' does not contain 'Many Gapa' of yours, that is in Himachal, 'Many Kopa' is in Himachal Pradesh, keep in mind, okay, let's go, your name is Gayal also in Himachal, the name Gayal also falls in Himachal Pradesh. Let's move ahead, next is our T-Is Buddhist Council, which one was held at which time and where, so keep in mind that this is the first Buddhist Council, this is what Buddhist council has written, remember this opinion, okay, in BC, keep in mind how much has been written by them [laughter] This It is not right, keep in mind that you do not have to study this 5th and 6th, it is absolutely fine, you have to study only 4, 5th and 6th and this is according to the Buddhist era, we do not have to remember the year, we have to remember the year in BC, 483 BC, keep in mind that it is 383 BC. Keep in mind, after 100 years, this ruff is 250 BC i.e. Ruffle again after 100 years and this happened in your AD. Ok Ruffle brother, you understand 80 AD i.e. 80 AD i.e. 80 years after the birth of Jesus, where was Rajgiri second Vaishali. The third one took place in Patliputra and the fourth one in Kundal Van Kashmir. Write it down here. Ok, this one took place in Kundal One Kashmir. The fourth one took place in Kashmir, Rajgiri Vaishali, Patliputra Kundal Van Kashmir. Who won the Patnites? The first one was the free enemy, the second one was black mourning, the third one was Ashoka and the fourth one was the fourth one. Kanishk had done it, it is not written in it, it is okay if it is not there, then you should note it down separately, remember it like this, A K A K A K A K became A K K Azad Enemy Kala Sok Ashok and Kanishk were rulers at that time. Meaning, who led that Council, who led it, Paterna means who was the king at that time, okay, and who led that council, then Mahak Shap is okay, then yes, then Maha Maha, sorry, Mughali Put Tissa and then Rakshita, then this is okay. Keep in mind that it does not so much ask which monk led but who did the mentoring, then do not forget this thing, do not forget where it happened, do not forget that these two things are very important. Now let us come to Buddhism in Jainism. Now coming to Jainism, whose concept is prevalent in Jainism? Who is the concept of Tirthankar in Jainism? Who are the Tirthankaras? Those who are the gurus of Jainism were called Tirthanjis. Their name was Rishabh Dev or Rishabh Nath Rishabh. Dev, now there is some symbol for all these, see, their symbol is used by Bull and his son is Gomateshwar Bahubali, where is his statue made, please tell me where his statue is made, his statue is made there, come on. Let me tell you where it is made because right there we have to read a few things about Chandragupta Maurya, so this is Rishabh Dev, first we have to read about the 23rd, so there will be a lot of things like this, like this, your 23 We have to read about this, this is our 23rd Parshvanath, okay Parshvanath is the 23rd one and he is represented by Serpent i.e. snake and the last one is the 24th whom we consider to be the actual founder of Jainism, although Rishabh Dev is but the main one. He did the work of spreading the religion, did the work of propagating it, Mahavir did it, who did it, Mahavir was the 24th and the last Tirthankar, it is better to represent him than a lion, if a lion were to represent him, then we have to read about his life, when he was born, like We read about Buddha's birth, death, mother and father, his birth was in 540 BC, his birth was in 563 BC, if we talk about his death, he died in 468 BC, his mother's name was Trishala, okay, Trishala. That she was a Lichchhavi princess is fine, her mother belonged to the Lichchhavi clan, but her father was from the Jana Tarika clan, okay, so which clan would she also be from, Mahavir would be from the Janaat clan, okay, so if we talk about her father, then her father The name was the same name as the childhood name of Gautam Buddha. What was Siddhartha talking about? He was born in Kund village near Vaishali and his death took place in Pavapuri. He gave his first sermon in Pava but he gave it in Pava. Her death was in Pava Puri, okay, clear, so much, what else will he ask you from here, yes, he will ask that his daughter 's name was Anuja Priyadarshini, okay, Anuja Priya Darshani and her husband was Jamali, Anuja Priyadarshini's and Jamali his. Mahavir's first decile became the first decile. Similarly, about Gautam Buddha, keep in mind that his son's name was Rahul, his son's name was Sun, his son's name was Rahul, his son's name was okay, so you have to keep this thing in mind. Now, when Mahavir left his planet at the age of 30, when he did this at the age of 30, a Makha of Gosalpur, for whom caves were built, we had just seen the people of Satvah Dynasty. Exactly what do they represent? Everything is done. Now here your concept of Triratna works. Keep in mind that in both Buddhism and Jainism, here in Buddhism, sorry, in Jainism, what is called Triratna? In Buddhism, sorry, in Jainism, we call KFC as Triratna. FC KFC means Right Knowledge, Right Faith and Right Conduct. It is said that it is okay to take the Triratna. If we talk about Buddhism, the three gems are different in Buddhism. In Buddhism, the three gems are different. There is Buddha Ji, his Dhamma and his Sangha. This is one thing, keep in mind that this was the fourth Buddhist council that was held. Here I add this thing. It is okay that the fourth Buddhist council that was held was the fourth council of Buddhists. The Buddhism in it should be divided into two sects. Gone were Hinayana and Mahayana, Hinayana and Mahayana, Hinayana, those who did not believe in idol worship, these were the ones who believed in idol worship, which today became Sri Lanka, okay, it became Sri Lanka, it became Indonesia, it became Malaysia, it became Thailand, those who see Buddhism here. There is Hinayana, it has become China, it has become Japan, it has become Korea, the Buddhism we see there is Maha Mahayana, in our India it has become extinct but in Bengal, whatever thing goes there, you know there is a lot of sorcery. In Bengal, Vajrayana form of Buddhism came there, which we call Tantric form of Buddhism, which developed in East India, Tantric form of Buddhism is fine and I told you in Tri Ratan Buddhism, now I had asked about Rishabh before Rishabh Dev. What was the name of Dev ji's son? Gomateshwar Bahubali was the name of his son, for whom the statue is built in Shravan Belgola. Now Shravan Belgola is important for us because what happened was that when the Maurya Dynasty was ruling in Magadha. There is a very big feminine Magadha, one of the tribes from here had shifted here so that there would be less people and if people go with them, there would be less pressure and the little food items and other things there would be available. If Chandragupta Maurya could survive for the people, he would have got out of here. Chandragupta Maurya, he would have got out of here. For where, with whom, Bhadra Bahu was with him and many of his followers, as you can tell, Bhadra Bahu, he died. They performed food , what is eating food, giving up one's life without eating or drinking anything , just like our Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar ji had done that, okay, Vidyasagar ji had also given up that life of ours in Chhattisgarh, you know, okay. So I can ask you, Bhadra Bahu led that clan after this, when he went back here, what happened that even before these people were following Jainism, okay, so Chandragupta Maur asked which religion? Jainism is fine and when Ashoka, his grandson, went back to Buddhism, he saw that the people who were left there started wearing white clothes, then Bhadra Bahu said that we are not the same. Bro, we don't wear clothes, you don't wear clothes, so he founded Diga sect i.e. amber is his clothes i.e. he doesn't wear any clothes. Now you must have seen that Vidyasagar ji did not wear any clothes, he was from Digambar sect. Those who wear white clothes are called Shwetambars. Who are Shwetambars? They are those who wear white clothes and their founders were Sthool Bhadra. Okay Sthool Bhadra, there were two Jain councils, you had two Jain councils, one First Vallabhi was held in Gujarat, the second one was held in Pataliputra, the second one was led by Sthul Bhadra and Digambara had boycotted it, so pay attention, that is, you will remember where these people had gone, these people had gone to Shravan Belgola, Karnataka only, where A festival named Abhishek is organized by Mahamat every 12 years on the statue of Gomateshwar Bahubali who was the son of Rishabh Dev. Okay, so Shravan had gone to Belgola, which is in Karnataka, where and which festivals were held, Kuthi Pada. Where had I read Kamba? Had I read Hampi Festival? I had read all these festivals of Karnataka. We have some philosophies. These are Jainism and Buddhism. This is how philosophy works in Hinduism. Keep in mind the six philosophies. Vaisheshika Nyaya. Yoga Mimamsa asks Vedanta and number, who is the founder, then it is written below, Gautam Gambhir gives justice, remember it like this, okay, who gives justice, Gautam Gambhir is the one, Kapil keeps blowing his conch, it is always fine and from Vee, Vedvyas is Vee. There will be no need to remember Vedanta Patanjali, Yoga is Patanjali, Baba Ramdev has made it so famous, remember Mimamsa and Vaisheshika and this Vaisheshika is the philosophy which works on logic and which is based on physics. It has come out of Vaisheshika philosophy, so Kannada is its founder who first told about atom, it is okay about atom, these are some schools of Vedanta, so keep in mind about them like Adi Shankaracharya had given Advaita philosophy, these philosophy schools Of Philosophy, take a little care about them. Where was the statue of Adi Shankaracharya newly unveiled? In the last current affairs class, I told you that it is fine in MP in Madhya Pradesh, which Shivraj Singh Chauhan was the former Chief Minister, he did this to Madhya Pradesh. And by what name do we know it? By what name do we know it? By what name do we know it? By what name do we know it? By what name do we know it? By what name do we know it? By what name do we know it? By what name do we know it? By what name do we know it? By what name do we know it? By what name do we know it? By what name do we know it? By what name do we know it? By what name do we know it? By what name do we know it? By what name do we know it? By what name do we know it? By what name do we know it? By what name do we know it? By what name do we know it? By what name do we know it? By what name do we know it? By what name do we know it? By what name do we know it? By what name do we know it by the name of Statue of Oneness? Which are the other mountains where we have built such a statue in MP? It is important for sure, if you ask then you will remember A Seya Dvaita Philosophy and A Adi Shankaracharya like this, okay and remember all the other opinions, A Seya Advaita and A Se Adi Shankaracharya have been remembered, which we call Philosophy of Non Dualist, Dvaita means two Advaita. It means that all the things are the same, so he had said that the whole world which is going on is a kind of dream, it is a kind of dream, okay, so he had said this thing, keep in mind that A means Advaita and A means Adi Shankaracharya. Ok clear and rest of you as many of them are there then hold on to two or three more and memorize them ok let's just move ahead Sir you are Rang Rahul, it was not his son, it was of Buddhist person, Sir, it is written only of Buddhist person. Brother, his Anuja Pre Darshani has been written, where are you sleeping, what have you written in Buddhism, Siddharth is now being spammed again and again, you are Rang Rahul, his son was not that of the Buddhist, it was the head of the Buddhist, so keep it written in Buddhism. Look a little, friend, we are tired, we are you, we are talking, we are tired of watching, we are tired of writing content, we are tired of you, now we come invasion from central, so you can understand in a way that our bus Ant dist is almost over, let's just look at Gupta a little, there have been invasions, some of our tribes have invaded from Central Asia, why did the tribes invade, because man, they also had reasons for the poor, they make some food here, as if this is China. There were four or five small tribes here, okay here, in this whole area, the Great Wall of China was built here, so here these people could no longer attack, so they started entering here slowly, this is okay, first of all Indo Greeks came to India, their greatest teacher was Mandar, meaning it is of two minutes, it is just barely two minutes long, so Mandar was their greatest teacher, he introduced Hellenistic form of art, introduced Hellenistic form of art in India. And keep this thing in mind that he introduced gold coins for the first time in India and he was the first to introduce gold coins which had a ruler, so he also introduced Mandar. He is known by the name of Milind and a book has been written on him, Milind Panho. Do you know Milind Panho? In it, it is shown how Mandar Nag Sen, who is a Buddhist monk, asks him questions about Buddhism and Nag Sen answers. After whom they adopt the religion of Buddhism, then they wander in the hearts of Milind, whom Milind We know the end Shaka by its name. After this, we know Shaka by the name of Sky. We also know Shaka by the name of Skines. They had a ruler, which means they were spread over a larger area in comparison to Indo-Greek, where mostly. In Western India, Gujarat and Rajasthan, they were not like the Islamic invaders who forced Islam, here they were completely mixed in Hinduism, okay, even today they are mixed, it may be some of us, Shaka. Who knows whether someone is Indo Greek or not. It is believed that these are the people who are Rajputs who disintegrated in Western India especially after Gurjar Pratihar, Chauhan Parmars Chandel and it is believed that they are Indo Greeks and they are the same people who are from Rajasthan. From the Gujarat side, but anyway, we had joined the Hindu religion, so if we talk about Shaka, don't say that you are not an Indian, okay, what happened to Indo-Greek, then where is India, then Rudra Daman, okay, Rudra Daman, now Rudra Daman, whatever it is. He is known because he had repaired the Sudarshan article. The article Sudarshan which was Rudra Daman Inscription Pat was made by Vaishya Pushya Gupta Vaishya. It was made by Maurya. Mauryas had asked to get it made. Chandragupta Maurya had asked to get it made. Well, these shakhas are now known for their military governorship, okay, they are known for what, they are known for their military governorship, which we call Kshatrapa system, what is Kshatrapa system, Kshatrapa system means that the ruler Later, as we saw that Brihad Rath was the last ruler, who killed him and like who killed Dhananand, Chandragupta Maurya, then who killed Brihad Rath, who killed Pushyamitra, then remember who is the governor, that means he will become the next ruler and not his son. He will be the military governor and will become their next answerable, so this military governorship which was introduced by Shakas is called Kshatrapa system. Okay, if we talk about Parthians, then come after them, do not read anything about them and this means the lowest area. Parthians were right in India and after that came Kushant, we know Kushant as Uchi, right or Uchi, it was they who had driven Shaka towards India, Shaka had driven away Indo and Indo Greeks, Indo Greeks were pushed by Shaka. Shaka, the Indo Greeks were ruling here, the Salis dynasty was ruled by Chandragupta Maurya, they were first sidelined, Shaka, when the Indo Greeks came, they were pushed by the Parthians, then Shaka, then Kushant pushed, and then last. Kushant also came here, their founder was Kujal Kad Faces, Kujal Kad Faces Vima Kad Faces was also a ruler, also known as, I told you this and their greatest ruler was Kanishk, Kanishk started the Shaka era, okay . Saka Samvat started in 78 AD, Vikram Samvat started in 78 AD, in 56 BC, when it is believed that Vikramaditya was a ruler by Parmar, then he was victorious, after that in 56 BC, which was used by the Government of India. Okay , keep in mind that this is Vikram Samvat, which means the Hindu calendar etc., the Government of India uses Sag Samvat, these Hindus, our calendars, use Vikram Samvat which was started in 78 AD. Right , that is, 78 years from the birth of Jesus, so when are these people coming, sir, do you know when they are coming, when BC is ending, AD is starting, now you are seeing that in 78 AD, there is doubt that it is starting. When would the Greeks have come? Maybe they came in 1 AD, maybe something like this in 1, 2 BC, because it must have ended like 5 BC, 4 BC, 2 BC, 1 BC, this BC, now Jesus. When Christ was born, it became zero, 1 A.D. Jesus became one year old, Jesus became two years old, 2 A.D. 38, so this is about the same time when these people attacked, when did India attack, they will not say in India. Now let's come to our last one, this is Gupta Dynasty in the ancient history. Okay, so let's read about Gupta. Okay, let's start clearly. About Gupta, who were the founders of Gupta? The founder is considered to be their Mr. Gupta and One thing friend, I forgot to tell you that Kanishka was the greatest ruler and there is a Raba Tak inscription associated with Kanishka which was found in Afghanistan. Where was the Raat inscription found? With whom is Afghanistan associated with Kanishka and at the time of Kanishka, the most popular form of gold coins was also found. Pure gold coins were first introduced in Indo-Greeks with ruler's photo inscribed on them. Almost all of Nadan can be seen in India, right from here to Tala till here till Bangladesh, if not then Akhand Bharat Chandragupta first is considered as its main founder, okay why is he considered as the real founder because he has given its main like Or no, we say that Tirthankar is called the real founder of Jainism because he was the one who propounded and propagated this religion. Now we know Chandragupta the first by the name of Maharajadhiraj, we know him by the name of Maharaja Raj and nothing else. Yes, keep in mind who was married to the Licchhavi Princess. There was a Kumar Devi. Kumar Devi was a Licchhavi Princess. She was married to him. Now read about Chandragupta second. Now what did he do. He had a brother whose name was a. What was his name? By doing this Ram Gupta was his name so he was killed first and his video which was Kumar Devi was saying sorry to him Kumar Devi saying Dhruv Devi married him ok so Dhruv Devi was his wife Dhruv Devi ok she was his wife and Chandragupta title which That title was taken by Vikramaditya Vikramaditya Why did people take the title because I told that Vikramaditya Parmar 56 BC So age was a matter of meaning pride so it is okay so took the title of Vikramaditya because in future also rulers came who took the titles of Vikramaditya so I told you He said ok and in his court there used to be Navratnas and Kalidas was one of them ok now we will see about the writings of Kalidas ok either or or or or or let's just write that Kalidas was one or the other Let's write about Kalidas here like I told you one, Malavika Agnimitra, Malavika Agnimitra will become Kumar S Kumar Sambhavam, okay and Malavika's friend and one which one was that and one Megh Dutam Megh U Dutam Ritu Sahara and one more love story, what was that name? One became Malavika's friend, one was Abhigyan Shakuntalam. Okay, Abhigyan Shakuntalam, so remember the names of some books, written by Kalidas, whom we also know as Shakespeare of India . OK Clear Chandragupta is associated with Mehroli Pillar Inscrinox Rudra Daman Sorry Rudra Sen from the second Dhruva Devi was the ruler of Waka Taka Dynasty OK Dhruva Devi was the name, right, so with whom did she get married, so lack of space here If yes, then let's write it here. Okay, so there used to be a rule dynasty here, the Worker Tucker Dynasty, which is actually the Vaka Taka Dynasty. Here I told you that there was a Saat Vahana Dynasty, its descendants used to be the feudal lords of the same, so Vaka. Taka Dynasty is ok waka taka yes Prabhavati Gupta Dhruva Devi I am writing Prabhavati Gupta the name immediately comes to my mind Prabhavati Gupta is ok I write it here only because there is a little shortage of space there so waka tarka of Dynasty There was a rule here and its ruler used to be Rudra Sen second. Okay, so whose marriage was made to him? Prabhavati Gupta's marriage was done. Okay, Rudra Sen second. His death happens immediately due to which Rudra Sen second. From here now the influence of Chandragupta second increases because now only Prabhavati Gupta, his daughter sat on the throne, his influence would have increased and here I mean, Waka Taka dynasty was here, there were Shaka Shaka rulers, so he removed the doubts completely. Chandragupta II completely removed it from here and from this we will see later that a Maitrak dynasty is established here itself Maitrak is fine, later this thing got cleared and traveler at the time of Chandragupta II. There was a traveler who came. Remember the name of that traveler. The name of that traveler was Fa Heen, who was the first Chinese traveler. If we talk about the first Chinese traveler Samudra Ruta, he was the greatest ruler of the Gupta Dynasty. He was known as Napoleon of India. Who also said VA Smith VA Smith called him Napoleon of India because when he read Prayag Prashasti then he said Prayag Prashasti yes yes Prayag Prashasti Prayag Prashasti was written by Hari Sen who was his court poet so he wrote it and there he wrote Because Samudra Gupta did not lose even a single battle, the titles taken by Samudra Gupta were Kaviraj and Sarvraj, O Chheta uprooter of all kings, Sarvraj Chheta means the one who uproots all the kings, Sarvraj Chheta and Kaviraj, because he plays this veena in coins. It is shown that we had three expo tents in Veena, one for APJ Abdul Kalam ji, Samudragupta and one for Aurangzeb. Pagalet, he also used to play Veena, okay, Samudra Gupta ji was shown playing Veena in the movie and Prayag Prashasti Hari Sen, right, if we talk about Kumar Gupta, there was an attack of hundreds at his time, okay, there was an attack of hundreds on him. For the first time at the time , which was the Central Ash Tribe and Kumargupta had established Nalanda University, which is right in Rajgiri, now Modern Nalanda has been unveiled by PM Modi ji. Skandagupta successfully resisted the attack of HS i.e. They chased away hundreds, it is okay off hundreds but due to these repeated attacks Gupta Empire started getting weak and now no major ruler comes from here. The inner pillar is associated with them . Yes, there is no doubt. Here in Gupta, we have seen the founder, we have seen whose marriage we have seen, we have seen the chief ruler, we have seen the titles, Kaviraj has told him, Maharajadhiraj has become Vikramaditya, his has been done well and this is me and this Kalidas, if we talk about Navratna and Navratna then like. Will become a Dhanvantri Dhanvantri was a physician Dhanvantri was a physician in his court Amar Singha Amar Singha In a way, whatever astronomically, now keep one more thing in mind that about Charak and Sushruta, keep in mind about these two people, Charak is considered the father of We speak Indian Medicine, it is fine and Sushrut ji is known as the Father of Indian Surgery. Well, now the officers should look at the important officers who were there during their time and how their administration was run. Bhukti was divided in Bhukti Bhukti meaning became one level Bhukti is fine as now you see India is complete India is divided into states Article One India That is Bharat Shall be a Union of States Neither state is in the state We see that there are different districts, then there are different cities, then there are different villages, in this way they were divided, in the subject, the subjects were divided in the same and in the same, they were divided in the villages, these were handled in the villages, this was done in the Uparpada. Subject Subject: There used to be a husband, he used to watch the Municipal Corporation and he would watch you, the village people would watch it, the Municipal Corporation would watch it, okay, now what is the matter now, yes, now keep in mind that there is some important office on his time, look carefully at it Kumar Amartya Kumar Amartya And there used to be one of ours, what was it called, what was it called, Maha Dand Nay's right, Maha Dan, Maha Dand Nay's right, Nayaka Nayaka Den, Aapka Sandhi Vigra Ka Sandhi Vigram Amrit, whatever it used to be, he was an important officer, the most important officer. Keep the type of Prime Minister type, Maha Dand is giving punishment, Officer of Justice is giving justice, no punishment, Treaty of sale means signing a treaty or Officer of War and Peace and this was the Nagar Shresthi, this was the Chief. Banker is fine, he used to be the Chief Banker and keep this thing in mind that the question arises that which post of Samudra Rupat did not hold by Hari Sen who was the court poet? Hari Sen did not hold this post. That is, Hari Sen had held all three posts, but Hari Sen alone had held this post, but did not hold this post. Which city's top taxes, remember the portion that was charged at their time, nor was it part of the produce. Even at the time of death, the same amount has already been consumed. The amount of produce will be enjoyed. In a way, periodic supplies of fruits, etc., okay, so what would be the balance of periodic supply of fruits, etc. Bali was a type of Bali, earlier it was voluntary, we saw that now it has become operative, earlier it used to be if you feel like it, then it is okay, what is it now, don't give, you will go first, this type had become okay in Bali and one in Uparpada. What was surcharge? Brother, tax on tax is the same. Extra tax is fine and one thing, keep in mind that Viti Viti was a kind of forced labour. This tax was taken by forcing people to do labour. It was abolished sir, it was Gupta on his time. There is some architecture built at the time, we have seen it, I have taught you everything, let me tell you quickly in the temple class, what is this, this is our great bore, okay, this is the great bore, the meaning of bore is that which is in the form of a pig. Vishnu ji is called in the form of Varah, isn't his Varah, the incarnation of Boar of Vishnu ji, in the form of Sumar, this goddess preserves the earth, protects it, so she is here. What are these called Udayagiri Caves? Udayagiri Hills, Udayagiri Caves are in Madhya Pradesh. Keep in mind that Udayagiri Khandgiri is different, it is in Orissa. I repeat again, Udayagiri Khandgiri is in Orissa. Udayagiri is in Madhya Pradesh. This is the temple of our inner village, which was built during the time of Gupta. This is the temple of our inner village, which is the oldest brick temple of India. And this is the temple of Devgarh which is in Lalitpur, okay Lalitpur, Devgarh in UP. Let's move ahead, now let's come to the post on Gupta dynasties. Which dynasty of ours came after Gupta? This is the last one. What happened in the end? Gupta gradually started becoming weak due to laughing attacks. So here, which is your Haryana area, here Pushyabhuti emerges as a dynasty. Okay, Pushyabhuti ji was a ruler, that is, he was a founder of this dynasty, so he comes first. Now why is this dynasty called Vardhan dynasty, that is why he says Because he was the son of Pushyabhuti, his son was Prabhakar Vardhan, Prabhakar Vardhan was his son and Prabhakar Vardhan had two sons, Rajyavardhan and Harshvardhan, so Vardhan became so famous, that's why we call him Vardhan, Diana, Harshvardhan. Okay, so gradually what happened was that the post Gupta gradually became small, what is happening now brother, if the Gupta empire is so big then who must have been their ruler, brother of Gupta's military commander, you rule here, you rule here, gradually they declared their autonomy and declared independence. Given that we are now different, don't include us in yourself, then let them be Gupta toy Pushya Gupta, Pushyabhuti is here, Maukhari is here, God is your province, God is the province of Maitra too, he has come here, okay now this slowly- Gradually they expand and they spread in the entire area. Who are Pushya Gupta people, that is why we are reading about them, who has spread now, how did they spread? Here in Eastern India, there was a God Province. The king here was Shashank. Shashank killed him. Harsh Vardhan has given a long story that his sister was Rajshree, meaning the sister of both of them i.e. Rajshree, the daughter of Prabhakar Vardhan, now this Rajshree is married to Graha Varman of the Maukhari Dynasty, which you are seeing here is of this Maukhari Dynasty. The most powerful ruler was Ishaan Varman who took the title of Vikramaditya. Keep in mind that as you saw Chandragupta II, Ishaan Varman was the one who took the title of Vikramaditya and the ruler of the same dynasty was Griha Varman, so Graha Varman was married to him. These people killed Shashank, the king of God Province, then again they killed Rajvardhan, when they went to take revenge, they were killed again, Rajvardhan, then Harshvardhan finally took revenge by killing Shashank, the king of Gadpras and gradually they started their own propaganda. In a way, this did not spread, did not spread publicity, did its extension, Harsh Vardhan made his capital, which capital was that, which was Kannauj, that is why I have written this, Sot Bhai, you also recall which capital was which. No, don't wait for me to tell you, who was the court poet, who was the court poet, who wrote Harsh Charitra, Ban Bhatt , so what did Ban Bhatt write, Ban Bhatt wrote his biography, Harsh Charitra, but keep in mind which books he wrote. He had written Ratnavali Priya Darshika Priya Darshika Nag Nanda had written three books Kannauj is known by the name of Kanak Buj Ya also remember who was the second Chinese traveler Hien Tsang whom you know by the name of Juwan Jang Sometimes -If ever a question is asked that who was the Chinese traveler who went towards China via Bengal, it was Fa Heen, who had earlier read this Hiu Song, who came during the time of Harshvardhan, against whom did Harshavardhan fight, it was Harshvardhan who fought. He fought against Pula Kesin II against Pula Kesin II on the banks of Narmada River. Although he fought against many people like I mentioned about Shashank, but this one battle was the biggest battle against him, okay where They are defeated and the only thing we can say about them is that their objectives of carrying out an expedition in South India fail, so this is the Narmada River. You are able to see from where it originates. Let us tell you if this is the Narmada River. If you were going to its south, here you will see the Chalukyas, about whom we are also going to read, so what did they do, they defeated them, their ruler Pula Kesin Two now there. When their work is over, then this is the rule that Harshvardhan rules. This is the rule of Harshvardhan ji from 606 to 647 AD. It is over, it is okay. Now let's come to Trip Kite Struggle. Tripartite war is very important, meaning it is a smaller and more important topic than this. This is not possible, this is a topic of one minute and a big question comes, just told that Kannauj was the capital, which was known as Kanak Buj, earlier it was the capital of Harshvardhan, why was it found, why was it important, from here the North Side, North Path and South Path connect. If you come here then the trade route is very good, from here both the trade routes can be controlled, here there were Gurjar Pratihars, in Western India there was Pala Dynasty, in Eastern India there was Rashtrakuta Dynasty and in South India there was Rashtrakuta Dynasty. At the time of the year 790 AD, something like this, these people fight here, what does it mean for Kannauj, it is not that Saas keeps fighting, this war goes on for a long time, hence he does not ask when to fight, he asks in this war. What else is this war called? Trip Struggle and between whom the war took place, then it is understood that Gurjar Pratihar, Rashtrakuta and Pali, it should be memorized, between whom it took place, it is definitely asked, we know it as Kanak Buj Struggle because Kan Or Kannauj Sgal because there was a struggle for Kannauj. Who was the founder of Gurjar Pratihar? Keep in mind that Nag Bhatt was their founder and when we talk about Pal Dynasty, their founder was Gopal but when this was happening, what was Tri Patte? Struggle at this time Dharampal was the ruler Dharampal and Dharampal had published Odat Puri University, sorry what did I say to him, what did I say, he was the one who had published Odat Puri Gopal, okay Gopal had published Odat Puri and Dharampal had published Vikramshila University. It is understood that this was happening during the time of Dharampal and for some time he had succeeded in establishing his control over Kannauj but it was not decisive, that is , it is not that among these three Become powerful and die, this is Gurjar Pratihar. Later we will read now, Chauhan who was attacked by Mohammad Gauri, Prithviraj Chauhan, Chauhan Chandela, who built the temples of Khajuraho, Parmars. Okay, we will see about them also, so all these Rajput dynasties are from Gurjar Pratihar only. It is believed that I have come out okay, so don't forget the try-partite struggle, this is very important. Now start the History of South India, wait for a second, okay, wait for a second [Music] Come on brother, let's start the History of South India Dancing Lady Height Dancing Lady is good, brother, it is 10.5 cm but he does not ask and I did not tell the question in IB, that is why I did not tell you that the questions from the Hindi calendar would have been wrong. Brother, Hindi calendar has already been done in the previous class. Saurabh Malvi, please improve this. People keep writing, I avoid these things like sir, congratulations on your marriage and this and that is okay, so I avoid it, now I will start blocking, okay because of you people, people who know the meaning of that brother, people see it. The comments say that brother, what brother are you asking for a wedding, what does it mean, do you write like this, what are you doing, if I start blocking you now, you will not write again and they say that you did not even tell us, you are this and that. We had seen your comment on youtube2, go otherwise I will block and then I am not going to unblock anyone else, because then you don't even have any option. Sir, who was the administrator of the channel who pinned Christ ji? Who was Christ ji? Come on brother, let's start, we will write something, if we get late, sir, we will hit our children in the garden, now we will hit them with shoes again, if we have written all this then it is history of South India, we have not entered South India, otherwise we will come down from Narmada. Let's go break break right now let's finish it then start again give you a break ok how much time now two hours two hours you need a break two hours is any number of hours let 's come to this ok come to this Okay, let's go, so what is this, is it a megalith? Now we had read about microlith. Okay, now we have read about microlith. Do you remember that microlith is called Majolis period? Micro are small stones. Megalith are looking at big stones. There are so many big stones in this grave yard where it was believed that when people of South India died, they used to place such big stones there themselves, asking this question. When did Megalith appear and which time period did it occur? So when Braj A was going on in North India, at the same time Megalith culture was going on here. The matter is over in South India. Gradually these regions developed in the region such as If this is your South India then they are Thai Regis, they are called Thai, geographical areas are called Thai, in this gradually we can say that dynasties emerged, three important ones were Chera, Chola and Pandya. Now understand carefully if you are Chera. Chola Pandya, don't understand, here your South is right here, Chola Pallava, Pallava Chola, Chalukya, Rashtrakuta and Chera Pandya, everyone's mind will go crazy, you are okay, be careful, Chera, come out of here, this Chola and this Pandya, what was their capital, what was their capital? Okay , what was their capital? Okay, what was Pandya's? What was Madhurai? What was Chola? What was Chola? Its capital was Tanjore. Okay, their capital was Tanjore. Or later, Gangai Kond Cholapuram was also built. Later, it was the port of Chera. Asks Port Muzri and Toddy, okay Muzri and Toddy were their ports, this was their port, it is understood when we talk about Pandey, their port was Kokai, okay, Kokai was their port, theirs was port and we will see about Chola. That Pooh which we know as Kaveri Patnam, then keep this in mind that you have memorized the names of the ports, we used to denote them with symbols, they used to denote Chera, they used to tear, no, they tear with what, bow and arrow, bow and arrow. Will kill and tear apart Chera Pandya, who is our Pandya? What do they say? Hardik Pandya, Pandya people eat a lot of fish, so fish and Chola, who is Chola, was their tiger, Amle, what was their emblem, the tiger which is in their flag. So many things were made just for now, okay, Sangam, the judge, they call the age, which was the time when Chera Chola and Pandya were present, okay, out of this, our total asks three. Sangam Sangam means where all the poets, all the people are together. We met and were sitting together, so that is what we call Sangam, so I ask you that the text which is Tolka PM Karke, was composed in which Sangam, then it was composed in the second Sangam, this Tolka Pyaar ji composed this. I had made this okay and you have to keep in mind that I must have told you a book by Dangor Gal in which Kovalan Madhavi and Kanagar are there, tell me its name, please tell me the name of Dangor Gal ji's book, what is its name, its name is Sheela, hierarchy, okay, Sheela. Hierarchy and the story is told in it, in which Kovalan is his wife Kann and there is a third lady Madhavi, in whose love Kovalan goes crazy and then she cheats him and then Kovalan again goes to Kagi. If Kagi would have accepted him then Kagi would have accepted him. In South India, especially in the region of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, Sheela is written in the alphabetical order and Kovalan and Madhavi had a daughter and her name was Mani Mein Galai, Mani Mein Galai, so you know this thing . There should be a confluence age, now here we look at this diagram a little because the Chalukyas who started from here are the same Chalukyas who had defeated our Harshvardhan ji. Okay, so this is the Chalukya Chalukyas, now this is also someone's future. Must have been, yes so these were the fued dates of Kadam of Vanvasi, Vanvasi falls in the place of Vanvasi. Okay, this is the region between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, this is the area of ​​Kerala, Kadamba Vanvasi falls there, Kadamba was the dynasty there, so their Fut were their feudatories were Vanvasi Kadam of Vanvasi founder who was Pula Kesin one was Pula one in short I am writing about the greatest ruler Pula two was Pula Kesin two now what is the problem with Chalukya sir that many people get confused now what was their capital If you look at the capital also, their capital was Badami but at some places you will see Kalyan written and maybe you can also see Vangi, why because keep in mind that there were three Chalukyas, three Chalukyas , three Chalukyas, yes one, the early Chalukyas, those who came later. They were called Later Chalukyas and they were called Western Chalukyas and they were called Vangis here also Chalukyas had come here and Chalukyas Vangis had come meaning what did Pula Kesan Too say to his brother It was that you have defeated a ruler here, that if you look here, then this Easton driver has become clear till now, what happened now is that I just told you that Pula Keson is two, Pula Keson has two defeated Harsha and the title. Take Dakshin Pathe Shawar of South Pateshwar i.e. Kankar of the South, we are the kings of the South, we are the boss here, okay then it is like this type Pula Kesan Two said, now Pula Kesan Two ji's rage has not subsided, there he went here to Pallav, he defeated Pallav also, he defeated Pallav also, Palag Satu ji, okay, then whom did he defeat Narasimha Varman One in short Narasimha, I am writing Narasimha. Varman one of Pallava dynasty defeated them. Who are these Pallavas? Brother, now Chalukya had told that wherever Chola was, there are Pallavas only there. Pallavas had come there only. Pallavas are called the feet of Satvaas. Okay, they are feudal lords of Satva. They say that this much has been cleared for the Pallavas, now Pula should defeat Casein II and one of the Pallavas will attack them too. Okay, now this is the architecture of Chalukya which we have studied in the temple class, let us get it revised and yours will be built in Vesara style. These are from Central India. Okay, by what name do we know them? This is our Patta Dakal Group of Temples. Which one is this? Our temple is built in Ahole. It is our I Hole Group of Temples, which means it has a lot of temples. There are all the temples, so one of them is the temple that you can see, Durga Temple, when was it built, which was built 1400 years ago, the question arises, which Chinese traveler came 1400 years ago, then it is 1400 years ago. Harshvardhan was ruling, remember, okay, if you start today from 1400 years ago, Harshvardhan was ruling, this song came at his time, yes, Harshvardhan has gone to Pula Kesan, this is the song that is the young man. Pula Keson 2 also went to the court. Okay, so it is Durga Temple. It is yours. It is located in Karnataka. It is one of the Ahole group of temples. It is yours. Then if we talk, it is your Ravana Phadi. Caves, okay, which one is this, this is your Ravana Phadi caves, this is also built by Chalukyas, okay, we have one, its name is Virupaksha Temple, Virupaksha. Well, I would have told you further, but don't forget, that is why I am telling you, Virupaksha, two temples. One is Virupaksha in Patta Dakka which was built by Queen Lok Mahadevi Queen Lok Mahadevi and there is another one which we will read further, okay there is one more which is built by Lakan Dande so it is in Hami, we understand that It is not coming, tell me quickly, okay, now who were the Pallavas, who were the Pallavas, then the Pallavas were considered to be the Furies of Satvas, who were their founders and what was their capital and about their ruler, their founder was Singha Vishnu. Singha Vishnu and his capital was Kanchipuram and his ruler was Narasimha Varman Second Listen carefully Sorry Sorry Sorry One Second One Second I thought I wrote Narasimha Varman there instead of Naras Mahendra Varman I am sorry for that Mahendra Varman ji was defeated Okay , he had defeated Mahendra Varman, Mahendra Varman was of Pallava and Narasimha Varman was one, he had defeated Sintu of Pula, Narasimha One defeated Pula Kesin II, so Pula Kesin II had defeated his father, Mahendra Varman, father of Narasimha One. And then Narasimha Varman One defeated Pula Kesin II ok and now he took the title of Vatapi Konda He took the title of Vatapi Konda Just like Pula Kesin II had taken Dakshin Pateshwar after defeating Harsha then he took the title of Vatapi Konda The capital was Chalukyas of Badami These are the early Chalukyas, they are also called Chalukyas of Badami, right, Chalukyas of Badami, and these are the later Chalukyas, do we call them Chalukyas of Kalyani, their capital used to be Kalyani, right, the letters are on and they were from Easton. Capital Vangi Vaji and these are also known as Capital Pallavas of Kanchi Pallava. It is good for whom for their temples and this conflict between Pallavas and Chalukyas does not calm down, it goes on, it goes on, it goes on and on and on Then there was a ruler, Kirti Varman. Kirti Varman again defeats the Pallavas and keeps them completely defeated. Okay, first expansion takes place after defeating Narasimha Varman One Pulla Case Two but Kirti Varman again becomes dominant. And how is it believed that when Kirti Varman went back here after defeating him, it was he who came under his feet and the Rashtrakutas who used to be under him, but when he returned from here after defeating him, the Rashtrakutas who came here came under him. Fund, who was a ruler, Danti Durg, he defeated Kirti Varman. Kirti Varman said that according to the rules, the revenue is not coming from your place. Danti Durg said, "Don't give it, what will you do?" He said, "Well, you will not give it, wait, we are coming now." He defeated Danti. Durg, please take care. Who is Danti Durg? Founder of Rashtrakuta Dynasty. And after defeating Kirti Varman, he had performed Hiranya Garbha, a kind of ceremony. Hiranya Garbha is so clear that these are the temples of Pallava, so here you are able to see the Shore Temples of Mahabalipuram, Shore Temples of Mahabalipuram, your Varaha Cave Temple. This is Sir Varaha, the name seems to be heard, yes, the bore form of Vishnu ji is the bore incarnation, it is called Vara form, so the cave temple of Raha can be seen here, okay, so these are the temples and this. Your Kailash Nath Puram Kailash Nath Puram Now many people get confused in this that the Kailash Temple which is the Kailash Temple was built by the Rashtrakutas, they were the rulers of the Rashtrakutas, Krishna Di First, Krishna Di First, they had built a temple which we call Kailash Temple, which you will get to see in the caves of Ellora, Kailash Temple is a monolithic rock temple, that is, a rock was cut from top to bottom and this temple was built from it . Well, this is a temple. I have shown you the naked photo many times before in the temple class. So if you ask who built the show temples then Narasimha Varman Dad has built Kailashnath Puram or even Narasimha II is fine, otherwise these were built by Narasimha I. Okay, Narsingh Di Pratham made it clear, let's rise of Chalas, this is our last topic, now after this we will start Mohd. Mahmood of Ghazni and all this is fine, after that, take a break, then read Chola Pa now, you know what happened in Chola actually. Let us divide this Chola into two parts, one is that Chola came at the time of Chera and Pandey, we are talking about this. Let us assume 300 BC means 300 400 BC, understand from third, fourth century BC, second century BC, fourth century BC. It means that at the time of 400 BC, when Chera Chola Pandey were ruling and these people were ruling till 300 AD, they were early Chola but gradually due to fighting with Chera Pandy, they became weak and are considered Pallavas. When I also sidelined him, he got sidelined but he said, the picture is still pending, my friend, he rose late, part of the eighth century AD, late ninth century AD, one I say late century AD, please write in the comment which years I am from. Which years am I talking about? Who were the founders? The founder was Vijay Laya who was an early Chola. Their founder was Karai Kaal. So if you ever ask who is the founder of Karai Kaal then it would be Karai Kaal but we do not know much about him. Regarding the early Chalas, this Chola, which we called later, is the same Chola which we used to rule earlier, so they called Chola themselves and established themselves here. Vijay Laya brought here in the Kaveri Delta, in the Kaveri Delta, where I was prepared. The kingdom was flourishing. Mut Yayar used to be the footer of Pallava, so after defeating them, he came and removed Pallava also, so Chola is considered to be the foot of Pallava, he is considered the feudal lord of Pallava, so he defeated Mut Yayar, defeated Mut Yayar and here He built a temple and built a temple for the goddess Nishumbha Sudini. Keep one thing in mind. Let me tell you that it is true that in the Chola Din temple built by him, a sun pedestal is found in the Bideshwar temple. Where did you get it from? If this question was made in Sizzle 2022, then keep in mind that you had brought the temple of luck, write on the sun pedestal, now I will tell you ok, build a temple for goddess Nishumbh Sudini, had built a temple for Nishumbh Sudini, the king of defeating the princes, the king of the forest, one He was the main ruler, he built temples, both people have studied temples etc. So, if I am talking about 1st century AD, then I am talking about 850 AD. I am talking about 850 AD. The rule of King Raja One was from 102 to 1044 AD, okay. And Rajendra the First's Ba Sorry Sorry Sorry Sorry This will be Rajendra the First's, na this will be Rajendra the First's, that will be his first 102 Okay from AD to Kya Sir Exactly remember us not exactly remember this keep in mind Ninth Century AD We are talking about the place where he rose and Rajendra Fas is important because his greatest ruler was Mahmud of Ghaznavi, who was contemporary of his time, now we will also see that from where we get information about him, then answer. It is the spinal cord . Keep this thing in mind about Chaula. Let's see his temples. Let's just write the temples here because I have not put the photo because we have seen them many times. Both of them build Brihadeshwar Temple. Which temple is Brihadeshwar Temple? This is what makes the king king in Tanjore, whom the king rules. It is called Rajeshwar temple because it was built by the king and he had built Gangai Konda in Cholapuram because he had established a city Gangai Konda Cholapuram Gangai means Ganga Konda means conqueror or one who conquers Well and the Chola who conquered Ganga So, after crossing river Ganga, Mahipal, who was the ruler of Pala Dynasty, came back and defeated them. This is Ganga Konda Cholapuram. It is true that he is called Napoleon of South India. He is called Rajendra the First. And what is Sabha? So, as we saw the Sabha Samiti of the Vedic period. At the time, this is the same settlement of pageants where farmers used to live, settlement of pageants and it used to be this where the assembly of Brahmins used to be called Sabha, it is the assembly of Brahmins and when the settlement ur ur ur ur ur Had they merged like this then Milak Nadu would have been formed and it would have been named Tamil Nadu. Okay, land donations, which land donations were there at their time, there were many land donations at their time, very important too, very very important, put a star mark on it. Okay, so this is your Devdan Devdan Brahmadeya Shaal Bhog and Palli Chhandam Palli Chhandam, so what questions will be asked from here, what is donation, then Devdan was the land which was donated to the temples, Brahmadev was that which was donated to the Brahmins. Shaal Bhog was donated to schools and Panli Chhanga was donated to Jain monks. We used to call it Palli Chhandam. Good Jain literature, keep in mind Agam, sometimes ask Agam. What is Agam Jain literature ? Like Tri Patak, we had read that the taxes of Buddhism were levied at their time. Keep in mind that there were two Vetti and Kadam Vati and Kadam Vetti in the form of forced labor i.e. forced labor and Kadam E which used to be there. It used to be in the form of land revenue, okay and these people came to know about their village assemblies from Uttara Meru encryption and other things, so they were known for their village assemblies. If you ask which kingdom, then tell Chalukya Kingdom, it is okay. Have read our Village Assembly Trip It Struggle, read about Rashtrakuta, Danti Durg Founder The Run, performed the run and this is the temple I was talking about, Kailash Temple which was built by Krishna the First of Rashtrakuta, okay so attention Rakhana Danti Durg Danti Durg was the one who performed Hiran Garbha and Krishna Van was the one who built it . Okay, it's clear, so here we end, now we will start. Medieval History Medieval History is very less, okay, you know this but only us. One has to read about the two Sultanates, Delhi and the Mughals. At the same time, history is big, so now things are going to be easy from here. Was the capital of the Rashtrakutas a valid field? Is their capital a valid field ? Is it a valid field? Which is Kalaburagi, which place is there? It is located, let's take a break now. Dahiya ji is saying okay, please take a break of two minutes, there won't be a break of one minute, friend, it is very interesting, it is boring, isn't it, I don't understand, it is fun in the middle level. It's fun, it's fun in the middle, it's fun, it's fun, it's fun, quickly, whoever wants to be light, light or heavy, and then start the Mable ST, it's ok, immediately, immediately, no one will run away, and when someone runs away, you know you have committed a sin. Now it's okay, don't run. Yes, let's start then the break is over. Now all your people will come. Let's start the medial history. Brother, the break is over. Come now. 500 people have run away. Let's start brother. One by one. The good comment I saw was that in the scene two of Pula, keep in mind that his coat was Pat and his name was Ravi Kriti, okay Ravi Kriti, his coat was the name of Poet and associated with it is Ahole Pillar Encryption i.e. Ahole Pillar Encryption. In Ravi Kriti explains how Pula Kesan II defeated Harsh Vardhan then defeated Mahendra Varman Okay so the whole pillar encryption Ravi Kriti Pula Kesan II The way we saw Hari Sen Samudragupta Prayagraj Okay Islamic invasions The Islamic invasion happened first of all, friend, if we talk about it first, then it's okay, if we talk about it, go very early, friend, okay, if we talk about it first, it happened about Mohammed bin Qasim, he killed King Dahir in Sindh province. Yes, Raja who was present was murdered, he has sent the letter, Sir, I am getting 120 marks in Maths, Reasoning and English and I am getting two to four marks in GK. What should I do so that I can get 10 questions from athletics exam? Virendra Chille ji, Virendra ji, according to me, in all the one shots that you are getting me to do, do them properly and you will get the notes. I think everyone has got them done through economics, but today I will get them done for economics also because I did not get them, okay economics. If you read from this then make notes that if you have less time then you will use that time properly and repeat all the one shots in it again and again. I get emails from many people that Sir, some people tell us They are giving advice , do Farbi, some say Pawai, why do it, some say batch, some say one shot, I had already said, do one thing but do it well, not like this, there are two things to do, but do that only when you can do it well. Those who are already doing it, those who have done it again, those who have also done Piva, one shot is okay but if it is the last time, then if you want to choose, then choose one shot and do it well, okay friend, anyone 19 Recharge it, friend, exhaust the data at 90, brother, recharge Student Life, now you cannot write the number, otherwise we would have done it, we have to take classes as well, come on brother, recharge them, Islamic e-way is fine, so the first one is Mohammed. There is Bin Qasim who kills King Dahir, nothing else but now comes Mahmood of Ghazni, okay let's call him he attacked India 17 times, 17 attacks were his first attack, his first attack was 1001. It was in AD that it had defeated King Jaipal, which is Sindh province, which is the present day region of Jammu and Kashmir. King Jaipal used to rule there, so it is okay that he defeated him and it is believed that he committed suicide on his own in the 16th attack. This is the most famous attack because the temple of Somnath here is the same temple of Somnath which was looted in Gujarat. He asks which attack is this, at some places he also writes 177th but it was not 177th in actual, so it was when Somnath was looted. The goods he was carrying were being taken to the lake and the Jats looted him. So, to take revenge from the Jats, the last attack he made was 17 and when was this in 1025 AD. This attack was in 1025 AD. Whose contemporary was he? The contemporary of Rajendra was the first, his contemporary was Mohammed Gauri. Now comes Mohammed Gauri. He fought three important battles. He was from the Gazan wide empire. He was from the area around Afghanistan. Okay, he fought the first battle of Tarain. In 1191 AD, this battle was fought in 1191 AD, he fought both the battles, he versus Prithviraj Chauhan, whom we know as Prithviraj the Third, I will write Prithviraj the Third, I am fine Chauhan, you already know that the second battle took place in 1192 AD. In the first one it was defeated and in the second one it was won. Okay, in the first one Prithviraj Chauhan ji had won and in the second one it was victorious. Gauri Van, the first one was Prithviraj Van Dan in 1194 AD. In 1194 AD, Battle of Chandawar where King Jaichand It was written by Gauri and what is Mohammad Gauri is fine. Keep this thing in mind about Mohammad Gauri, what was that thing. Yes, keep in mind about Prithviraj Chauhan ji, who wrote Prithviraj Raso, who wrote Prithvi Raj Raso, Chandra Bardai wrote it, fine. Chandra Bardai was written by Chandra Bardai and keep this thing in mind that where was Prithviraj Chauhan ruling, where was the rule of Chauhan dynasty, it was in Delhi, but first of all he asks, okay, first of all he asks where? Dynasty used to rule in Delhi, Tomar dynasty used to rule, okay, Tomar dynasty used to rule in Delhi, if you ask, Ang was the king of Tomar dynasty, Anandpal was the king of Tomar dynasty, okay, he used to rule here, Prithviraj Chauhan. Before this, a question is asked that which female ruler defeated Mohammad Gauri, then keep in mind that Queen Naiki Devi had defeated him. Well , he was defeated by Queen Naiki Devi, who belonged to the Chalukya Dynasty, the same Chalukya Dynasty or the Solanki Dynasty. The style was developed by the Chalukyas and the Solankis who were under the Chalukyas had developed the Gurjar Maru style of temple architecture. We had read that, okay, there was Queen Lok Mahadevi and a Ravate Shawar temple too. Keep in mind, friend, what I had forgotten to tell in Chola. Raja Raja the Second had built it, right, Raote Shawar Temple and we know all these by the name of Great Chola Great, meaning Chola Architecture, by the name of Great Living Chola Temples , all of them are Shiva temples, that is Shawai Mal, that is right, these are the temples of Lord Shiva. The Brick Temple that we had read during Gupta's time, which is in a village in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh. Your Krishna Temple is that Krishna Ji Pa Temple, right now he comes from here to establish the Sultanate of Delhi, Mohammed Gauri goes back after defeating him, leaves his slaves in the Good Empire, there was a slave here who vandalized here. This donkey was doing ok Paglet and the name of this Paglet was Bhakti Khilji ok he is the one who destroyed Nalanda University and Vikramshila Bhakti R Khilji and there was another tiger and his name was Qutubuddin Aibak who laid the foundation of Delhi Sultanate here Mohammad Gauri has gone dynasties that ruled in Delhi Sultanate. So, which dynasties ruled in Delhi Sultanate? If he asks us, then we remember him like this. A tough boy, by doing this, we remember him by doing like this. A tough tough boy, we remember him like this. You just have to remember it, don't take it to heart, otherwise you will become a slave dynasty, which we also know as Mamal Dynasty, that is why the Mamal style of architecture also asks with which dynasty it is associated, then why Slave Dynasty? It is said because different slaves ruled in it, then Khilji dynasty comes, then Tughlaq comes, then Syed comes and then Lodi dynasty comes, okay, Lodi dynasty people come, okay, so it means in this way that the dynasty is like UP is UP. Sometimes the rule of SP, sometimes of BJP, sometimes of BSP, like this, of Congress, like this, in India, sometimes of Congress, sometimes of Janata Party, sometimes of BJP, it is like this, Delhi Sultan, sometimes slave dynasty, sometimes Khilji, sometimes Tughlaq, this In fact, the founder of the first slave dynasty was Qutubuddin Aibak or Budbak, his rule started from 1206 to 1206 to 1210. Actually, the Delhi Sultanate started from the slave dynasty and the slave dynasty started from Qutubuddin or Qutubuddin. Delhi Sultanate started from Awak itself or when did Delhi Sultanate start? It started in 1206 and it ruled from 1206 to 1210. It had the title of Giver of Lux Lakhs. It was it that started the construction of Qutub Minar. He was not able to get it completed, plus he had started the construction of the 'Adhai Din Ka Jhopra'. Where is the 'Adhai Din Ka Jhopra'? Let us tell you in which place in Rajasthan it is located. He had started its construction and died while playing 'Chaugaan'. He died while playing 'Chaugaan'. Chaugan had become a kind of polo, which is called Ghul riding. The game played while sitting on a horse is called Chaugan. Is it clear? Where is the two and a half day hut in Ajmer? Is this much clear? This is Qutub Minar, whose construction was started in the name of his Guru Qutubuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki. Look at this photo. It is called Alai Darwaza. It was built by Alauddin Khaldi. Write further. Okay, it is called Alai Darwaza, which is its entrance. This is what you can see. Quvatul Islam Hai was also not built by Alauddin Khilji, Quvatul Islam was not built by Qutubuddin Babak either. Alauddin said, did I make a mistake? Qutubuddin Aibak had built it. If one asks the total height of this Qutub Minar, then it is 72.5 and 72 meters high. It has five stores and five floors. It was started by Qutubuddin and completed by Tutmish and the white one above was broken by lightning. It was built by Firozshah Tughlaq. It is fine and is based on the style of architecture of Iltutmish. Iltutmish , who was his slave and also his son-in-law, is fine. For how long did he rule? That was from 1206 to 1210. This is from 1210 to 1236 AD. His rule is therefore important. Qutub Minar will not have to be written, nor will it be completed by him. Okay, pay attention here. Let us tell you what he had done, he had started Turkane Chahalgani or what we call Chahalgani system, he had started a group of 40 Turkish slaves, this Turkish means Turkmenistan, not Turkey, there was a group of 40 slaves, this was a group of 40 slaves, he had started this. He had got Silver Tanka and Copper Jital started. These were coins. Silver coins were called Tanka. Copper was called Jital and one thing. Who introduced Gold Coins? Quickly write in the comment in which those who had started that also had done so. That the photo of the ruler was made, it was done by the purest Kushan, right, it was there during the time of Kanishak and when most people ask about the largest hold of gold coins, it was introduced during the time of Gupta, which I forgot to write down, so that thing. Will also add it there, ok, this and What did it do? It introduced the Ikta system. Ita system used to be in a way that you have to maintain the military, in exchange of that you have the rights of land revenue, extract the revenue from there and you give something else to us, then it is called Ita system, it is so many things. Clear and that was completely completed, we know that we will keep in mind only during his time, it was during his time that Genghis Khan, who was Mongoloid, had attacked. Genghis Khan, who was Mongoloid, was attacked during his time. Okay, attacked. During his time, let's move ahead, this thing became clear, after this his daughter Razia Sultan comes, would there have been a war of succession after this because he had no capable son, there was no daughter, Razia Sultan, so the condition of the daughters is the same today. So, what must have happened at that time, you all know that no one likes it if a girl sits on the throne, so what happened after that, one Ruknuddin was the son of Firoz, who was his half brother, whose secret was this. Sultan's mother from another, sorry, brother from another mother, okay, so Ruknuddin Firoz is Ruknuddin Firoz, his mother's name was Ruknuddin's Shah Turkana, so Shah Turkana created the whole machine, Razia Sultan, to get him killed, but Razia Sultan instigated him. Like it did not happen in Bangladesh against them that they provoked people, hey, what are they doing, seeing you in the job, giving them reservation, protection, beat them up, send them to the government, make these beauties bus like this and then go back, not like that type of laugh from the serial. Must have been our Mohammad Younis, well wait, Firoz had planned to kill him here, but Razia Sultan instigated people and made them go to their side. Razia Sultan had gone away in 1236, who was the one who served us for some time. He remained there for a short time between 36 and 40, then Razia Sultan came, Razia Sultan also, just keep in mind that the first female ruler of Medieval India, the first Muslim female ruler of the first Muslim female ruler of Medieval India, rest you just remember. Don't keep, don't remember, some gift comes, Balban, many people also come among them, let us tell you, Bahram Shah will come, Masood Shah will come, Naseeruddin Mahmood will come, it is okay to write but do not memorize it, Bahram Shah will come, Masood Shah will come, Naseeruddin Mahmood will come, okay. Balban gradually makes the throne unstable and then sits on it and becomes stable himself. Understand it like this, after Qutubuddin Babak, the chief came immediately, after Iltutmish, if any main ruler came, then Balban was Balban, he made his own. The rule started from 1266 to 1267 and its rule continued till 1287. Its rule continued till 1287. Now what did Balban do? Balban first of all removed Chahalgani. He removed the side group of 40 slaves because he knew about it. That they will again become a threat to my position, so I removed them. He said that as soon as you see us, bow down, it is okay and as soon as they come in front of you, then kiss our feet, then do Sijda and Paibos. He was told to introduce. He did this and said that we, you, we come from a big royal family, if you have heard the name of Afra Siyab, then you say yes, if you have heard it, then you say that we are his descendants, we are coming from his family, do not think like that whereas Ghulam Bhai Saheb, you are looking at Iltutmish, he is calling himself a descendant of Afra Sia, he said that Jille Ilahi, he does not speak this only, people said, well, he is from the family here, he does not even speak, and listen, he speaks, Jille Ilahi is Jille Ilahi, he means When asked, he said, Shadow of Allah is the shadow of Allah, we are fine, then he said, then he did not stop here, he started Navras, which is a Parsi festival, he introduced it, so Balban did so many things. This is not all that Balban speaks, wait now and listen to this crazy person, a military department is also an establishment department, Balban, now what happened to Balban, after Balban comes Kaiku, after Balban, Kaiku came after Kaiku, what is after Kaiku could not continue like this. It is written that after some Kaiku, Kaiku could not continue, then this dynasty ended in 1290, the slave dynasty will now come from here, the Khilji dynasty of Jalaluddin Khilji, who is there with glasses in his big eyes, now this one will start the rule here. The rule starts from 1290, starts from 1296 but it could not do much, could not do anything, nothing has to be studied, what happened to it, who murdered it, its own nephew, its own son-in-law, Alauddin Khilji, Alauddin Khilji, sided First of all, take care of Alauddin Khilji, Ali Gur Sup, okay, right now I am not seeing much of your comments, so please do not write now, okay when I finish, okay, when I finish Atlist Khilji, then write, if anyone has any doubt or else If you want to say something, sir, if any fact seems to be missing etc. then it is okay to ask. Alauddin Khilji is known as Ali Gur Shab, his rule lasted for 6 years, from 1296 to 1316. It was okay, you should know a little bit, you may not have memorized it at all, but a little bit of one or two, one or two in between, now its role is very important, how is its rule important, first of all it was removed, who ended the ita system, ita. The system was introduced by Iltutmish, it is okay, Chahalgani Balban ended it, then what did he do, he is very famous for his market reforms, he brought reforms in the market and for that he made point offices like Shehnai Mandi which will look after the grain market. Who is Shehnai Mandi, who will look at the grain market, the grain market, that no one is giving goods to the people at a higher rate, and Sarai Adil Sarai Adil, this is the cloth market, the cloth market, because it used to pay less salary to the officers, for the officers, it gave stain and Chehra system was introduced Daag and Chehra Daag means branding of HorsesGirlsSex Not only this and listen that its Aamir Khusro was its court poet and this Aamir Khusro had given the title to it Sikandar Saini's okay Who gave the title of Sikandar Saini His Sikandar Saini Alauddin Khilji and Alauddin had given it the title Tate Hind Ka i.e. Parrot of India. He had introduced Qawali. We have read in the Form of Music whether he had introduced the Qawali form or not. Whose military commander was he? Alauddin used to be its military commander, his name was Malik Kafur, whom we know by the name of Hazar Dinari, we know him by the name of Hazar Dinari, we know Malika Fur because it was bought with a thousand dinars. It was Alauddin Khilji in Gujarat, this Malik Kafur, for this, he made an expedition to South India for Alauddin, defeated the Yadavas of Devagiri, defeated the Katiyas of Warangal, defeated the Pallavas, and after defeating all of them, this Malik Kafur came, Alauddin opens, enjoy. Gaya is absolutely fine, so from 1200 96 to 1316, all these things keep happening, keep happening, keep happening, okay, now South India Mali Kafur is of lesser importance, Alauddin dies, now when Alauddin dies, then Malik Kafur, who is He was fine and the better half of Alauddin Khilji, so he is what Malik Kafur does, his younger son Malik Kafur watches Alauddin Khilji's elder son, Mubarak Shah, he is of the same type, so he did not like it, Shahabuddin Omar Shahabuddin. I am writing Omer in short Omer because I don't ask many questions on this, but if you ask then Omer is the one who is sitting in the tho, he was a minor, this is Malik Kafoor, Malik Kafoor rules in his name, Mubarak Shah kills Malik Kafoor. Mubarak Shah first kills Malik Kafur and then sides with his Omar and brings his better half, Mubarak Shah Khusro Khan, whose name is Khusro Khan. Khusro Khan had the same relation with Mubarak Shah as Malik Kafur had with Alauddin. Exactly same to same, Khusro Khan, like Malik Kafur, was not loyal to Alauddin i.e. Khusro Khan was not loyal to Mubarak Shah, Khan sided Mubarak Shah, Yasin Tughlaq sided Khusro Khan and Tughlaq sided him. The dynasty was established here, it continued from 1296 to 1316 till Alauddin and this entire caravan continued for 4 years from 1296 to almost you can assume that sorry from 1316 to 1320. From 1316 to 1320 till 1316. Is it going on? Theirs is going on from 1316 to 1320. Now come the people of Tughlaq dynasty. Tughlaq people come, brother, Samra makes it easy for you. Samra makes it easy for you. We have seen them from 1206 till when till 1290. Since when? See, from 1290 to 1320, now we will see theirs, from 1320 to 141, remember 1414, but in actual, till 1413, remember 141, okay, now from here we will see them later, okay, theirs goes from 1414 to 1451. And it lasted from 1451 to 1526. Okay, brother Tughlaq ji's entry is now and Tughlaq ji's entry will be full of respect but he also did not do any big work like Jalaluddin Khilji. Yes, the city of Tughlakabad was developed by Tughlakabad. He built the city and ruled it for 5 years. From 1320 to 1325, after this comes our Mohammed bin Tughlaq. Its rule was from 1325 to 1351. Now don't remember the specific range which I had told you about Slave Ki Khilji's Tughlaq. That is a little rote and important for you. And remember a little bit of Alauddin, now what do we call Mohammed bin Tughluq Tughlaq, we call him Wise Fool, it is okay, we know him by the name of Wise Fool, why do we call him Fool, we used to call him because he used to do planning but He was not able to execute it properly, hence you too should not be executed. You will also be called a fool. The next coming one is after 500 thousand years or not, otherwise don't do this work. If we talk about Mohammad Bin Tughlaq, then why would fools know this? Because it did something like it went from Delhi to Daulatabad Daulatabad which used to be Devagiri where Yadav school used to be Daulatabad is ok Devagiri good Naiki Devi I had told by mistake that it is the place of Prabhavati Gupta na means then I corrected it That name was given, it had come out, isn't it? That's it, Naiki Devi had come out, maybe which one, which name had come out, I am saying again which goddess had I told, come there, I will tell you about her. I will tell you that it is not important from the exam perspective but there is a story. Well, after Devta from Delhi, he shifted the capital, why did he shift because he wanted to expand in South India, wanted to conquer South India, when he saw that here Vijay Nagar is there. Bamani Empire started fluttering, it was born, then it went back. When it went back, first of all it said to the people, 'Come on brother, let's go from Delhi to Daulatabad. Then he says, brother, let's go from Daulatabad to Delhi. Okay, second city. He asks who built it, so take care.' Siri, which is Siri, is a second city, it was named Siri, it was built by Alauddin Khilji and Shri Fort was also built by Alauddin Khilji and now I remembered that Alauddin had imposed three types of taxes. Jizya was imposed, it's okay, now I am finishing all Tughlaq Syed and Lodi, then in the end, tell me if anyone has noticed some points, like I have missed the point about taxes, I just remembered it, but if anyone If you get some points then it is okay, Jizya Gharai which was a house tax and grazing which was a pastoral tax, Jizya which was levied on non-Muslims and what was Khams, Khams was war booty, that is, whatever you do in war. If you are in it, suppose those who were under them are sometimes doing some war, then if they are capturing something from the war and bringing something back, then some part of it will go to the ruler, then Khams was kind of war but it is fine. Come on heart, this is what it did, it did something about it, it's okay, it's Chill and Khorasan Expedition, it thought it would, it failed, it introduced a token currency, it introduced that, it failed, it's okay, it gave two gardeners To gardeners whose names were Ladha and Pira Ladha and Pira, to a barber, to a barber, to a cook and to a wine distiller, to a high administrative post, to an appointment post, in which he told that this was the work he had done, this was the foolish work he had done, he had given such dates. Who told in Firoz Shahi, Ziauddin Bara had told and similarly our one was Takte Naseer, ok Takte e Nasiri which was written by Minhaj Siraj, who had written Minhaj e Siraj and in that he had told, who had told in Taba Ket Naseer that Ra Sultan Was more capable than her brothers? Minaj Siraj asks whose time's chronicler? Kanik Chronicler's means historian. So he was the historian of Iltutmish's time. Minaj Siraj asks Tariqa. What is Tariqa? So Tariqa means history. Ok, this question is asked. Sometimes he takes it and talks about the history as a collection of histories. Okay, so Mohammad Bin Tughlaq became crazy. Mohammad Bin Tughlaq had started a department by making someone crazy. He had started the agriculture department by doing Deva only. Just this much is clear, now let's come. His cousin is Firoz Shah Tughlaq. You can understand the time period of Firoz Shah Tughlaq, he was ruling from 1351 to 1388. He had developed many tanks and canals. All this is fine and you must have heard the name of the city which is Jaunpur. If she studies in UP then this Jaunpur was developed in the name of her brother Mohammad Bin Tughlaq who was her cousin. Firozshah Tughlaq had developed the city in the name of Jaunpur Prince Jana, it was named after Mohammad Bin Tughlaq, so it is okay, he had set up some departments like Diwan. bandga to whom That the Department of Slaves is said to be the department of slaves and crazy charity, that is, donations are given for the marriage of girls and this person had made the topmost garland of Qutub Minar. Clear, now move ahead, come on, I am the last one. Remind me, I will get you to write down the rest of the crazy ones, Wizarat, Insha, Deewane, Risalat, Deewane, Must, Kharat, Deewane, Riyasat, I will get you to write it at the end, it's okay here, let's get it written at the end, it's okay for you, Khizr Khan was the founder of Syed Dynasty. Who was the Founder of Syed Dynasty ? There was an invasion by Taimur in India. Taimur was an invader. Asks in whose time the invasion took place, then this invasion took place. How many beards are you looking at? It looks like Philips has used a trimmer. Taimur is the invader. On whose time was it Mahmud Shah Tughlaq? Mahmood Shah Tughlaq had invaded at his time, keep this thing in mind in 13398 AD and that is what he meant, he had left his military commander Khizr Khan, so he created the Syed Dynasty, here you should know only this about Syed that he was in 1400 From 14 to 1451, there was nothing else and the founder was Khazar Khan, nothing else, it's okay, there are more rulers in it, but there is no need to read about them, the Lodi dynasty came, Bahlol Lodi was its founder, about Bahlol Lodi. There is no need to read anything about Lodi Dynasty, I have already written it. After this, Sikandar Lodi, so regarding this, keep in mind that the poems are his, we know them by the name of Gulrukhi, they say Gulrukhi and after doing Sikandar Gaj, he wrote this. A unit of measurement was started. Sikandar Gaj, okay, a unit of measurement was started and one thing is asked, who told these Syed people that the Syed people are descendants i.e. belong to a royal family, so it was said like this, dates were said. In Mubarak Shahi, in which one are the dates okay in Mubarak Shahi? When Mubarak Shahi asks who wrote the date, Mubarak Shahi was written by Yaya Bin Sir Hindi. It had told in it that the Syed people belong to the royal family. Yaya Bin Sir Hindi is okay, this much is clear here. No one has any doubt, there was another one, I am not able to remember it. Yes, keep in mind that Shahnama is a Shahnama. Who wrote the Shahnama? It was written during the time of Ghaznavi. Remember, Ghaznavi's first attack took place in 1001 AD. Let us tell you that this Shahnama was written at the time of 1000 AD i.e. at the time of Second Century AD, it was written by Firdausi and we will read another one, Padshah Nama, written at the time of Shahjahan, was written by Abdul Hamid Lahri. This is the Shahnama written by Firdausi. I wrote ok Bahlol Lodi, we did not have to read anything about Sikandar and this Gulrukhi and this is our O man, are you looking at brother's attitude, we are Ibrahim Lodi, ok if we talk about Ibrahim Lodi, he was the last ruler not only of the Lodi dynasty but also of the entire Why about Delhi Sultanate because it was defeated by Babar. Defeated him. Okay, Babar defeated him in the first battle of Panipat. So from here the whole story ends not only of Lodi Dynasty but of the entire dynasty. One thing to note is that of Jali Sultanate. Keep in mind that these people were known for double dome architecture. Who were the people of Lodi known for double dome architecture? They had also built a mosque of death. They were known for architecture. They had built a mosque of death. Keep in mind who asks? If it is made by Sikandar Lodi or Engineer Lodi then all we have to read about Ibrahim Lodi is that it is finished with Bhai Saheb and here I am not telling you anything about Deewane, Deewane etc. I will get it written, it is okay, Deewane Wizarat, ask. Leta Nay Wizarat Deewane Insha Deewane Risalat Deewane Must Kharaj Deewane Riyasat To Bhai Wizarat Toh Hota Hota Hai Hamara Wizarat Who is Department of Finance Department of Finance Insha Hota Diva Department of Corresponds Corresponds That letter, no message, don't know which country is that ? That is the Department of Letters. Okay, if we talk about Riyasal, it will become Department of Appeals. Yes, whatever happens in Riyasat will become Department of Commerce. This is the difference between Riyasal and Riyasat and Must Kharaj is Department of Arrears. Arrears means. Money, brother, how much money do you have left? All these things. He used to deal with the revenue, used to collect etc. Take care of the revenue, I have collected revenue, who set it up, it was set up Alauddin Khilji, rest of the departments are clear, we do not know who set up Deewane Kohi Mohammad Bin Tughlaq Diwan Aris Military Department Whatever happens in Balban is fine, the crazy department of slave, crazy bandaga and the department of donations i.e. crazy charity, that is fine by Firoz Shah Tughal, the Delhi Sultanate ended from here before us because Babar defeated it in the first battle of Panipat, that is fine. Before we start, let's discuss a little about what was going on in South India . Then come the Mughals and this will end with the Mughals, then our modern history will start. Okay, you see, time was spent on Ant itself, now tell me. No one has any doubt, you may even be feeling that Sir, you have missed it. If you are feeling something like this, then anyway I will tell you about Ina Baduta. L is written, first name is written, look at your words, you will read it here. If it is okay now, then you can write that Ibn Battuta had come at the time of Mohammad Bin Tughlaq, you can note down, it is okay, there is nothing like that, you can note down, it is not that I do not remember that thing, I will write down okay. So at that time Ibn Battuta had come with a shoe beside him and he had written the book Reela is fine Reela had written the book Where did he come from Morocco is it Goddess Manko is fine Mur Mur was also given the title of Sultan Jahan Sikandar Sahen Bhi Had given Gaurav Choudhary Sultan Jahan had also given Sir, the petrol is running out, slowly the petrol is running out, son, your power is running out, Sir, you have blown everything in a very short time, so tell me, have you missed something which you think is important? It may have come in the paper and we did not tell, tell me now what do you think that here we mean the history which takes a month to complete, so we continued this lecture for a month. Tell me, you can tell him comfortably. Keep doing this for two-three days, take a break and then we will talk for some time. Come on brother, let 's sleep for four-five hours and then meet in class. Why are we? Espet has added correctly. It is absolutely fine, so keep one thing in mind that the one from Sikandar is Sikandar Lodhi. He had shifted the capital to Agra and he had established Agra city. This is a good point. Yes, it is okay. He had built Agra city and had shifted the capital. Show this crazy slide. Take this crazy slide. Let's also tell Aban 's books. Two Kinky's Books Kinky's Books Brother, let's start from the Vijayanagar Empire, so Vijayanagar Empire was yours here, your river Krishna River is fine, Krishna River was its tribute here, Tunga Bhadra, so Vijayanagar was located on the banks of that Tunga Bhadra and The capital of Vijayanagara was Hampi Hapi. Its capital was named after Queen Pampa Devi. Hampi Pampa Pampa Devi Vijay Vijay means City of Victory. What does Vijayanagar mean? City of Victory. It means that it was established. Harihar and Bukka Harihar and Bukka Isko in Stubs 36 3036 AD Who would have been the ruler of Delhi Sultanate at that time Mohammad Bin Tughlaq, that is why he had shifted the capital to South India but when he saw that people had come, he left from here and at this time. Ours will come. Who is that same Ibn Battuta, ok ? How many things are clear to him about his contemporaries, by what name did they know him? Can anyone tell us, by what name did his contemporaries know him? His name starts with 'K', he and one of our states. The name is there, just as there were different dynasties in the Delhi Sultanate, in the same way, there were four dynasties in ours, Sangam Sul Tul Arai Vid, so the Sangam that existed was from 1334 to 1485. Okay, we will talk about Salaf. So it lasted from 1485 to 1505 and if we talk about Tuluva, it lasted from 1505 to 1577 and if we talk about Arai Vadu, it lasted from 1570 to 1600 46. Okay, so this is a rough one, remember it, remember it. You will fit the rest in the middle and at the end, okay, so don't memorize everything, memorize that one. Their contemporaries knew them by the name of Karnataka Empire, their contemporaries knew them by the name of Mau, today we know them by the name of Vijayanagar. If the most prominent ruler was Krishna Dev Rai, then who is our Harihar Bukka, who would he be from, Harihar Bukka would be from the Sangam because it was he who stubbed out Harihar Bukka. If you ask about the founder of Tul Dynasty, then Veer Narasimha was the founder. Its Veer Naras is fine but. Its most prominent ruler was Krishna Deva Raya K D R in short. Some of the titles are Andhra Bhoj and Yavana Raj Priya Yavana Raj Priya Yavana means Greeks Prea means Lover Lover of Greeks Lover of Greeks Ok so much love for elephants Loved elephants so much Krishna Deora and the whole of Vijayanagara for Airy Fiends It is known that he had written some books, okay, he had written some books, one was our Amukt Malda, Amukt Malda and Javati Kalyanam, okay, Javati Kalyanam, now the Amukt Malda is a book written in Telugu, it is a Telugu State Craft, Telugu State Craft. When he asks what is the book then State Craft Pay and Javati Kalyanam which is the book is a book in Sanskrit, this Krishna Dev Rai thing was clear and some more Krishna Dev Rai, it is important to keep in mind who were the travelers who came in his time, let's first traveller. If you had seen Vijayanagar Empire, Ibne Battuta and Hariyar Bukka must have come at the time, then Farnav Naniz must have come at the time of Harihar and Bukka. These were the ones who had come at the time of Achat Devrai. Relate some of your tricks and remember them in this way. So don't forget that, I have made it but I can't tell you, okay, there are some things which are not told, if we talk about Niccolo de Conti, then Niccolo de Conti, then Conti Conti Devrai one is fine Devrai one doming piece and date Barbosa KDR, both the people, Krishna Deva Rai Abdul Razzaq, this was Dev Rai at the time of the second, this is our Ibn Battuta, he came from Morocco, we have told you, he was from Morocco, this is right, this was Fernav Naniz, the Portuguese, Niccolo de Conti, he was from Italy. And Doming Peace and Darte Bar Bosa, he was also Portuguese and he was our Persian traveller. Well, he was the Prince of Persia who came from Persia. He had built the Viru Pak Temple, but it was built during his time, but it was built by Dande, who was a chieftain. The Chief Ten means a kind of immortal hero. Who were the immortal heroes at his time? Who were the immortal heroes at his time? Tell me quickly. Galpos, he was famous for stepped tank. Okay, stepped tank. Now I am from Kalingar. When I went to the fort , I saw such step tanks there also. It is good for the step tanks. There were immortal heroes at their time. Military commanders were fine. Like we had seen this system, there was a similar type of system here in South India. KDR and this Vijayanagara Empire ended with the Battle of Talikota which we also know as the Battle of Rakshasi Tang. The Battle of Rakshasi Tang ended with this. This happens in 1556 AD. This happens in 1556 AD . A war takes place where the Vijayanagar Empire was defeated by the collective forces of Bijapur, Ahmednagar and Gol Konda. Okay, who collectively defeated the Vijayanagar Empire? At that time, the rulers of the Tul Dynasty were ruling in Vijayanagar, whose name was Sada. Shiv Ra, always Shiv Rai, he was a puppet ruler, he was the Prime Minister type, Ali Rama Rai, he was actually ruling, Ali Rama Rai, it is okay, so he lost the battle of Talikota, it is very important, so I ask who was the last ruler, Vijayanagar. Empire's Sadashiv Rai, but if it is not in the option, then it will be in your option because you notice one thing, Arai Vid Dynasty, till now I have written 1570, look now, in 1565, by 1570, the joke is over, Arai Vid, it is still there. When it was going on , people kept walking in a small area. If they were not profound, then Shri Rangdi Third, remember, Shri Rangdi Third, this is for some time, that is the rule of the Arai Vid Dynasty. The rule of Arai Dynasty continued for some time, so Shri Rangdi Third was last and Those who were defeated in Talikota were always Shivrai, now the Baimani Kingdom starts from here, which is Bijapur, Ahmednagar, Golconda, who is this, we will know from here, then the Baimani Kingdom is formed in 1347 AD, Alauddin Behman Shah is formed in 1347 AD, Alauddin Behman Shah is this. Let's make it and where it was, keep in mind that this was our Krishna River, below it was the whole of Vijayanagar and above it was Behman i.e. they were contemporaries of each other, you have to keep this thing in mind, okay and I had told you about their capital. Their capital was Bidar, first it was Gulberg, later it was Bidar, then he asks who shifted the capital, he asks who shifted the capital from Gulberg, Vidarak will ask you, but you tell him what, tell him that Ahmed Ali Shah did it Ahmed Shah, sorry Ahmed Shah had done it Ahmed Ali Shah, ok Ahmed Shah, just remember Ahmed Ali Shah, he had shifted the capital from Gulbarga to Bidar. Ask who was the ruler here who was known as a tyrant? Knew because it was Zalim Lotion, the battery was down, wait, wait, okay, so Zalim used to apply lotion, his name was Humayun Shah, okay, this is Babar's son, not Humayun, this is another Humayun Shah, his name was Zalim and this Zalim called him Had got the title of a tyrant, this tyrant had given a title, Malik, then what had Tur given, Malik Malik, Tur asks, to whom was this title given, so this is the first thing, what does it mean, so don't say this, you will have to tell me the meaning, Mahmood Gavan. Well, I was asking what does it mean, it means Chief of Merchant, Chief of Merchant. What do you understand? Mahmood Gavan was given the title by Humayun Shah, who himself was known as Zalim during his time. What were the provinces called at the time of Bahamani? Whatever provinces were called as, provinces were called as Taraf Tarf and those who governed them were called Tarafdar. Now this Bahaman Empire got divided into five small kingdoms, their names were What was Berar, Ahmednagar, Bidar , Bijapur and Ahmednagar and Golconda, Berar, Ahmednagar, Bidar, Bijapur and Golconda got divided into five kingdoms, now out of this, Bijapur, Ahmednagar, Golconda bag together attacked KDR, meaning Tul Dynasty there, meaning Vijayanagar Empire, eliminating them. Diya, who built all this? These are the four minarets of Hyderabad. These are the four minarets of Hyderabad and this is it. Is this Gol Gumbaz? Gol is not gold, it is round. This is right, Gol Gumbaz. This is the largest dome architecture of India. This Gol Gumbaz was built by him. Adil Shah of Adil Shahi Dynasty . Where was Adil Shahi Dynasty? It was in Bijapur. Adil Shah was ruling in Bijapur. Adil Shah was the founder and was the name of Adil Shahi Dynasty. And who had built these four minarets? Quli Qutub Shah had built these where. These were the Qutb Shahi dynasty running in Golconda. They were the clear Golconda fort in Golconda, which is the Golconda Fort, the Katia of Warangal, whose feet were these. Is it okay, I have not written this, what should I have written, friend, there is no heading here. What did you write? Let's keep in mind whose feudatory were these , whose feudatory were these? Bhoj Yavan Rajpriya, I have told you both the books, okay, now let's start the Mogul dynasty from here, does anyone have any doubt till now, you are feeling something, Miss Vis has not done something like this, was this a doubt, one second above that. Do it , Riyasat is commerce, right, Riyasat is not from religion , friend, Riyasat is not from religion, one second, one second, one Nana, that's the kill, I got commerce written, it is from that that commerce is written, ok , let's start , keep one thing in mind, Aamir Khusro had written the book yesterday. Tughlaq Nama was asked in the UP Police paper. Ok Tughlaq Nama, keep in mind that book was written by Aamir Khusro. Yesterday it was asked in the UP Police paper. Well, let's start the Mughal Dynasty from here. We saw how Ibrahim the Okay one second , Babar had defeated Ibrahim Lodi. Sorry Ibrahim Lodi. Yes , Babar had defeated Ibrahim Lodi. We see some important battles of Babar first but if we read about Babar then Babar is the one. At the age of 12, he was a 12 year old child, this Babar had just taken out his beard but he was 12 years old when he sat on the throne of Fargana. It is true that he was sitting on the throne of Fargana which is in Uzbekistan but Uzbek drove him away. Get out of there, it's okay, the poor guy's heart is broken, what was his original name Zaheerul Mohammad, this is Babar, it's okay, so Zaheeruddin, keep in mind, he will be in the middle, there will be many more things, so Babar Hirudinaria, Battles of Babar, the battles that he fought. Those were the four important battles which we know like first Battle of Panipat Panipat then Battle of Khanwa first drank water then eat food then what will he do then will take some donations and collect money from people why does he have to go home he has to wear ghagra and go home ok then first Battle of Panipat 1526 1527 1528 1529 Now we have seen that he won all the others and we have seen whom he defeated in the first Battle of Panipat, so don't get it written here, first of all keep in mind that he used gun powder and Tughal formation. The Tughal formation that was used here is to attack from the middle and surround and attack from the side, then Ibrahim Lodi was defeated here. Who did he defeat here? Who did he defeat here? Rana Sanga, who was the Sisodia Rajput ruler of Mewar, was defeated in Chanderi. He took donations and took advice from Medani. He took advice from Medani Rai on whether he should go home or not. He said If you go away, he defeated the Afghans in Ghagra, it is okay, he fought four battles back to back, he died in 1530, where did he die in 1530, but his grave is found in Kabul, Afghanistan, nowadays, it was in Kabul, Afghanistan , but keep in mind, keep, keep, keep, okay. First he was not acquitted here. Okay, first he was acquitted sir. Okay, first he was not acquitted. Where was he acquitted? Keep in mind, first he was acquitted in Agra. First he was acquitted in Agra and After that , he was acquitted in Kabul. First, Agra is okay in Kabul, so it asks questions. Now come Humayun, Humayun's luck was not good till 1530, let's go Babar. His time period should be remembered. Let's go from 1500 26 to 30. Babar, now Humayun, his son came, his system was like this from 1530 to 40 and then from 1555 to 56, so where did one year go in between, we will still see that the original name of Humayun was Mirza Naseeruddin Baig Mirza Naseeruddin Baig, this means something. There were words that this will continue for a long time but in the mean time our question will be answered Mirza Naseeruddin Baig Humayun had three more brothers Askar Hindal and Kamran So the question is that in how many parts did Humayun divide his empire, one in four parts He will keep one part for himself, he will keep one part for himself and will give the remaining three parts to his brothers, then Askar Hindal's room, he divided his empire into four parts, okay, let's say Humayun is much more than Shershah Suri, Shershah Suri who was an Afghan. He was the son of an Afghan landlord who was ruling the region in Sasaram, Bihar. He had to face a lot of attacks . There were two battles with Shershah Suri. Shershah Suri vs Humayun. There were two battles and Shershah Suri won both of them. The first was the Battle of Chausa. And the second one happened Battle of Kannauj, which is known as Battle of Bili Gram, Chausa or Bili Gram, Chausa happened in 1539 AD and Kannauj happened in 1540 AD, in both of them Sher Shah Van Bhai Saheb had to flee to Iran due to the destruction of There was a dynasty, he went there and took refuge. When he took refuge, who wrote the Humayun Nama? It was written by his sister Gulbadan Begum. Gulbadan Begum wrote it. Well, was this a biography of Babar too? Yes, he had written it himself, that is, it would be an autobiography, that Tuzuk Babri. Tuzuk Babri was written in Turkish language, later it was converted into Persian. It was written by Abul Fazal during the time of Akbar under the name Babar Nama. It is called Babar Nama. Okay, now we will read about Sher Shah Suri here while giving due respect to him. Why here because he defeated Humayun, now he defeated Humayun, he built many important things like GT Road, which goes from where to where , what are Chitguppa Sarais of Bangladesh, what are Sarais, where you stay, you built Sarais, where you stay, It is okay for him, are you understanding the meaning of it? If we talk about Sher Sa Suri, he had developed a very strong administration which was adopted by Akbar and there is something else, there is something, there is mercy, his death is a cleanser. It happened in the fort, wherever I went, I will tell you every day, I will tell you in every lecture, because if I go sometimes, then you will tell me every day, right? Now keep in mind, now keep in mind to stop and keep in mind that it started another one. The rupee was ok. Rupee was the currency. What was it about the Kalinjar Fort? The fort of Kalinjar had a very thick wall. Because I had gone there, I had come back after seeing it. Brother, it was very thick and the wall was fine and that means a very good fort. But not that much has been done, that means the surrounding areas, like go down, it would seem that he has come to the tribal areas, whereas not that much has been done, okay, so it is believed that here, here, he has used granite, meaning he has used saffron to break it. And he came back near this person and fell near him and brother got injured and he died right there. Well, whoever had thrown him, right, she was fat, she came back and died right there. It happened and when Humayun came to know about this, his eyes sparkled and he came back in 1555 and he defeated his Humayun and his lion-like sons and in 1556, he came here again meaning Humayun, who has taken refuge in religion. Had established a city establishment ok and wait a second man Suri A fort was also built, I can't remember and maybe I didn't get Alai Darwaza written in Alauddin Khilji's name, I had told you about it but remember that, a special house was built by Alauddin Khilji, Alai Darwaza was built and Siri Fort was also a fort. Which fort was it, I can't remember the name. It was not a very important port, but there was some port like Chutku, ok, Port Bol Fort is ok, so it was built by Sher Sasri, so you have to keep these things in mind, in case of his death. If this means that if there had been no death in the Kalinjar Fort where I had gone to some time ago, it would have been saved and perhaps the Mughal dynasty would never have been established and it is possible that some of the Kalinjar Fort would have been destroyed wherever I went. I had gone to something else, whatever its meaning is today, it is quite old, it means fort, you must go to the place where I had just gone, okay, now let's come to Akbar, what was the original name of Akbar, so Akbar's name was Jalal sir, one second and a while. She must be coming, okay, so if we read about Akbar, what was the original name of Akbar, its name was Purana Qila, yes, Purana Qila, it was built in Sasaram, Bihar, where his grave is, okay , Sasaram, Bihar, the old fort, okay, sorry, Sasaram, the old fort was built. Tha un take my words, this old la, it was built in Delhi, now I remember the picture, ok, it was built in Delhi, come on brother, we have just gone to Kalinjar Fort, we leave from there and come to Akbar Fort, Akbar is fine. So, what was the original name of Akbar? So, his original name was Abul Fateh Jalaluddin, this is that Babar right. Jala Luddin, this is that Babar right. Now keep in mind about Akbar that this is the story of 13 years when Humayun's stairs reached the state of the library. He had died due to falling from it. Okay, this poor guy had fallen from the stairs of the library. Okay, so now our Akbar ji came at the age of 13. Okay, he fought the first battle of Second Battle of Panipat. Okay, Second Battle of Panipat. This was the second battle of Panipat, this happened in 1500, 1556, Talikota, this happened in 1565. He was 13 years old, he was very young, it is an obvious thing that he could not fight, so his forces were being led by Bairam Khan, who was his guardian. In a way, this war was Bairam Khan versus Hemu, who was leading the Afghan forces, Hemchandra Vikramaditya, so here he is defeated, Hemu's Bairam Khan wins, that is, Akbar wins and Akbar gradually grows up, sides with Bairam Khan. They say, uncle, you leave, now we will rule as per law, so this rule is settled, right now Akbar Land Revenue, first thing keep in mind whose administration did Akbar adopt, here I must have written Akbar adopted accepted or adopted not accepted adopted the administration of. Tell me quickly whose one, I had just told you that Akbar had brought the land revenue system, which is called Japati and Dahsala, during his time Navratna used to act as KDR. Whatever we had read during his time, which of the eight legends used to act, keep in mind, Tolka. PM I had told that Tamil text was Tolka PM Second Sangam is fine Telugu text I had told Amukt Malda is fine at the time of KDR So there used to be Telugu poets Ashta Dheejan At the time of KDR Navratnas were Navratnas at their time like our Chandragupta Even at the time of second, Tansen was among them, sorry I am saying Tan Sen, among them was Todarmal who was his finance minister, Dar Mal was his finance minister, so he had brought him, finance minister is fine, japati and dahasala daha sala means 10. What will be done on the basis of 10 years? How productive your land is for 10 years will be checked and your revenue will be decided according to how much you will give. Okay, so divide the land into four categories - Polaj, Fallow Chach and Barren. Okay. Polaz is the most productive form of land, it was never left fallow for one to two years, it was left fallow for three to four years and it has become barren for more than five years. This is Akbar Nama. Who wrote this Navratna Abul Fazal and not only Abul Fazal, Babar Nama was written by Turk Tuzuk Babri which was in Turkish, which was Babar's autobiography, it was converted into Pash, Babar Nama which was divided into three volumes. Volumes: The first one tells about Akbar's ancestors i.e. his ancestors, the second one tells about Akbar's reign, what happened during his time and the third one tells about his administration, what was his administration like, the third one tells about his Tells about the administration and the one who is our NA Akbari asks him which volume of NA Akbari Akbar Nama, then tell him it is the third volume, NA Akbari, the one named Thik Din Ilahi, he established a new religion, a new religion which is only Only one person adopted it, okay who was that person besides Akbar, Birbal had adopted it, it was a mixture of all the religions but could not work, there was Ibadat Khana or translation department where Akbar used to get the translation done , translate the Mahabharata. Panchatantra which Vishnu Sharma wrote, translate it, translate it all, translate it, Mahabharata asks for it, here we write it, Mahabharata feels that Babar is eating paan. Who converted Mahabharata and Ramayana, then Mahabharata. Keep in mind that the work of converting it into Persian was done by Abdul Abdul Qadir Badauri and Abul Fazal Badauri plus Abul Fazal and what was its name, Rum Nama, which was converted in Persian, was done under the title Rasm Nama and Ramayana. Whose administration was adopted by Abdul Qadir Badani ? Whose administration was adopted? What was the Mansabdari system? Just like there was unity, just like there was Amar Nayak, similarly Mansab was allotted in it, Mansab is of Mansab. It means rank, brother, the number of Jats and riders you have, Jat means army person and Savar means horse rider, you will be given rank on that basis, so the minimum rank was 10. Just asked how much is there in CHSL paper, minimum rank is 10 and The maximum went up to 10000 and the maximum was reserved for Jahangir who was his son. The Hindu ruler Man Singh was sitting on the post of 7000. Now who was this Man Singh, it was Man Singh of Amber who fought the Battle of Haldi Ghati. He led the Mughal forces in the battle of Haldi Ghati in 1976. There was a war in 1576 where there was a war against Maharana Pratap. This war was against Maharana Pratap, so who was leading the Mughal forces? Man Singh lead. He was doing fine. He was the king of Amber. He had a mansab of 7000. When did this Mansabdari system come in 1571? It came in 1570. What all did Akbar build? Akbar had developed a city named Fatehpur Sikri. Why was it that a son was not being born then one should say Salim Chisti that if he had a son, Jahangir was built in his memory in 1575. Buland Darwaza was built as an entrance to the mosque, what or who? C and Masjid, Jama Masjid is the entrance of Jama Masjid, Buland Darwaza, Buland Darwaza, it was built when they got victory in Gujarat, okay, after Gujarat victory, after Gujarat victory, they built Clear and Fatehpur Sikri, it is okay, it is there, okay, it is finished. Gaya Jahangir and another Panch Mahal were built, Panch Mahal is built right in Fatehpur Sikri, this Panch Mahal is built in Fatehpur Sikri itself, nothing is left out, it is fine with regard to Akbar, he had a wife, who is known as Jodha Bhai, who was a Kachhwa Prince, it is okay if there is a dispute. My friend, Jodha Bhai, someone says that it was Jahangir's wife, it is okay, that means she was named, what was that name, friend, what was the name given, that Muslim name, oh friend, Mariam is from that era, it is okay, Mariam, this name was given in that era. Akbar's wife was Jodha Bhai, which means he was a Hindu prince, Kachhwa of Mewar, sorry, Kachhwa ruler of Marwar, Kachhwa ruler was his daughter, it is true that Akbar was married to her and had a son from her only. Jahangir was from the same group, it is ok to read about Jahangir, Koi cheez ko kisi ka doubt toh nahi Akbar [music] and now it is 3.2 I think people will become three, I know but they should not go below three. Otherwise, brother, my morale will go down, is n't it? Admit card come, okay, Harka Bhai Harka Bhai Harka Bhai Bhai, okay, it's out, it's done, wait a little, you're not stopping at all, are you saying the opposite, The Battle of Tali. Kota, what did you say wrong? One second, one second, one second, you got it written upside down [Music] What exactly, friend, you got it written wrong, now think for yourself, you are right, Humayun died in 1555, it is okay, Humayun died in 1555, maybe it will happen in 1556 I have written Tali Kota as Tali Kota as 1556, so please correct it, I will get it corrected quickly, it is okay that someone else would have written it here, it is okay, yes, it is reversed, friend, it is okay, 1565, this is how we will remember Mayu in 1565. If he died, it would be in 1556. That's fine. Come on, let's talk about Jahangir. What was the original name, Mirza Nooruddin Baig, it's okay after this, Shahjah, after Shahjah, Aurangzeb, after Aurangzeb, Modern History, that's it, Madan is over, history is over, go home, all the fun will end, I will finish it at two o'clock, it's okay, it will take an hour, Modern History. That's right, Mirza Nooruddin, Nuruddin bag, this was it, right, yes, Mirza Nooruddin, that bag was the original name of Jahangir, he was ruling from 1605 to 1627. What happened was that his last expedition was of Akbar, that Khande was the same. Berar in South India was looking after Ahmednagar, right there, Khande had it under his control that in 1601, Jahangir revolted against Akbar, so Jahangir had to flee to Akbar, meaning in Delhi and then Jahangir. The revolt had to be curbed but Akbar died on the spot, so Jahangir married Mehru Nisa, who was the Afghan widow of an Afghan widow, and gave her the title of Noor Jahan. Okay, he had other wives like one was Jagat Gosai, Shahjahan was born from Jagat Gosai, Jahangir's son was okay, that is, Jahangir's mother was also a Hindu and Shahjahan's mother was also a Hindu, okay, his father was a Muslim, well we know that. If you have killed Sikh Guru, then which Sikh Guru did he get killed, then why did he get Guru Arjun Dev killed, who was the fifth Sikh Guru who started composing Guru Granth Sahib, because he had given shelter to him? To Khusro Khan who was rebelling against him, Jahangir's son was a rebel against this Jahangir himself, against his father, so Khusro Khan did Guru Arjun Dev ji's refuge, so he got him killed. This Dash of Mewal accepted the sanity of Who had accepted Jahangir? So it was Raja Amar Singh. Now I told you that the Battle of Khanwa took place. We fought with Rana Sanga in 1527. Babar's grandson Akbar and Rana Sanga 's grandson, his name was Maharana Pratap, so he They also did not fight a battle among themselves in Haldi Ghati, there was a constant tussle between the Sisodiya Rajput ruler of Mewar and the Mughals. So much so that Mewal had said that if any Rajput sent his daughters to the harem of the Mughals, Haram means the place where females are kept, then we will break the relation with them, okay, till now he had said that like Kachhwa Prince had said, then break the relation with him, it is Akbar, isn't it, and so it was like this, Amar Singh Accepting what is said means that Jahangir said that we will not attack you. Amar Singh ji said that it is okay that we will not attack among ourselves and will live together and divide. It is okay that both people suffer a loss due to this. William Hawking is this. Visits in 1608 and in 1615, Thomas Roe visits in 1615, right in his court, in Jahangir's court and gives him trading rights. At his time, a traveler comes, who is called Tvernier Tvernier, who is Na, he comes to India six times, comes to India six times and his book is called Travels in India, keep in mind there is a book called Travels in India, and after that comes his son Shah Jahan. If we talk about Shah Jahan, then keep one thing in mind. He had built Moti Masjid in Lahore Fort, which is the fort of Lahore, he had built Moti Masjid there. This thing is clear and if we talk about Shahjahan, then you know that he built Taj Mahal, he built Diwan Aam, Diwan Khas, Diwan Aam of Agra. Near Diwan Khas, he built the Moti Masjid for special people in Delhi. He built the Moti Masjid in Agra. He wrote about this and this in the Padshah Nama. Who wrote about this in the Padshah Nama? Abdul Hamid Lahri Abdul Hamid Lahri Thikar and a sorry at this time. Sorry T Vernier, keep in mind that it will come a little late because Tenier had gone on his time too, nay Aurangzeb, so keep in mind that Tenier will be on his time, T Vernier T Banier, who came six times, the one who wrote Travels in India, ok Travels in India He came at his time, Shah Bernier was also there, but Bernier was the court physician. Now we will see that in the court of Dara Shiko, Shahjahan himself had made the Peacock Throne in which your Kohinoor was studded. Okay, he had got the Peacock Throne made. Now Shahjahan wanted that its I have already told you which traveler, became the ruler of succession. When his health started deteriorating, Shah Jahan wanted Dara Shako, his elder son to become the ruler, but his younger son, Aurangzeb, wanted him to become the ruler. Battle of War of Succession continues in between Off Dharmat happens, Battle of Samu Garh happens in which Aurangzeb wins, 1658. If these battles happen in 1658, then Aurangzeb will now come here. You are looking at 1658, how are you reading it? Who gave him the title of Zinda Pir? Who gave it to him? Had not been found till date otherwise we would have beaten him alive. Now see his actions. Okay so it was Aurangzeb who has just arrived in 1658. He is the last last last important Mughal ruler. He is important because of the actions he did he became the cause of decline. What did the Mughals do to the entire empire? It did this that it remained at the top, that is, in North India, after that it went to South India and Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj ji was sitting in South India, so it was okay to have a direct fight with him and that was it. He was never able to distinguish, if we see then it is okay, if we read about Maratha, then this is the thing, keep in mind that Aurangzeb had written Fatwa Alamgari that everyone should follow Islam, what things should not be done, okay Fatwa Alamgari, okay I have Tan Sen. Wait a second and keep this in mind, Niccolo Mucci also came at that time, Italian traveler Niccolo Mucci, okay, there was an Italian traveler and this was Joe Bernier, Bernier Bernier, both of them came from France, so this was Joe Bernier. Dara Shiko was a physician in his court. Dara Shiko is no more, then after that he went to Aurangzeb's court. Write about Tan Sen here. In Akbar's section, write here that about Tan Sen. In the class, I had taught you that the name of Tan Sen was Mia Mia. The title was given by Akbar. Its original name was Ramtanu Pandey. Its original name was Tansen ji. Tansen ji had composed Dhrupa for the Indian God Gods and Goddesses. This was the first Raja Ramchandra who was from Gwalior. He was in his court, he belonged to Rewa or Gwalior gharana, he belonged to Rewa or Gwalior gharana, we already know all these things, what was the name of his guru, his guru's name was Swami Haridas, his original name, I have already told it. His original name was Ramtanu Pandey. Tanu Pandey is clear. If we read about Aurangzeb, then executed Sikh Guru, which Guru was he killed? Ninth Guru, Ninth Guru, Guru Teg Bahadur, Guru Teg Bahadur was killed because Islam religion was banned. They themselves were not accepting the forced conversion of Kashmiri Pandits by Aurangzeb and were opposing it, hence Mohta had pointed out that he was a religious officer and was like a brother to see that everyone was following Islam well. That you are not doing it, okay Rot, what did he write, I got it written for you, okay, this fatwa was written by Alamgir and the Treaty of Surat was signed in 1665, where he sent Raja Jai ​​Singh to go to Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, okay Chhatrapati. Go to Shivaji Maharaj and get him to sign the treaty and I mean, this was such a plan but the plan was to make him a prisoner, to call him on the pretext of a treaty, to make him a prisoner, he made him a prisoner but Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was not like that, he was released in 1676. Now we will read about him further in 1674, it is okay, in 1674, he came out and did his own coronation, was crowned in Raigarh Fort, let us also see about him, okay, so his rule was from 1658 to 1707. Now why did this become the reason because he lived in South India for almost 17 years of his life, never went back to Delhi and died here, it is true that he died here, never went back, so that was Delhi. It has become stable, it is completely fine, it has become completely stable, keep in mind that Bibi and the place where she died is called Aurangabad and the tomb of Bibi is built there in Aurangabad which is there today. Shambhaji Nagar has been done, why is it done? Let's see, that too Bibi's tomb was built by her son Azam Shane for his mother i.e. for Aurangzeb's wife. We also know it by the name of Mini Taj, it is exactly like Taj Mahal. But it did not get fame like Taj Mahal. Let's talk about Letter Mughals. Why have I made this sport? What is this? So, the wickets of Letter Mughals which are back to back. You must have seen the wickets in cricket, knock knock knock knock knock. If the wickets keep falling, then just keep falling, so we don't have to read whose wickets fell, just keep in mind. About Farooq Siyar, he used to be Syed Brother who was called King Maker, like our Donald Lu is today. In this era, the type is that Farooq is sitting on the jackal throne, okay, Syed Brothers and Syed Brothers got him killed, Syed Brothers Whoever wanted, they used to appoint him. If anyone wanted, they removed him. Now why have Syed Brothers become so powerful that they are appointing and removing only the Mughals? How come Aurangzeb stayed with us for 17 years, neither did the whole of South India go, not from their hands. Occupied , knock knock knock, vikat kere, just like this one came Mohammad Shah Rangeela, okay , just like this one came Mohammad Shah Rangeela, Mohammad Shah Rangeela was the title because Rangi was very fond of the idea, right brother, now this is Mohammad Shah who is Rangeela, on its time. Nadir Shah invaded India in 1739. Nadir Shah invaded India and looted all the Kohinoor and Peacock. That's right in 1739, so the wickets kept falling like this. What is this? This is your Char Bagh style of architecture. That's right. Who developed it, Mughals developed it, let's come up with four such gardens, okay and this is Humayun's tomb which is in Delhi, Babar's tomb in Kabul, Jahangir's in Lahore, Shahjahan and Akbar's, where is Shahjahan and Akbar's in Agra? And about Humayun, I told you, Jahangir is fine in Delhi, I repeat again Babar, Afghanistan, his son, Humayun in Delhi, Jahangir again, go back to Lahore, out of India, Jahangir's son, sorry Akbar, Akbar has forgotten Akbar's contribution to Agra, Jahangir. Jahangir's donation in Lahore, Shahjahan's in Agra and Aurangzeb 's in Aurangabad, it is okay in Maharashtra, so four bugs, your Humayun is situated in Delhi, Humayun is situated in Delhi. Boys are watching the cricket game, if the umpire is standing, then this is Humayun's room, okay, let's move ahead. Now let's see about Maratha, our gift is over, our modern history will start from here, ok now come brother, we are also going, you told us not to go below 3000, but now you guys are going, you too are going. Ok thank you for reading, One Shot of Modern History is lying there, so you can watch it from there, ok [Music] Cheez Deewane Deewane Risalat Toh Deewane Risalat, so what did I tell Deewane Risalat Minister of Foreign Affairs, you must have told me, what did I tell you ? Dewane Risalat is called foreign affairs and looks at foreign affairs and appeal etc. He is also an appeal, looks at foreign affairs. Come on, let's start with modern history, no, no, now I am leaving, okay, just read this Maratha. I will give you my one shot after that, you have already read Modern History, so you can do it, brother, if we talk about Maratha, then Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, whose founder was Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, Treaty of Purandar, I told you 1665. Another one took place in 1674 but it is not so important. In 1674, he did his coronation in the fort of Raigarh. When he came back from there, that is, after being released from jail, he had not left it. He was on his own, so he did the coronation in Raigarh. He was born in the fort of Shivneri. He was born in the fort of Shivneri. His mother's name was Shahaji Bhosale. Sorry. His father's name was Shahaji Bhosale and his mother was Bhosale. His mother's name was Jijabai. Jijabai was the right name. His teacher's name was Ramdas, who was his religious teacher. Now he defeated some people. Okay, like there will be a Battle of Pratapgarh. Okay , this is the battle of Pratapgarh. In 1659, in 1659, there was Afzal Khan in it, a Teju was being made, a lot of Adil Shahi were still telling the dynasty which was ruling in Bijapur, okay, so Adil Shah was the military commander of Adil Shah, Adil Shah had just pointed it out. To defeat Shivaji because Adil Shah felt that he was stopping the propagation of Islam. Shivaji Maharaj is a threat to the religion of Islam, hence separate appointments were made to Afzal Khan, almost double of the size of Shivaji. Shivaji would have been better than Teju. Shivaji had to become Teju. Shivaji was not only sharp in body but more than the body, he was sharp in his mind. That's what happens after being naked. Exactly, I thought the spelling might not be right but that's how it is. This is how it happens. You must have seen many of you doing it like this, so what was it? Afzal Khan called, okay, not with such an excuse, as if earlier Jai Singh had called him on appointments, so as soon as he tried to kill him, he The naked person was keeping the entire intestine, liver and pancreas inside his hand, he took out all of them, it was okay for Afzal Khan to kill him there, he had to become fast, take care like this, Shahista Khan is defeated. Shivaji knew about his actions and what he could do, that's why he had already gone with preparation and had gone wearing steel armor so that nothing would happen, as soon as he killed, the knife did not hit him and then after that The coin that was given and I just thought it was kept in the British Museum, which is also called Chor Bazaar, so maybe we have brought it now or there was talk of bringing it, maybe we might have brought it now and at their time, meaning in their court. There used to be Ashta Pradhan, okay, Ashta Pradhan is clear till now and Peshwa ship originates from here, here in Maratha, now we will see Maratha Treaty, Anglo Maratha Treaty, which we have done a separate cross section of such battles, also see in that. But if we revise it here again, first if Peshwa asks then Balaji Vishwanath's entire medieval history is over. Okay, now let's take a break for a minute or two and then finish the modern history. There 's just one more hour left. Who was saying that today there will be a game of death and it will go on till four o'clock, that's right, the same biology will also happen along with it, okay, so let's take a break of two minutes, let's start , there is no history after modern history. Yes, it's okay, then only after that the leave will not be before 3:00 pm. Yes, it will not be okay, so why are you wasting time here, what are you studying, it will be useful here, okay, you will have fun there when you will be giving the paper. So Shivangi has said it right, that's what I understand, Chauth and Sadesh Mukhi, remember two taxes, okay, here we write Chauth, which used to be a levy, Chauth Chauth means four parts, not the fourth of produce and Sardeshmukhi, Sardeshmukhi was additional levy, additional tax which would have been levied. tha additional l [music] Write ok, I said to mom, I am not going to have lunch, I said, Mom, I have a long class today, make some decent breakfast, Bo, what time should I leave, I said, I told, till 3:00, till 3:00, Boli, eat roti. Come , where will we eat bread? It will take time because I eat slowly, so I said tell the children to eat that too, you too come and eat what do you think, let's take a break of two minutes maximum. And I am thinking that we are going to eat roti vati, just a break of two minutes is the maximum, sir, if you come then I will forget which one you were talking about , okay brother, thank you, yes, let's start, then go, everyone. Come on, let's start Modern History, okay let's start, yes, it's on the 25th, my good sir, I have taken a bath, now I am wearing a dress, I have taken a bath, am wearing a dress and have also eaten food, haven't I done everything? Come on brother , let's start. Modern history is modern history. Modern history starts with Advento Pion. There are different European powers. Now we have seen the Britishers. First of all tell the names in Jahangir's court. Quickly, what were the names of both of them and the name of the two boys who came was Thomas Roe. Earlier, William Hawkins had come with a Hector ship, sorry Sa Crore, asked the question, what word Pa Crore, Sa Crore, Sa Crore, did you not see the meme, Sa Crore, that was the question, which ship had it come from, was it an Indian ship and Okay, so Advento, the first to come to India was the Portuguese, okay, the Portuguese came then, who came after this, then come the Dutch, then come the brothers, then come the English, then come the English, then come the French, then come the Danish. People from Denmark, but Danish is not that important, so even though they came first, they reached here, and C also reached last. Do you know this? Even if you don't know, you came to know. It's okay, everyone will take a deep breath because now. Here, modern history is most important for us, it is metal and modern, hence you must have seen that I have finished the entire ash mail, you see, it did not take much time, we are fine because this part is our main, it is fine, it is modern. There should not be low energy in this, now okay, the Portuguese came first, then the Dutch, then the English, then the French, and okay, now whatever is English here, the British, this powerful emerged from here, that is, whatever is there now is English from here. Powerful emerged, this means that from here the actual dominance of these people starts, one by one they side with everyone, side with the Portuguese in the Battle of Swali, this is what happens in 1600 12 and by removing them, our The first permanent factory establishment was set up in Masuli Patnam in 1608 but the permanent one. Let's set up in 1613, now the Battle of Plassey takes place. Prelude to the Battle of Plassey means why does the battle take place, what is the reason behind it, so the reason for this battle is that see, Mughals had just started becoming weak, so under the Mughals. Here you had Awadh, here you had Bengal and here you had Hyderabad, so these were three big provinces which became independent, when they became independent, the first Nawab of Bengal became the first Nawab of Bengal, Murshid Kuli Khan, okay, Murshid Kuli Khan, Murshid. Kuli Khan is fine, whose actual name was Suryanarayan Mishra but he became Murshid Kuli Khan is fine, Aurangzeb made the appointment, now gradually one more one like this, after our Ali Vardi Khan and Ali Vardi Khan, his grandson came, his name is Siraj-ud-Daula called the British and Frenchmen, come here, son, they heard that you do free trading rights here, then they say yes, what happened actually, it is about 1717, 1717 was read by Farooq Siyar, now Farooq Siyar, after Aurangzeb, it is 1717. I had issued a decree in Farooq Siyar's illness. Farooq Siyar's illness was not getting cured, so the British one cured him. Farooq sir is so happy, so happy, don't ask anything, he doesn't say, trade for free, give Rs. 000, trade comfortably, something. You do not need to pay toll, there will be no hassle, just keep trading comfortably, Siraj Siraj Daula says here, see, earlier we used to live under the Mughals , till then it was fine, now we are independent, so son Bengal. The trade free rights that you are enjoying now in Bihar and Orissa will no longer be there. Start giving them. If the British say they will not give it, it is believed that many Britishers have been locked in the dungeon. The incident of the black hole tragedy of the dungeon has become a dungeon. Now, how did it happen that in the Battle of Plassey, Robert Clive did one thing that Mir Jafar, who was the military commander of Siraj-ud-Daula, because Siraj-ud-Daula was very young? 22 2 years Okay, so he took Mir Jafar on his side and said that he will make you Nawab, help us, so he helped us, Shu Daula is against, who won, who won, Robert's Life, who was the Mughal Emperor at this time, who became the Mughal at this time? Used to be Alam Geer Di Second, who else led the British forces? Robert Life has now become Mir Jafar. Mir Jafar was not being well mannered, the meaning of manners was not being proved, so what happened was that this time the British said that Mir Qasim's son, who was his son-in-law, used to say, 'What will you become? It's okay, I will become, so it became' but Mir Qasim wanted independence completely, he did not want to live under the British, so what did he do? He formed an alliance army, formed an alliance with whom he formed a Shah Alam second, who was the Mughal ruler of that time, he was also completely troubled by him, the Mughals were also completely troubled by him and there was one here, who was one here, Suja-ud-Daula, Siraj Daula, he died in that battle. In Off Plassey, Suja Daula, he was the Nawab of Awadh, he was the Nawab of Awadh, three friends will meet, they have seen the advertisement like this, but now they have lost, the one in it is Munro, Hector Munro, who is leading the British forces. They were leading and defeated Mir Qasim. Called son Mir Qasim, come here, what act have you done? Then you are Shah Alam II, why are you an elder, you are a Mughal, you are an elder of the family, you are doing these acts. Come, let's go to Allahabad. Let's sign the treaty. The Treaty of Allahabad took place in 1765. When did these two battles take place? The Battle of Plessis took place in 1757 and the Battle of Buxar took place in 1764. The Treaty of Allahabad took place here in the next year itself. This is where the dual government starts, so I recharge it because there are chances of it running out in between, because it is one and a half GB, it will fly away, wait for one second, it's okay, wait for one second, it 's okay, I'll recharge okay. Right now I think voice and everything is coming, it must be coming once confirmed, it is okay, yes yes, I have just connected the mobile, I think there will be no problem right now, the hacked WiFi was gone, it is okay, if the children run away at 50, brother, You are a small child, don't you stop, wait, don't go for another hour, read it, read it, it 's okay, it's right now, don't leave it, everything is perfect, it's okay, so Treaty of Allahabad, I probably had reached till here, okay Treaty. Off Allahabad I think I had told you all that it was after the Battle of Buxar, when the Battle of Buxar took place, well when the Battle of Buxar took place then Later this treaty was done, Treaty of Allahabad and due to this dual government is established. Diwani function and Nizamat function come out from here and this dual government is ended. Ended by Warren Hastings. Clive starts it. It is okay. Started by Robert. Clive is right and Warren who is Hastings who is Warren Hastings and destroys him in 1772 in 1772 and this is what is known about this, what was the first Governor General of Bengal, the first Governor of Bengal was Robert Live but the first Governor General of Bengal We have studied, by the way, I am going to take a class from Alex on one act, I will upload the recorded type when all the oneshots are finished, then what happened from which act, okay Anglo Miser War Prall to the Battle, not to be seen in detail here. Anglo Masor and when and how, what happened then first, second, third and fourth because we have already seen all the wars, the first one happened from 1767 to 67 to 69, the second one happened from 1780 to 84. The third one happened between 1790 and 1790 and the fourth one happened between 1790 and 1792. Well, the fourth one could not happen because Tipu Sultan died here and it ended. It was ended by the Treaty of Madras, it was ended by the Treaty of Mangalore and it was ended by the Treaty of Sering Patam, Sering Patam is fine, here Hyder Ali was leading the Masor forces, then by the time of the second one, Hyder Ali died. Haider Ali 's son Hyder plus Tipu Sultan lead the lead, here Tipu Sultan was there and in the fourth one, what is the meaning of treaty, death happens in the fourth one, it is okay, death happens in the fourth one, so in 1799. There is no treaty, Death of Tipu Sultan is fine, Death of Tipu is fine, he is known as Sher Mysore, keep this thing in mind, Tipu Sultan, hey friend, everything is written here, friend, first and second, third and fourth are fine. Now if we look at Maratha, then the First Second Third Maratha War, if we talk about Maratha, it took place from 1775 to 1782, by which treaty it ended. I have already told you, quickly you will tell by which treaty this treaty was ended. It was a lot of fun, Sir, my exam is on 26th, I got the time, it is good, the second Anglo Maratha war was between 1803 to 1805 and the third one was between 1817 to 1818, it ended with the Treaty of Salbai, it is fine. Your Third Anglo-Maratha War ended with the Treaty of Salbai. When we talk about it, it ends from here. Some of you were also asking that Bajirao the Second was the last Peshwa. He is deported to Bithoor, Kanpur and He was the Third Anglo Maratha, sorry, he was the one who had signed a treaty in 1802 before the end of the Second Anglo Maratha War. If you remember the Treaty of Basan, the question has also come up as to who had signed the treaty from the Maratha side, then Bajirao. The second treaty of Basan was signed. Okay sir, here I have mentioned the Nawab of Bengal. Okay, if people from Awadh are asking then first write the Nawab of Awadh and Hyderabad. Write both of them. Write that of Awadh too and Hyderabad. Write 'K' also, okay, then when we talk about Awadh, this Saadatpur country is also known by the name of Asaf Ja, okay Asaf, go okay, brother, these are ours, these are ours, now let's see the Subsidiary Alliance, these are Subsidiary Lions. What is it, this is what Wellesley brings in 1798. Well, the concept was put forward by the French Governor General Dupleix, but Wellesley used it well in India in 1798, as you can see that an Indian ruler will be placed in the court and Okay and you withdraw your army. The ruler was told that if you sign, you will have to withdraw your army, we will have to keep one of our residents, one person will always be in your court and in return we will give you protection from the rest, so this was fine. So, who was the first one to accept it? Hyderabad was the first one to accept it. Well, Nizam of Hyderabad was the first one to accept it. In 1798, Mysore adopted it. In 1799, it was adopted in 1799 because Tipu had died in 1779. As for the Sultan, these people, the British, installed the Wadia dynasty there and told him that now you sign it because we installed you here and Awadh in 1801, Awadh brought a Wellesley like this in 1801. Who came up with one of our Doctrine of Lapse? Dal Houji is right. Dal Houji came up with it at the time of 1848, so who adopted it? Satara adopted it, okay? Satara Sambalpur and Jaitpur Udaipur Jhansi Nagpur All of them did this and accepted it 17 1848 Sambalpur and Jaitpur 1849 Udaipur 185233 Nagpur 184 Take care of Awadh, Awadh was called by Loews It is like a cherry This is just going to be dropped in the Britishers Mouth means it is a cherry that is about to fall into the mouth of the British and by the end of its tenor it has been proven right , so we will rule here, no buff, is it not happening, is there any lag? What is happening is that I am running it on my mobile, so there is no lag, maybe it is fine, so I took it under at the time of Dell House and what else had I read that I had made you take the class, so in the dispatch 18544, which we are using Magna Cart. Known as 'Magna Kata of Indian Education ', known as 'Magna Kata of Indian Education'. He opposed the downward filtration theory given by Malaise Minute. Keep in mind that when Malaise Minute came, it was William Bentinck. It was at the time of 1835 that the Maculay Minute came. Well, the Maculay Minute came in 1835. In 1835, and what this Maculay Minute said was that those who are at the top should teach those who are at the top and do not teach those at the bottom. Teach those at the bottom automatically and slowly. Education will be transferred slowly and gradually. He had given the downward filtration theory. It is true that he had come in the time of William Bentinck. Thomas Babbington McAuley, who was the chairman of the first Law Commission of the country, had given this theory and he called the person wrong. Woods Dispatch, which had come at the time of Dull House, had said that brother, no, in local language, education should be given to the children at the lower level in vernacular only. At the higher level, you can give English education. Okay, so Maculey Mate said. English education was promoted, this one promoted ours, that one promoted vernacular. Let's move ahead. Now we will see the movement of 1857. It happened till 186. Before the revolution of 1857, there were some small revolutions. You should know about them. Sanyasi Revolt took place. In which the Sanyasis had protested, the year does not ask, in this it asks, who had covered this in his novel, Bankim Chandra Chatterjee ji had covered this in his novel Anand Math, this in Anand Math Coverage was given to Paika rebellion which happened in 1817, it happened in 17, Jag Bandhu Vidyadhar was its leader, what was this Jag Bandhu Vidyadhar, he was the ruler of that place and Paika, the soldiers etc. who used to be under him, this happened in Orissa. When we talk about the Kuka Movement in Orissa in 1817, it happened in 1849. It was led by Baba Ram Singh or we call him Satguru Ram Singh Ji. Satguru Ram Singh was its leader, right. And which sect did they belong to? So they belonged to Namdhari sect. You should know this. Okay, Indigo Revolt also happened but it is not pre-1857, it happened in 18616 to 18590. Okay, it went on till 18590-61. So 18591 57 is very important because it was against the cultivation of indigo i.e. indigo. It was in Nadia, a district in West Bengal and who led it, it was led by Sidhu and Kanh who were two brothers from the Santhal tribe. What did they write in the lead from 'Man, I am reading this where my brain is working, but from here Santhal started in my mind. Well, if not anyone then Nadia District of West Bengal, who led it? Digambar and Vishu Biswas. Okay, Digambar and Vishnu Vishwas had led it, then he asks who gave it coverage, then keep in mind, Deen Bandhu Mitra was Deen Bandhu Mitra, so he had given it coverage in his Neel Darpan, Neel Darpan and Hindu Patriot. There was a magazine in which HC Mukherjee, HC Mukherjee, he had given coverage in it. Keep this in mind. Munda asks, this was held on 18th 1999. Birsa Munda, Birsa Munda ji, when is his birth anniversary? Please tell me where you are now. PM Modi had visited their village Ulihatu. Ulihatu village will ask you. Ulihatu village is theirs, where Modiji became the first Prime Minister. Modi ji had visited their village. Okay, and against whom was it, it was against others. Who used to be the Deeks, who were the outsiders. Outsiders, whether they were Indian landlords or Britishers, these people used to speak deek to everyone and if we talk about Santhal then this is pre-independence, pre-1857 18552, it happened 2 years before 1857, it was led by two brothers Sidhu and Kanh, our President is Draupadi Murmu ji. ours which Girish Chandra Murmu ji is the Chairman of CAG and has been appointed external auditor of ILO. He also belongs to the Santhal tribe. His birthday is on 15th November. Exactly on 15th November, now we will come and see the revolution of 1857. There were all the reasons and if we ask the immediate reason for this then the immediate reason i.e. the immediate cause was the use of grease cartridges i.e. the use of greased cartridges in which beef, cow meat, pork, pig meat were allowed to be used, regarding which the soldiers said that we Will not use it because the cat had to be taken out of the mouth, that's why our 34 Bengal Natives used to belong to the Infantry. Mangal Pandey ji used to belong to the Infantry. He shot his officer and was hanged to death on 8 April 1857, along with the rest of the people. He also refused, he was put in jail, when he was put in jail, then some of his remaining associates, who were not put in jail, they removed them and formally launched him on 10th May. When was he launched, okay, he launched him on 10th May. 1857 was launched in the 10th month of 1857. Finally, okay, there were economic reasons, okay, there were political reasons, there were military reasons, there were military reasons. I told you the immediate reasons and some of these reasons were that it was being said that you should leave India. Can be sent outside also and at that time it was believed that if you go out of India, you will lose your religion, you will loose your religion, so that is why they did not want to go, okay now we will read here that Who were the leaders? Meaning of war, who did the leaders? So the immediate reason you should know was the use of grease cartridges i.e. the use of greased cartridges and there were other reasons that they were not getting proper treatment. Those who were English soldiers were given good treatment. Those from the rest of India were getting treatment , they were not getting it, that is why we know it as Sea Poy Mutiny, we know it as Sepoy Mutiny, we know it as Sea Poy Mutton, we know it as Sepoy Mutiny, now who was leading from where? We see this , he asks you questions, sometimes is it okay and sometimes is this the important question here? Now two people come from Delhi, one is Bahadur Shah Zafar, Bahadur Shah Zafar will ask you, who is the last one. He was the Mughal ruler. He was the last Mughal ruler who was deported to Rangoon. Okay, but he was a puppet ruler. His general was leading in his place. General Bhakta Khan was General Bhakta Khan. He had become old so this way. From the rules, what would he be leading, but the soldiers were saying that now we will accept the loyalty of the Mughals and not the British, Bajirao was leading from Kanpur, the Peshwa who had told them was the adopted son of the same Peshwa and the doctrine. This was what was in the Doctrine of Lapse, this was in the Doctrine of Lapse, that if you have an adopted son then he cannot acquire your kingdom. The British were saying that we will do it, then it is okay. If we talk about Kanpur, here Nana Sahib and his After leaving, Tant or Tope is fine, Lucknow is fine. After their departure, Tant or Tope was Begum Sahiba from Lucknow. Begum Hazrat Mahal is fine. Begum Hazrat Mahal is fine. Maulvi Ahmed Ullah from Faizabad. Maulvi Ahmed Ullah from Jhansi is fine. Rani Laxmibai is fine and Kuwar Singh from Bihar. If you ask from Bareilly, then Khan Bahadur is fine. If you ask from Bareilly, Khan Bahadur asks only in matching. Okay , haven't you seen carnatic grooms? Why haven't you seen carnatic grooms? Come on, we will get carnatic grooms written as well. Okay, so this thing has happened, now who stressed from where? John Nicholson from Delhi, remember, not everyone, not from everywhere, so do it from here, Campbell from Kanpur and Lucknow stressed Colin Campbell, its name was Ghanta, remember Colin. Campbell is fine. Campbell sprayed it and strained it from Jhansi. Euros, what was its original name, its tap name was Mana Kanika. Okay, you have to keep this in mind and what were the causes of failure. Was not a nor was not an. All India Movement i.e. was confined only to North India and was limited to only soldiers and some other people, there was no common idea against which everyone was fighting, just everyone had their own reasons like Rani Lakshmi Bhai and Nana Saheb of Kanpur. Because of his Doctrine of Lapse, he had to sit on the throne, he had to restore his power, so these were small reasons, Kuwar Singh was a landlord, so due to this, everyone had their own reasons, there was no common cause, there was no All India. And there was no participation from every section of the society. What was the commentary? Who did the commentary in the revolt? So just keep in mind VD Savarkar, what was it called First War of Independence? What was it called? First War of Independence was it called? First War of Independence is correct and what did RC Majumdar say? RC Majumdar had called this. That neither is this the first independence movement, nor is it the first war, nor is it the first war of independence. He said, 'Okay, let's move forward and take care, don't get confused with one R.R.S. Dutt here. He had written the book. I had also told you in the breakfast PDF that Economic History of India is ok and Aasan Sen had said that it is a leaderless movement, it is ok that he does not ask, but it is ok to ask about the leaderless movement, VD Savarkar had said that he asks, ok, let's go sir and ma'am, at this time he Who was that means Governor General? Okay, so who was the Governor General at this time? It was Canning. Now what was the after math of this? For after math, space will have to be made here because there is no space. Keep tuck tuck tuck tuck tuck. Okay after math was that now. The East India Company was uprooted from here, the Indians did not uproot it but the British themselves uprooted it. You know, as I just told you, we will make a separate class of an Act, but still the Government of India Act 188 was passed. Due to this the East India Company was abolished. It was completely fine from here and from here it started dual control. Dual control means there used to be a board of governors and a control of director. Used to remove him from here, then what did he do? Now he told the Governor General that you yourself became the Viceroy, then who became the first Viceroy, tell me who would have become the soonest and from here a Peel Commission was constituted. It was said that you should see how many Britishers and how many Indians should be there among Indians, then Peel Commission said that brother, there should be less Indians in it, there should be more Britishers, then on its recommendation the number of Indians was included in the Indian Army. Okay, who became the first Viceroy, Canning became and a Secretary of State was created who would be a British Member of Parliament, who would be responsible for Indian Affairs and to assist him, a 15 member council was given. 15 member council 15 A council of members was given to her who would assist her on her matters and this is what we call Queen's Proclamation Queen's Proclamation Who was the queen at this time, who was the queen at this time, Queen Victoria, okay, you were Queen Victoria, you got it, but carnatic verses also like. I told, let me tell you because it was not mentioned there, aa thunk, ok, so the carnatic verse by which they uprooted the French from here, ok for the French, so there were three, the first, second and third, the first happened between 1746 to 48, the second It happened between 1749 and 54. 59. Between 59 and 59. Sorry. Between 49 and 54. Okay. And the third one happened between 1777 and 63. Okay. It ended with Axa Chapel. It ended with Axa Papal. This was the war that was going on in Austria, it started with the Austrian War of Succession, it ended with the Treaty of Pondicherry and it ended with the Treaty of Paris and this was the part of it. Battle of Vanvasi , which is called Battle of Vandi Wash, took place in 1760. It is obvious who was victorious in this battle. It is obvious that it was the British and who was leading the British forces. Eyre Coot was leading the British forces. We had read Coot. Who was beaten by Count de Lally? Who was Lally? He was a French Governor General and kept the Frenchmen together and gave only Pondicherry to them so that they can stay here, just as they told the Portuguese to stay in Goa etc. and Dadanagar Daman Haveli and Get out of here again, only then we speak Portuguese, which is the first one to come and the first one to go. They were driven out of India through Operation Vijay. When was it conducted? Let us tell you. The British had left in 1947, but the Portuguese. Had gone in 1960 when they were driven away from Goa through Operation Vijay. Different types of land revenue systems ask you like Zamindari like Ryotwadi and Mahalwadi. It asks who brought it, when did they bring it and where did they bring it. Three questions are formed. It came in 1793, it came in 1993, it came in 1820 and 1822, where it came in Bengal, Bihar, Orissa side, where it came in Madras side, where it came, it came in Punjab and NWFP and Western UP. it Who brought Corn Wali Aunty Lai Corn Wallis, who is known as the Father of Indian Civil Services? He was the only Governor General, the only Governor of Bengal, right, he was the only Governor General of Bengal, whose tomb is built in India, right in Mirzapur and Who was the only Governor General of Bengal against whom the impeachment process was conducted? When he returned to Britain, he did a lot of corruption. Here, Ryotwari was brought in by Munro and Reed and Mahalwari was brought in by Holt Mackenzie. Will it be in the option or will William Bentinck be in the option? It was Ryotwari which was based on the Ricardian theory of rent. It was based on the Ricardian theory of rent. Zamindari is known by the name of permanent settlement i.e. permanent settlement and sunset in this. The clause was that you will have to pay in full by sunset. The zamindari was hereditary here, that is, you keep depositing money to us and your child will get the zamindari rights, that child will become the zamindar. Just send us the money before sunset and do ryot here. That is, tax was collected directly from the pageants and Mahal Mahal means group of villages, that is, the money was collected from the group of villages. This thing was cleared through Mahalwadi. That was Warren Hasting who was the first Governor General of Bengal. It is clear that this much progressed from Association Form to Congress, Congress as we read about the Revolt of 1857. Now before that, we saw what things happened before the Revolt of 1857, similarly with the formation of Congress. First we read what was made, exactly which organizations East India Association 186 Who makes who makes tell this quickly 1866mhz Indian League 18753 187 Who made this and this made this Anand Mohan Bose Anand Mohan Bose and Surendranath Banerjee Surendranath Banerjee is important now. Recently it was asked, is this correct or will we keep in mind, okay, who formed the Bombay Presidential Association ? Badruddin Tayyab ji was formed in 1885. It is correct and Madras Mahajan Sabha is also formed in 184, 1800. Okay, the rest is not asked because there are very long names. That's why he doesn't ask MGP. Remember, all the three people are from South India and their first letter is M, one is G and one is P. If he asks, it will be done easily. Well, he won't ask, okay, because their name is like this. There is something M Vidya Charlu Vidya Aisa meaning is such a long and broad name Okay then M is like this G Vidya is a long and broad name So remember MGP But short is okay Indian National Congress Now let's see when the Indian National Congress was formed How was the first session? Is everything fine? Yes, but before that let us read about Dada Bhai. Okay Dada Bhai writes here and about him. East India Association was formed. So read it. Okay, this magazine was brought out by Parsi. For the community, because Rast Guftar himself belonged to the Parsi community. What is the Parsi New Year called Navras and by what other names do we know it? Please tell me by what other names do you know Navras, okay? And who is their prophet? Please celebrate this on his birthday. How do people celebrate? He belonged to the Parsi community. He was the first British Indian Member of Parliament. The first Indian British Member of Parliament was a member of the British Parliament but was an Indian. He had earlier written a book which is very important and that is Poverty or Poverty and Poverty. British Rule in India Un British Rule in India and in this book, it talks about the drain theory, how the British drained the wealth of India from here and looted it. Regarding Dada Bhai Naroji ji and what to remember is that he joined the Congress. He led three sessions of Congress, he presided over three sessions of Congress, we see the second one too, he presided over it fine and I had asked, which festival do you celebrate, so Khado two years are celebrated, Khado years are ok, Khado years are ok, also keep this in mind. About Khado Saal and some Patti speak, Navras is okay, we know it as Grand Old Man of India, okay yes, Indian National Congress was founded in 1885. Founders A.O. Hume Allen Autowin, who is the father of Indian. Orthology is called the father of ornithology in India. It is called Hum Ko. Right here there was a civil servant. When did the first session take place in 1885? 18552 But then famine came there and because of that, instead of happening there, this became your Bombay. I am right , keep in mind that the second one happened in the second session of 18864 187 and who had published this first, our Muslim President Badruddin Tayyab ji. Okay Badruddin Tayyab ji and where did this happen? This happened in Madras and the fourth one. It happened on the 14th of 1888 and Bhai Saheb, who decided it? Who was the first Britisher to preside over the session of Congress? It was the first session which was presided over by a Meman in Allahabad. If he asks you, what will you say? Keep one thing in mind, let's write, it is fine and what will you say, this is not a good place, here, no, here, let's write the national song, in which session of the Congress was it sung, when was the national anthem sung? We will tell you this okay and Annie Bess was its first female President. Keep in mind sir, the first woman President of Congress, Sarojini Naidu was the first Indian woman President of Congress who had proposed the Kanpur session of 1925. She had proposed the Kalka session of 1917. If we talk about the song, then 18960 wall theory is fine and it was given by Lala Lajpat Rai LLR, itna toh yaad rahega na LLR short ki ki kis hai I have written to Lala Lajpat Rai ji, we will see more about this too Conspiracy theory or given RP Dutt is right, RP Dutt is different from RS Dutt, who has written the Economic History of India and this was given by Gopal Krishna Gokhale. Gopal Krishna Gokhale ji had formed a Servants of India Society. In which year was it formed? Can anyone tell when it was formed? In 1905, 1905 is fine, now let's do the partition of Bengal. When does the partition of Bengal happen? This is the partition of Bengal. Spread of Movement. Okay, first of all let's write that it was announced in July, it is fine and when did it happen and what was it enforced? When was it implemented? When was it implemented in October? 16th October was the date. Bengal was called West Bengal and East Bengal. Bengal used to be this. West Bengal of today. This became West Bengal of that time and came to East Bengal. Yours If Bangladesh is fine, then this whole Bengal which is Bangladesh is Bengal, Bihar, Orissa all used to come in West Bengal only, so it was divided, who is considered responsible for this, then Curzon is considered responsible for this, who also passed the Indian Universities Bill. Okay , we will quickly tell you who passed the Arms Act, who passed the Arms Act and who passed the Vernacular Press Act. Although it was done separately in the Governor's class, but still we are doing it here, so we will definitely do it. 18788 Who had got it passed in 1878? Both of them had got it passed. Liton had got it passed. Sir, is it okay? On whose time, at the time of Ripon, and at the time of Ripon, what else happened in 1878, at the time of Ripon itself, Ilbert Bill Controversy. Which is the immediate region of formation of Congress? Those who are just coming after watching Congress, okay and one thing, the first session of Congress was attended by 72 delegates. Okay, the second one was attended by about 434 people. But he asks about the first one. The second one was done by many people. It was done by 72 delegates. Okay, 72 delegates. Come on brother, keep in mind here who had got the partition of Bengal done by Curzon? It was at the time of Ripon that the Ilbert Bill Controversy was done. It was during this time that the first Factory Act was enacted. It was during this time that the Hunter Education Commission came in 1811. Well, it was during this time that the first complete census was conducted. The first complete census was conducted in Ripon at the time of Ripon. Keep in mind that nothing happened at the time when Ripon is called the Father of Local Self Government. Okay, Father of Local Self Government is okay and at whose time was the first incomplete census done and who is called the Father of Indian Census Movement now? The movement spreads differently across different parts of India but does not reach our parts because now there is division in the Congress. Sir, you will read it now. It is okay. Gandhiji had presided over only one session, that was in 1924, which was held in Bilgaon, Karnataka. We will do that too when Swaraj Party is organized there, it's okay, let's see how the movement spreads here, now we are going to see here, people tie Rakhi to each other, okay, here one of us was Abanindranath Tagore ji. He made a portrait of Bharat Mata. Okay, what did Anindra Nath Tagore ji do? He made a portrait of Bharat Mata and here Vande Mataram. Song sung Vande Mataram Who wrote Bankim Chand Chaat ji Amar Sonar Bangla This Rabindranath Tagore created Our Golden Bengal which is today the national anthem of Bangladesh May be it is also changed It is okay at this time to tell the British that we are the British Okay, we are different, so Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company, that means we are dependent on ourselves, not dependent on you, we can do things ourselves, so Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company, Navigation Company, what is here is created by V O Chidambaram Pillai. Okay, you will keep this thing in mind here and what will you keep in mind, who led from where, if you ask, then you will keep in mind that from Pune etc., Pune came from Bombay and from Bombay, Bal Gangadhar Tilak took the lead because Bal Gangadhar Tilak wanted it. So that the movement spreads to other places also, Tilak ji created a Tilak Swaraj Fund here, collected money, organized a Ganpati Mahotsav, kept in mind who had organized the Ganpati Festival, at that time Bal Gangadhar Tilak ji did it. This question asks, Syed Haider Raza had led from Delhi, Lala Lajpat Rai from Punjab and Lala Lajpat Rai and Ajit Singh had led from Punjab, okay keep this thing in mind, now coming, two sessions of Congress were held at the same time. Important one was of Banaras in 1905 and of Congress, sorry, of Kolkata in 1906. It was led by Gopal Krishna Gokhale, who was the political guru of Gandhiji, who had formed the Servants of India Society in 1905 and published it. It was presided over by Dadabhai Naoroji. Okay, so it was presided over by Navratri Ji. As we said, three sessions of Congress were presided over and four resolutions were adopted in it. Four resolutions were adopted. It is okay. What were those four resolutions about? So there were four resolutions, one is about Swadeshi, it is okay to boycott, we have to adopt Swadeshi, we have to boycott external things, we have to have Swaraj of external things, Swaraj means one should have his own rule and here is one resolution regarding National Education. It was clear that these four resolutions were adopted in the Calcutta Session of Congress and there is nothing here. Okay, rest of the things have been seen regarding Naroji ji. Now it has become moderate versus extremist. Why is it that there is a moderate party? This was a moderate party and this was an extremist party, so the people of the moderate party were saying, keep it limited , they won't say this till Bengal, make it Pan India, they used to believe in PPP i.e. Prayer Petition and all these PPs, keep coming, that's fine. And what was this, they used to say that revolt is okay, they believed in violence or drive them away from here, they used to say that they will not run away right now, first they will have to create momentum, they will make a prayer petition in front of them, so they should not make them sad. Okay, so this way and this was limited to the middle class and their voice reached the masses, because of this they now said that we are not the same bro and in 1907 there was a split in the Congress in the Surat session in 1907. Gaya, moderates and extremists separated, who published it, Ras Bihari Ghosh participated, okay, and at the same time in 1906, a party named Muslim League is formed, okay, a party named Muslim League is formed. Where does Dhaka Bangladesh go? I had just asked in whose time the first incomplete census was done, during Mayo's time and Mayo was such a Governor General who was assassinated. Sher Afghan did it when it was Andaman Nicobar. When I went there, okay, the form was done in Dhaka and who did the form, the Nawab there was Salim Ullah, Salim Ullah and Aga Khan, they had formed it in 1906. It is clear in 1906 and that is why Muslims did not participate. In the anti-partition movement, they felt that because the British were working on the policy of divide and rule and had become successful in it, now the element of partition also ended. In 1911, the government announced that the partition which we had done We made a mistake, now we are renaming it to Bengal and now we are shifting the capital. They also announced the capital shift and they said that now we are shifting it from Delhi to Sorry Kolkata to Delhi because Delhi was. Associated with the Glory of Muslims Due to Mughals Lane Muslims have not yet been pleased, they did not enjoy much, this Delhi Darbar that took place, keep in mind that this happened at the time of Hardinge Second, the first Delhi Darbar that was held was at Layton's. The time was 187 in 1877. The announcement was made in 1911 and why was this Delhi Darbar held? Coronation was held. The new king was made a queen. There in Britain it was for the coronation. At this time King George F was made the new king. So for this It was organized, okay, clear, so now let's come here, Merle Minto from Reforms, but butt butt butt butt butt butt butt butt butt butt butt butt butt, what is happening, now let's go here, I think will come next, okay that session of ours will come next. It is okay that Congress will come in 19716 Lucknow session of Congress, we will see it there, it is okay, I am not writing it now, I thought I would have written further on this, it is okay, if we come to Morle Manto Reforms, then when we talk about Morle Manto Reforms, This was the Government of India Act of 1909, which is called the Government of India Act 1909. Why is it called Morley Minto Reform because when this Act came, when this session came, at that time Morley used to be the Secretary of State, by which Act he became the Secretary. The position of State was created, let us tell you a little and what Minto was, Minto was the Viceroy at that time, hence it was named Morley Minto Reforms. Why is this kiss so famous because for the first time he brought what is called separate electorates ? For Muslims, only Muslims can vote. Okay, and one who will be the Viceroy, he said, and one Indian, one Indian, one Indian, who is an Indian, can become a part of the Executive Council of the Viceroy and he was made the first one. Satyendra Prasad Sinha was one. Satyendranath Tagore was the first Indian who qualified the civil services exam. It is Satyendra Prasad Sinha who became a part of the Executive Council of the Viceroy and it was he who said that now there will be Indian Legislative Council and Provincial Legislative Council. Its number will be increased, it will be expanded, this is how it was said, as I am telling you again, I will do a separate class for Act, but what I am telling you about the important things is fine, even if you don't do it, your work will be fine, okay. Revolution activities take place in the meantime, like Anushilan Samiti is formed, Pramod Mitter was Jatindranath Banerjee, Barindra Kumar Ghosh, okay, so I will write on this, many Anushilan Committees are formed, but like one is formed, which is formed by Jatindranath Banerjee, okay. And Barindra Kumar Ghosh Pramod Miter makes all this. Barindra Ghosh is right. Alipur Bomb Conspiracy Case is important. Keep in mind that it happened in 1908, where in Alipur, there was a magistrate of Muzaffarpur, King's Ford, so these people attacked him. Who is Prafulla Chaki and Khurdi Ram Bose, but he escaped, okay, if nothing happened to him, Prafulla Chaki ji committed suicide and Khurdi Ram ji was hanged, Khudiram Bose, this is called Alipore Bomb Conspiracy Case, Aurobindo Ghosh ji is also in it. They were implicated but they were not proved guilty here and they were acquitted. Aurobindo Ghosh ji is fine but Praful Jaki Khudiram Bose Kingsford 1908 Alipore Fum Kasap Kisi Yeh Hai Hai Ramosi Pageant Force is made one by one, 18792 is fine, not one by one. What are the Chapekar Brothers? What do the Chapekar Brothers do here? The whore who is the Plague Commissioner of Pune is fine, he is the Plague Commissioner of Pune, so they kill him because during the time of this Plague Commissioner, there was a lot of plague there and it was spreading a lot. More so in 187 [ __ ] ji killed Chapekar, okay in 187 See more on revolution activities Mitra Mela Mitra Mela in 18999 18993 Savarkar and G. D. Savarkar and Abhinav Bharat Society It was formed in 1904 Okay Actually the Mitra Mela which was made Mitra Mela was later renamed by these people as Abhinav Bharat Society. Okay, keep in mind. Yes, Commissioner Clear was brought up in 1904. Keep in mind, it is okay Abhinav Bharat Society. This is also India Home Rule. Now you have also asked. It is okay in the recent exam, keep in mind that this is revolution activities, it is okay in abroad, if it was made in abroad then it was made in London by Shyam ji Krishna Verma, it is okay and if we talk about Berlin Committee, then when was it made, in 1900 Pa, in 1905 Indian Home If we talk about Roll Society and India House Berlin Committee, it was formed in 1915 and it was formed by Virendranath Chato Padhe Nath Chattopadhyay. It is okay that Berlin is formed in Berlin. Now comes the Gadar program. This is very important. Now it is okay to see it a little from here. Gadar program means Gadar is a party whose head quarter is San Who makes it in New San Francisco in Francisco in USA? Who makes it in Francisco in US? Lala Har Dayal Sohan Singh Bhakhan Sohan Singh Bhakhan Bhai Parmanand Barka Tulla These people make it but it will be in option Lala Harad Son Singh Bhagana Remember two names well but tell us I am brother Parmanand and Barak Tulla, there is an incident associated with them, it is called Komagata Maru Incident. This is in 18848 4 and what happens in this incident is that a ship goes from Hong Kong, then from Hong Kong to Singapore, from Singapore then it goes to Vancouver. What happens in Canada and in Vancouver, in Vancouver these people are refused to be deported, it is okay that when they come back here, there is a lot of rebellion, they take this thing, if they kill it, they kill it, then they kill it. The name of the ship is one, this is the name of the ship, it is ok and at this time, an act was passed, sorry, what am I writing, what am I writing, what am I writing, it is ok, 1914, 18848, it was made in 1913, ok. It is 1913, now after this we will take a break for a minute. The eyes are looking a bit strange. I don't know. Okay, so Kom Gata Maru 1914 and Gadar Program 1913 and Defense of India Act was passed. Defense of India Act was passed in 1915. Was in 1915 in 1915 ok came from 1915 to 1916 just wait a minute ok let's start Home Rule League India Home Rule League is different and India whatever we saw India House in 1905 Shyam ji Krishna Verma ji Another Home Rule League is different. Such a Home Rule League was formed in Ireland itself and on the same lines, two Home Rule Leagues are formed here. One is formed by our Bal Gangadhar Tilak ji when he comes out of jail after being released from jail. Yes. So, it is okay that he came from the jail of Valentine Chirology, keep one thing in mind that here I taught you moderate and extreme, who comes in this, so in this we study the trio of Lal Bal Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Vipin Chandra. Pal, if we talk about it, then our grandfather became Naroji, okay, he became Surendranath Banerjee, he became Anand Mohan Bose, okay, he became Mesh Chandra Banerjee, so the old people were of moderate type and the new people were red haired. All these people like Pal, Lala Lajpat, Bal Tilak and Vipin Chandrapal were in it, it's okay and if we talk about Balnath Tilak ji here, he is known as Lokmanya and he has some newspapers like the one which ran Maratha and Kesari is fine Maratha and Kesari are their newspapers so they had run Maratha which is fine in English language and they had run Case which was fine in Marathi language. If we talk about Home Ru Leak then they had made one whose head quarter was in Pune and the other two were fine. It was made in 1916. One was made by Annie Basant and it was Annie Basant who had said that the British who are ruling are ruling for their own benefit and not for the welfare of the people of India. Remember this statement, who made this statement? Annie Basant had said that their head quarter was in Madras, it was fine and it was built later in 1916 itself and they had more branches. About Annie Besan ji, Annie Besan was the first Indian female, meaning the first female. We have already seen that Congress President was elected in the session of 1917 and New India and Common Wheel are two of their magazines. New India and Common Wheel are two magazines. Keep in mind that Lucknow session is held. This session of Congress is held in 1916. Now This session is very important, it was announced by Ambika Charan Majumdar, it was announced by AC Majumdar, it is important because in this session itself, the session of Lucknow was held, this is the meeting of extremists and Congress. Surat 1907, when the extremists were taken back, there was a reunion of the extremists and moderates, and also keep in mind that a joint pact was presented here. What is the meaning of Joint Pact? What is the meaning of Joint Pact? Joint demand was put forward by Congress and Muslim League. Congress plus Muslim League put forward joint demand here, some of which were accepted in the Government of India Act 1919. Okay, Al Hilal, this newspaper. Who wrote it? Maulana Azad wrote Maulana Azad's book, India Wins Freedom. Do you know that we will do a separate lecture on these books and authors? India Wins Freedom and Comrade, the book written by Mohammad Ali is not that important, comrade. this little one Keep in mind and the book India vs Freedom is ok, clear, let's move ahead, ok, this is by Maulana Azad, Ali Lal, and India is a feeder, by Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad, ok, this is by Abdul Kalam Azad, who was the first education minister of our country, Montague Chal. When we talk about Food Reforms, then this Act of 1909, Government of India Act, is also known as Montague and Food Reforms because at that time Montague was the Secretary, Chams Ford Vice Roy was the Secretary, we know that from the Act of 18581, now in this Anglo Indian Christian, it was also given to all of them. It was introduced by Dyer in which provinces Durky was introduced. What is diarchy? What is diarchy? What is the meaning of diarchy in the provinces? Look, I had taught the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution. There are three types of lists in it: Union State. And it is concurrent, isn't it, that only Parliament law was made on the subjects of the Union List, only State law was made on the subjects of the State List, so it was similar that the list that was here was that list, your federal and provincial list were divided into two lists and The provincial list was divided into reserved and transferred. The subjects which were provincial were called Dyer's reserved for the Governor for whom he was not answerable at all. Some less important subjects were included in the transferred list for which he was answerable, so Dirac said that it is okay for the provinces and this is what has been introduced by cameralism in the center. There is a bicameral legislature in the center by cameralism in the center. This thing is clear now from here. Will read Emergence of Gandhi, Gandhian era starts from here, okay from 1915, oh friend, yes, it will be 1919, okay , won't you get the notes of Static GK, brother, notes of everything, where did the Kuka movement take place, Lavanya, did I tell you that it took place in Punjab? Namdhari Sect Kuka Movement took place in Punjab, keep in mind, it is okay , which dates are wrongly written behind 'G', 1916, Home Rule, 1913, Mutiny, 1915, 1914, Berlin, 1915, don't write anything, it is okay, just write 'G' behind it, 'Who ever hit 'G' behind it? I have written the date wrongly, even by one mistake, I said with my eyes, it was 1919, by mistake I have written 19. You have also written anything at the back, just tell me, I will take it out from there and then I will comment. If you have written anything then it is fine. What is written wrong , don't back up sir, why are you scared, why why are you scared, brother, let's drag them, let's drag them, let the lecture end, then start these dragged programs, drag them and make them comfortable. Emergence of Gandhi, so when did the emergence of Gandhi happen? Gandhiji was in South Africa. He had created a stir in South Africa too. Gandhiji was there too. Okay, so what did he do there? Wait a second, friend, I will check that WiFi is here. Has it not come because net is showing finished at 90? So recharge has been done. Natal Indian Congress was established. Well, when did you do it? In 18944, he developed two farms, Phoenix Farm and Toll Sta Farm. And it is here that he had run a magazine by doing Indian Opinion, he had run a magazine by doing Indian Opinion, now Gandhi is coming to India, Gandhi ji will do exactly that in India , okay, it is okay now, use 5G unlimited, okay, unlimited only. Have 5G unlimited use, let's go then Gandhi in India Champaran Satyagraha Ahmedabad and Kheda is the arrival of Gandhiji on 9 January 1915 in 1915, on that day what do we celebrate Pravasi Bharatiya Diwas or NRI Day? Ok Pravasi Bharati Diwas when Gandhi When he came back, his political guru Gopal Krishna Gokhale asked him to tour India for a bit and then asked him to enter the movement, so back to back he did three movements, Champaran, 1979, 1917 and both in 1918. This was yours. This was against the Tinkathiya system and Rajkumar Shukla ji had invited Gandhiji and here it is believed that Anusuya Sara Bhai had requested Sara Bhai because the mill workers had said that brother, withdraw our plague bonus. And the increased income he was getting gave him more meaning, Kheda Satyagraha was organized here, it was regarding the land revenue, Britishers were saying, pageants were saying, farmers were saying that this time The crop has not done well, the tax should be waived off but they were saying that it has not done well, you will have to pay the full tax, you will have to pay whatever land revenue comes, this was Kheda Satyagraha and there were other people here in which our Sardar Patel also won . Regarding Sardar Patel ji, keep in mind that in 1928, he had also participated in the Badauri Satyagraha and there he was given the title of Sardar. Here, the women who participated in this movement are the ones who are right and move forward with the Non- Cooperation Movement. Khilafat Non-cooperation Movement and Khilafat Khilafat Movement starts in 1919 which had nothing to do with India. First World War continues from 1914 to 1980. When it ends, the Turkish side loses. The British side wins. The Muslims used to sit as the Caliphate in the Turks, so they removed them and dismantled them. The British got irritated with this and the Muslims everywhere got irritated. The Muslims of India also got irritated and started the Khilafat movement here against the British. Here they started Khilafat Movement, who started it, Maulana Ali, Ali Brothers had started it, Maulana Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali, that is, Ali Brothers had started it, okay, so I understood Khilafat, now in 1919, this is what happened. A Rowlatt Act came which we know by the name of Anarch and Revolution Crimes Act. This is Anarch and Revolution Crimes Act, it comes in 199, under which under the direct rule of no appeal, no lawyer, no plea, you will be sent to jail for 2 years. If the British felt that you were involved in anti-British activities, then what would the British do? They would put you in jail for 2 years. Even if they were just aware of this, it came in 1919 because Sidney Rowlatt had brought this Act. That's why its name was read, he had made this act, so its name was read as Rowlatt Act and Gandhiji had called it Black Act. Who had said Black Act, Gandhiji had said Black Act. Okay sir, Gandhiji had said it . After the Black Act, after that, now protest against it happened, Rowlatt Satyagraha was organized in 1919 and when it was organized, two people were arrested, Saifuddin Kitchlu and Dr. Satyapal, to protest the arrest of those people, Saifuddin Kitchlu plus Dr. Satyapal. Plus for protesting ji's arrest because it was also the day of Baisakhi. On what day is Baisakhi celebrated? On what day is it celebrated? Please tell me. What was Baisakhi on 13th April? It was also the day of Baisakhi, so people gathered here together. Where in Jallianwala Bagh on April 13, 1919, General E.M. Dyer was Michael Dyer, not General E.M. Dyer, he gave instructions to open fire, many people died, but who takes revenge? Who takes revenge? Our Udham Singh, Ram Ram goes there with the name of Mohammad Singh Azad. Ram goes there with the name of Mohammad Singh Azad and he kills him but he is already dead. He kills Michael O'Dwyer and comes back after killing Michael O'Dwyer. The time was here in India and I was praising the deeds of EM Dyer. Now we celebrate the day of Baisakhi, the day Guru Gobind Singh Ji established the Khalsa Panth and Hola Mohalla is fine on the day of Holi and Sikhism at the time of Diwali. If you tell us which festival do people celebrate, then this thing became clear to you, Jaliwala Bagh. Now the after math was that Gandhiji had given back his title, please tell which one and Rabindranath Tagore ji had given back which title. Rabindranath Tagore ji had given it and Gandhi ji had returned the title of Kesare Hind which he had acquired at the time of Bor vars. At the time of Bor vars, he returned his knighthood. He had received this title. It was given by the British at the time of Borrows and the title of knighthood was returned by Rabindranath Tagore ji and now Gandhi ji saw this right opportunity. Okay, let's see what is that Gurdwara Reform Movement. So, some corruption of our Gurudwara. Mahants were corrupt. Mahants were the people. They gave the title of Sikh to this Dyer. Okay, they gave the title of Sikh. They were corrupt, so the Reform Movement was launched against them by this Guru in 1919. Drive them away from here. These people were here during the time of 1919 and 1920. You see, Dyer did such a dirty thing and those who are sitting here in the Sikh Gurudwara are giving him the title of Sikh, so remove him as soon as possible, this work was done Khilafat issue, I told you non-cooperation movement. Non-cooperation movement in 1920 Now see the complete chronology, understand what happens in 1919. A Rowlatt Act comes which we call the Narcoal and Revolution Crimes Act. In 1919, the Black Act said Gandhiji will be jailed for two years if you do any anti-social act . British activity organized Satyagraha, Gandhiji created All India Movement against it, but people gathered to protest the arrest of Saifuddin Kuchali and Dr. Satyapal and to celebrate Baisakhi and EM Dyer carried out the Jaliwala Bagh massacre. Gandhiji saw this as the right opportunity to launch an All India type movement and merge it with Khilafat, so that if a Hindu-Muslim unity emerges from here, then in 1920 we would have lunched it. Now let's look at the spread of the movement that this movement is ok and I think the notes of Static GK have come, let's see if they are ok then let's get them uploaded. Ok so this is what came from sir. Who had given it to Aroor Singh? He had given it. Aroor Singh was one. He was the one who had given the title of Sikh. It is okay for Dyer. Let us now see the spread of the movement and this thing which is the non-cooperation movement, which session of the Congress is this? Look, it was approved in the Kolka session which was held in 1920, but in 1920 itself, there was another session which was held in Nagpur, in the session held in Nagpur, it was endorsed that Brother , okay, we will latch it, okay, this is the thing, now how is the spread, this movement, the spread is in such a way that the movement of A starts at this time itself, keep in mind that in UP, Malabar Arising also starts at this time only. Malabar is where the Malabar region falls, I had taught you in Geography, please tell me quickly, yes, where is the Malabar Uprising, which is also known as the Mappala Uprising, a movement in 1921 in UP, Uttar Pradesh and Mala Bar. Up rising, this is very important, remember this, this also happens at the time of 192122, this happens in Malabar Kerala, against whom was this, it was against the Hindu landlord, this is right, this is your Malabar Coast, so this Malabar rising happened here, right. It had started becoming Hindu versus Muslim gradually because there were Muslim pageants and Hindus were landlords, hence Gandhiji backed out from here because it had become Hindu versus Muslim whereas the entire non-cooperation movement was based on the theory of Hindu plus Muslim. Now something like this happened here in Gorakhpur, there was a village in Gorakhpur called Chauri Chaura. Here on 4th February, such an incident happened that Gandhiji had to withdraw this entire movement. An incident happened on 4th February 1922 where the policemen were taken alive. A police station was burnt down. Who all did Gandhiji burn? The people who were protesting, Gandhiji canceled the non-cooperation movement citing violence and said from here that we have to do this duty. If he was responsible then he was put in jail and from here now it was withdrawn. Because of the violence in the non-cooperation movement, now Swaras's table has happened from here and one thing came out from here brother and that was and that was that now Gandhiji went to jail, so now what were the things we were doing, we were boycotting things and there was also Boycott of Council in it that we would not take entry in the Council, would not contest elections and would not go to the Council. Now we were in a lot of doubt about whether to continue it or not, what to do, then one section said that do not make any changes now, let it continue as it is, that is, if we do not keep the boycott count now, then no to them. Changers were said to be okay and those who said no, now we should take entry and contest the elections were called Pro Changers. Gandhiji was initially against Pro Changers when he was in jail but later he agreed that it is okay. Okay, okay, so in a way there was a division, again there was a division in the Congress, on the 23rd of 1922, let's understand the chronology, in 1922, Chauri Chaura happened, in 1923, this incident is happening that the session happened, the convention happened. In Congress, these two people said that we are not the same bro, but but but there was no division in Congress like Surat, between moderates and extremists, here both these people were still working together. Pro Changers have formed their own Swaraj Party or we call it All. India Khilafat Swaraj Party is fine, we call it that, who were its founders, keep in mind that the founder was important, CR Das became its first President and Motilal Nehru was its first President, this party has become fine and Ajmal Khan is also a pro changer. He was on the side, if you ever ask then it is fine but he was the President, he was the Secretary and he used to serve tea or drink on the side, Ajmal Khan is fine and after this there was a division in Swarajist also, it is fine Responsives' vision but this fact is not that important. Ok Responsivists, but this is not that important. No changer. What were those people doing? These people were contesting elections for the council and their target was that either we will end and mend the council or we will abolish the council. Will they give it or will they bring some changes in it? They will do something or the other. What were the changes doing? This constructive work which was going on earlier, building ashrams, building schools and colleges, all this work, these change people were just performing, what is happening now? CPI party is also formed in 1920. Same time is going on. Who forms this party in 1920? Man Indranath Roy forms this party, MN Roy and formalizes it. They come to Kanpur in 1925 and say that GK is being studied there. Parmar Ser is teaching so let's formalize it, it is formalized in Kanpur in 1925 but it is formed in 1920, it is formed in Tashkent Uzbekistan, it is formed in Tashkent Uzbekistan and AITUC All India Trade Union Congress is also formed in 1920 Who founded it, Diwan Chaman Lal was also one, but the main people who were in it were Narayan Malar Joshi, Narayan Malhara, okay Narayan Malhara Joshi, these main men were its founders and Lala Lajpat Rai was also in it. LLR If you keep in mind, then when AITUC If we talk about Narayan Mal Joshi, Lala Lajpat Rai and Diwan Chavan Lal in 1920 and Kanpur Bal Shavi Conspiracy Case in 1924, who was involved in it, Shaukat Usmani Nalini Gupta, okay, remember the names of Shaukat Usmani and Nalini Gupta and remember the year. In 1924, now different caste movements are also going on, at this time you understand the caste movement, that is, the self-respect movement that is going on regarding caste, it is going on in South India, who runs EV in 1900 24? Rama Swami Nakar runs it in 1924. We will talk about Justice Party, it was formed in 1925 and Mahad Satyagraha in 1927. Who starts it in 1927? BR Bhimrao Ambedkar ji starts it. Bhimrao Ambedkar also starts his own temple entry movement. In 1930, 19, from which temple? Let's start, let me tell you multiple times, okay, so keep in mind that Self Respect Movement was formed in 1924, Justice Party was formed in 1925, Great Satyagraha in 1927 and Temple Entry Movement is Kalaram Temple of Nashik , HRA Hindustan Republican Association starts from there. Hindustan, well, tell me one thing, let's see further, okay, so HRA Hindustan Republican Association, when was it formed and who made it, so who made it in 1924, who made it, then who made it, we are talking about the array, so it is called Sachin Sanyal, Sachin Sanyal and Ram Prasad Bismil Ram Prasad Bismil Roshan Singh, all these people make it where in Kanpur and these people carry out an incident in the year 1925, you are seeing all in the chronology, after 1924, 1925 these people carried out where Kakori which is There is a place near Lucknow, there a train in which Asla was going to Army was looted, okay, so keep in mind who were evolved, the people of the fodder were evolved like Roshan Singh would be evolved, Ram Prasad Bismil ji would be evolved. Rajendra Lahiri must be evolved, ok Rajendra Lahiri, all these people were evolved, Acharya people only, that is, when did the incident happen, the chronology should be set in mind, then after this in 1925, some people escaped, some people were sentenced to death . HSR was made in 1925, meaning it was modified a little bit. Hindustan Socialist, that was Hindustan Republican Association, this Hindustan Socialist Republican Association, who made it, who made it, Chandrashekhar Azad is fine, plus Bhagat Singh plus Rajguru Thapar ji is fine. Rajguru Sukhdev Thapar evolves in this. Now what does this party do in its formation, does it take individual heroic actions like Saunders is murdered? Who was Saunders? So, in actual Simon Commission, now we will see that Simon Commission had come to India. the commission was his Lala Lajpat Rai ji was protesting, when he was protesting, there was one James Scott, he murdered him with lathi charge, then Bhagat Singh wanted to kill him, but Saunders died by mistake, then his mother-in-law was murdered in 1928. Precisely in 1928 and because of which we also know it as Lahore Conspiracy Case, Lahore Conspiracy Case and because of this very thing, Bhagat Singh Sukhdev and Guru ji are sentenced to death when on 23 March 1931, the day we were martyred. These people celebrate the day Ma Tyas These people throw bombs in CL That is the Central Legislative Assembly These bombs are thrown in CL In 1929 In 1929 Why should the Public Pluck Safety Bill not be passed against which bill came in 1928 This bomb is thrown against that The bomb was thrown there not to kill anyone, to make the deaf hear, the British became deaf so that they could hear what their voice was, that is why the bomb was thrown there only not to kill anyone, it was not a dangerous bomb, so it is okay, Saunders Key murder and bomb in cel happens after this, keep watching the chronology 1924 HRA formed 1925 Chit Gang Amri Sorry Kori Train Robbery happened 1928 8 Must have been written in 1928, I must have written it in 1928 Oh man, 1925 Is it okay after 4 years in 1928 And in 1928 So there is no date, okay in 1928, Hindustan Socialist Republican Association is formed in 1928, after 4 years and after that, in 1928, Saunders is assassinated and a bomb is thrown in the Central Legislative Assembly, okay yes. Yes, clear to make the day. Now let's come to Chigam Red Chit. Where does Chit Gang fall? Chit Gang falls in today's Bangladesh. It is called Chit Gaon. This is 1930. The incident happens in 1930. If it is okay then look at the incidents till 1929. The hanging takes place in 1930. It happened in 1931 on 23rd March, the leader in it was Surya Sen, who is known as Master Da because he was a teacher there, so Chit Gang's Army was Arm, which means the place where the weapon is kept. These people attacked and this is important because there was a lot of participation of females here like Preeti became Lata Vadde Dar, okay Sunita became Chanri, Bina Ghosh, I can't remember one more name so all these people were evolved, Preeti. Lata Vadde Dar Sunita Ghosh Bina Suni Sunita Dairy Bina Ghosh These people were helping Surya Sen ji in 1930 and after that they were also hanged. Who has written this book Philosophy of Bomb, so keep in mind who wrote it. Tell me quickly and who formed this Sabha? So this book was written by Bhagwati Charan Vohra ji and Punjab Naujawan Bharat Sabha was formed by Bhagat Singh ji in 1926 1927. Okay, so Bhagat Singh ji formed Punjab Naujawan Bharat Sabha. Now to Simon. India calls Simon, why did he come to India, so in 1919 we have just read that the Government of India Act came, which we know as Montague Chillford Reforms . Okay, so one second someone got a call, wait one second, then Montag, wait one second. Okay, we know it by the name of Montague Chal Fud Reforms and there was a provision in it, the provision was that after 10 years a commission will sit. Okay, no one, after 10 years a commission will sit and a commission will see how Montag Chal for Reforms. Whatever happened in it, was it actually executed or not? So the commission was formed only after 9 years, not 10 years. It came to India in 1928 and it was strongly opposed as per law because it had seven members. In this, all the white people were Englishmen, brother, he is coming to do good for the Indians and he is not an Indian, so slogans of Simon Go Back were raised and during this time, our Lala Lajpat Rai ji is murdered with lathi charge, death is the response to this. But what happened in response was that under the chairmanship of Motilal Nehru, the Congressmen formed a committee. Under the chairmanship of Motilal Nehru, the Congressmen formed a committee and it presented the Nehru Report and after seeing it , Jinnah gave his 14 points to the Congressmen. Jinnah gave 14 points in a hurry and said that we will also give, we will also give 14 points, Jinnah gave 14 points, response to Simon Commission is ok, so when does the Nehru Report come in 1928, in whose name does the Nehru Report come, it is Motilal Neh Was he the chairman of the committee which presented this report? Now we come to our next important revolt that is CDM Civil Disobedience Movement i.e. Civil Disobedience Movement or Savina Vagya Movement. Is this Irwin Declaration? Actually, a declaration of Irwin. Comes in 1929 and with it Delhi Manifesto of 1929 Congress presents that it is not that important, just keep in mind when it comes, okay, what happened is that Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash Chandra Bose ji people were saying that friend, we should keep demanding Purna Swaraj, enough is enough, okay, Congress people were saying. No friend, now let's give them some time, let's give them time, if they don't do it, then let's see, now they demand dominant status, then these people said to Irwin, Gandhi people, Congress people, look friend, it is like this, accept the demand. He says go friend, you won't agree, it's okay, Congress people have thrown an ultimatum, it's okay by making Delhi manifesto, that too is very mean, Irwin took it lightly, now Congress people were not taking it lightly, now Congress people have become serious, then Lahore session was held, Congress. In 1929, this session is held which is presided over by Jawaharlal Nehru. Now it was said that now our goal will be complete Swaraj. Remember Swaraj was adopted there in Kolkata session 1906. This is Purna Swaraj Complete Independence now Dominant Status Dominant Status Will not play, okay dominant status means that the rule will be in the name of the British but the government will be of the Indians, the government will be of the Indians, they will run it but the name will be in their name but now they did not say no, leave the dominance now, now we will get complete Swaraj. If this goal was declared, firstly, secondly, the Lahore Session of the Congress was held here on January 26, 1930, it was said that we will celebrate our first Independence Day and thirdly, the flag was hoisted on the banks of the Ravi River here. That is, the flag has been hoisted, yes, okay, this thing you have to keep in mind, the clear goal will be complete Swaraj and and the last and the very important thing that we are now going to launch the CDM here, we will launch the CDM and This is the fifth point which will boycott the first RTC Round Table Conference. Round Table Conference was going to be held at the end of the year in 1930 in London. These people told him that they will boycott it and from here Gandhiji's Dandi March started with which When the civil disobedience movement started, what did Gandhiji do? When did he take out the march from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi March? When did he take out it? Well, on 12th March. This march continued from 12th March to 6th April. So how many days have passed, please tell me quickly and with 78 people and 78 daily guts, they took out this march and they violated the salt law by saying that salt was against the law because salt was in everyone's use, hence salt. It was a common thing, so it is okay, so the Dandi March starts from here in this way. Now the Dandi March, it spread in the areas where there were Ryotwaris, everyone said this, I told you about the Ricardian Theory of Rent of Ryots. If it was based then I must have told you then everyone here said don't pay taxes, we will not pay taxes, non payment of taxes no one will pay taxes here, in the zamindari areas it was said no chowkidar tax campaign then chowkidar. If tax was levied there then Chowkidar would not pay the tax. No Chowkidar Tax campaign was implemented there. In Central Province CP it was said that we will define forest loss or we will violet them. Forest loss is okay, we will wallow in forest loss. Will not follow them, right now how it spread on CDM and different places, like who led in Tamil Nadu, C Raj Gopala ji led in Tamil Nadu, C Raj Gopalachari, who led in Malabar, K Kelappan of Malabar, who led Viacom Satyagraha . He and TP Keshav had also been a main leader of the Temple Entry Movement. If it is fine in South India, they had also run Vaikam Satyagraha in the Malabar region. It is fine on the lines of Gandhiji's Satyagraha. And in Orissa, take care. Gopal Gopal Bandhu ji. Gopal Bandhu Chaudhary was late, Ambika Kant Sinha in Bihar Ambika Kant Sinha had chosen Nakas Panda as the site that we will do salt lesson in Nakas Panda, Bihar is a coastal state otherwise salt is not available here, so the name means one. He had done that, what do you call him, what do you call him, what do you call him, meaning of the name Yaar, he had completed the formalities, okay, in Dharsana, Sarojini Naidu, who was the first woman president of Congress, and at the same time, we have to keep this thing in mind that at the same time, we also have to keep this in mind. Keep in mind that this Congress means the first lady of India. The Governor was also from Peshawar and one more thing I forgot to mention was the session of the Congress held in 1924. This session of the Indian National Congress was held in Belgaum Karnataka. It was held in Belgaum Karnataka and it was the only session. Prisa Idedo Sided By Gandhiji, okay, if we talk about Peshawar, it is very important. Peshawar will either come in writing or NWFP will come in writing. In this, you have to keep in mind that Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan had led it, Ghaffar Khan had led them. We know him by the name of Frontier Gandhi or Seemant Gandhi. Frontier Gandhi or Seemant Gandhi is spoken in Hindi because here he started the Red Shirt Movement and Red Kurti Movement. Well, the Red Shirt Movement formed its own association which is called Khudai Khidmatgar. An association was formed, Khudai Khidmatgar and Rani Gai Din Leave in Manipur and Nagaland, they remained in jail till the independence of India, when they were freed, they were taken out, okay, the thing is clear and mobilization, Prabhat Pheri, Vanar Sena, Manjari Sena, all this. They were organized and organized, in this way the masses were mobilized, Gandhi Irwin Pact, which is known as Delhi Pact, was signed in 1931. See, Lahore session was held in 1929, CDM was launched in 1930 and Irwin Pact was launched in 1931. Now I have bowed down, the world is bowing down, they say, the world is not bowing down, we need someone to bend it, so Irwin has also bowed down, sorry, Gandhiji has bowed down, Congress has bowed down, now Irwin has just bowed down, Irwin says, okay, let's come, let's resolve, so Gandhiji is here. What are Irwin Pacts? What is a Pact? Gandhiji says, 'Okay'. Even Gandhiji agrees, 'Okay, we will suspend the CDM and will participate in the next RTC Round Table Conference. The first one which is going to be the second one is over.' When I went there, these people did not go, then there was pressure on Irwin, or Irwin, what are you doing, friend, call them too, the same Congress party is not coming, then how will it work, then you will see the condition of my thumb right now, you are completely digested, okay? So this is it and what did Irwin believe? What did Irwin believe? When Gandhiji spoke something, Gandhiji said that those whose properties have been acquired and seized, their properties should be returned to them. Plus, it is an attempt to make people angry. One should get the right to manufacture salt for personal use. Gandhiji also said that wherever the police had access, an inquiry should be held, which Ravin refused and Gandhiji said that it is said that Gandhiji said. Ji said that Bhagat Singh Sukhdev Rajguru ji should be hanged and Ravin did not agree that it was said so but some people say no Gandhi ji had not said so, well Karachi resolution is like what happened in Karachi in 1931 after Lahore session. Its President is Sardar Patel who presides over it, what happens in the convention, Gandhi Irwin Pact which is called Delhi Delhi Pact, it is endorsed, endorsed means yes, all the people of Congress put a stamp on it. That it is okay, we endorse it by making a Gandhi Win Pact, plus two resolutions were adopted, and what were the two resolutions taken about? Firstly, fundamental rights are okay and from here somewhere the origin of DPSP also lies in the Karachi Resolution. From the same thing, take the economic policy and keep in mind what else happens here and yes, the meaning of Purna Swaraj is told first of all, then the goal of Purna Swaraj is called this, iterated, iterated means that its meaning is told first of all. Gone what would this mean for the masses, now when we read the round table conferences, there are three in total, like I told you, these people did not participate in the first one, there is the second one and the third one, where are all three, where are all three. The first one is in London in 1930, the second one is in 1930, the second one is in 1931 and the third one is in 1932. Only RTC in which Congress participated and who led the Congress here, we led the Congress. Gandhiji was the only RTC in which Gandhi means Congress or Gandhiji participated. When Gandhiji came back, their demand was not accepted. The demand was 'Purna Swaraj' is fine and these people did not agree, then when they came back. When Gandhiji returned here, he was again put in jail and Yerwada jail was closed in Pune because he was about to launch civil disobedience movement again. Ambedkar ji had participated in all the three RTCs. Well, Ambedkar ji participated in all the RTCs, so he had come there with the demand to do something for the Dalits. Do something for them, the Prime Minister at that time was Ramsay Macdonald, okay, so Ramsay Macdonald announced that okay, here we give separate electorate, that separate electorate which was started for the first time in 1909, so that separate electorate for Muslims. Now we give it to whom Dalits are okay, this is given to the depressed classes, this is called Commune Award, this is what is called Commune Award, and this is the thing which Gandhiji did not like, okay, when will we get the freedom class? The day India gets freedom, as soon as India gets freedom, you will also get freedom from class. Okay, let's announce depresso but Gandhiji gets angry and goes to fast and death in Yerwada. Yerwada Jail in Pune, Puna Pact is signed between Gandhiji and Ambedkar Ji, Gandhiji speaks at the place, Ambedkar ji speaks at the place, Gandhiji speaks at the place, there is no place for him to speak, he speaks at the place and if there is no place, then finally what Among them, there is one through which the communal award i.e. the septate electorate is returned, it is cancelled, the seats reserved for the depressed classes are increased, they are extended, this pact of Gandhiji and Ambedkarji. There is a sign in the middle of ' Harijan' in Yerwada Jail, Pune. Okay, you should know that in Yerwada Jail Pune, there were some differences between Gandhi ji and Ambedkar ji's Dolaji, like it was he who coined the word 'Harijan' due to which Ambedkar ji used to get irritated that Just keeping the name will not make you people of Hari, they started a weekly named Harijan, Harijan Sevak Sangh is fine, Harijan Hajak Harijan Sevak Sangh, when did Gandhiji create it in 32 1932, this is what they call Anti Untouchability League, Anti Untouchability League and Where did Gandhiji start Indian Opinion? Indian Opinion was started in South Africa and remember one more of Gandhiji, Young India. Ok, remember one more of Gandhiji, Young India, this is also of Gandhiji, of Ambedkar ji. When we If we talk about him, he had started the Scheduled Caste Federation. Write the names of his autobiography and books in the comments quickly. Scheduled Caste Federation 1942 in 1942 and Bahishkrit Hit Karni Sabha, when was Hit Karni Sabha formed in 1924, 19204. Okay, now an act has come. Read this of 1935 and after that we have come to the end because after this only Quit India Movement has to be done, Quit India Movement and it is over, everything is fine yes Mook Nayak, remember, he had started Mook Nayak, Mukh Nayak and Waiting for a Visa. This will be discussed in the book chapter on 'Annilation of Caste', ' Waiting for a Visa', 'Annilation of Caste' is not Buddha and His Dhamma, these are some writings of Ambedkar ji. Okay, let's move ahead, then this Act is the complete opposite of the Act of 1919 which we have adopted in the Constitution of India. When I studied Polity, I read in the Sources of Opinion that the structural part of the Constitution of India, that is, the structural framework, has been taken from the Government of India Act 1935. I told you this and I also told this. That most of what is part of our Constitution, we have taken it from this Act and the one of 1919 is just the opposite, the one of 1919 had brought Dyer's key from the provinces, where did it bring Dyer's key to the center and what did it do by abolishing it? Abolished Dyer in these provinces i.e. everything was reversed. The Act of 1919, the Montague Challe Fud Reform, brought it by cameralism at the Centre. It brought less in the provinces, not in all the provinces. It brought it in six out of 11 provinces. It brought an All India Federation is fine. They talked about forming an All India Federation, which could not be included in the Asistancia Provinces Agri. Okay, so these three-four things have to be kept in mind from the Act of 1935 and it also abolished the post of Secretary of State. Now from here, sorry, the councils which were there were five, they were abolished by the Secretary of State, they will be abolished in 1947, okay, the council of 15 members was abolished here, okay, clearly, the Dirac Center was abolished. Dyer's Didi By Kazam Laya Talks About All India Federation Stamp In Provinces Election End Performance of Congress, elections are held. There was a provision for elections in the Act of 1935, so elections are held in 1937. Congress gets the majority here. Keep this in mind. Congress gets the majority here. When were the elections held? They were held in 1937. It happened in 1937, now here, sorry, it happened in the time of 1937. Okay, brother, let's come now. There was some ruckus in the Congress in Haripura and Tripuri session. There was such a ruckus, Haripuri falls in Gujarat, it is in Tripuri MP. Which was the session of Congress, in which Subhash Chandra Bose ji is elected the President of Congress. Gandhi ji was unhappy with his working. Elections are held again in Tripuri, this time again Subhash Chandra Bose ji wins but something happens to Sita too. Ramaiya, who was there, is made to stand on behalf of Gandhiji. Gandhiji shows support to him and says that his defeat will be my defeat, so vote for him, but Boseji won. If Gandhiji lost, then how did Gandhiji take this as his personal defeat? When Ambedkar Bose ji saw that all this is happening because of us, he resigned from Congress. It is okay to resign from Congress. After the Tripuri session, Bose resigned and he formed his own party, which we call All India Forward. To form his own Bloc Party, he had formed it in 1939 with the Congress and also a National Planning Committee. I have taught you that the National Planning Committee was formed in 1938. It was formed by Bose ji but its first chairman was Nehru. Exactly when does the Second World War start? In 1939 and it continued till 1945. At that time Lilith Go was the Viceroy of India. Without asking the Indians, without even asking the Congress, she said that the Indians are with the British. In this Second World War with Britain, Congress said, 'Brother, from where should I ask anyone? Congress has resigned in protest, okay, it has resigned, it is okay in protest, from where, I have resigned from the ministry, why did I resign? I gave you the logic. Told that it is okay, now the Indians here were not supporting the British, so for this the support of the British was put on the Viceroy to get the support of the Indians. Pressure was put on the Viceroy from the British Government that if you take support then the August offer was sent there. From 1940 that in this way they will give you Dominion status and in the Viceroy's Executive Council there will be a majority of Indians and except the Commander in Chief and the Viceroy, there will be all Indians in the Viceroy's Executive Council. This is correct. But this was rejected and in response to this, Individual Satyagraha was launched. Who was the first Individual Satyagraha? Individual Satyagraha means individual Satyagraha. If it is okay then what is Acharya Acharya? Acharya Vinoba Bhave was the first Individual Satyagraha and the second one was Jawaharlal Nehru and it was said that If the British will not catch us then we will start the Delhi Chalo Movement from here itself, so keep this in mind that in response to the August offer comes the individual. Now comes the Cripps Mission. In 1942, Stafford Cripps brings this. Who Stafford Cripps brings this and when? When he comes in 1942, he talks about giving Dominion Status. I have explained the meaning of Dominant Status and now the goal was that Congress had complete independence. Dominant Status was dead as door nail. Now I had to tell Congress that Dominant Status was dead as door nail. It is dead, they rejected it and after rejecting it, just as they rejected the August offer and launched Individual Satyagraha, similarly by rejecting it, they launched the Quit India Movement in 1942, in which Gandhiji gave the slogan Do and Dies. Keep in mind some slogans like Delhi Chalo Delhi Chalo, it is done, you give me blood, I will give you freedom, i.e. Give me blood, I will give you freedom, okay, who gave all this and Jai Hind, who gave all this , tell me quickly. All were given by Subhash Chandra Bose, whose political guru was Chittaranjan Das ji. Now this Quit India Movement has lunch here, parallel government is set up here, like one in Tamil Nadu, one in Satara, one in Ballia. The setup is done by Chitu Pandey Ji, Chitu Pandey, whatever is there in Satara is fine, per government comes and in Tamluk, Jatiya Sarkar comes in Tamal, where is the government in Maharashtra, sorry, Satara, Tamal Jatiya Government comes in Taml, yours is fine in West Bengal. It is in West Bengal and it comes in your Maharashtra, right Ballia, so do you know which Ballia village is the village of Ballia, Uttar Pradesh, in which Panchayat movie has been made? CR formula comes, okay, so what happens is that on the first day in the Quit India Movement. If everyone is arrested then it becomes a leaderless movement. Now you must have heard that in Delhi a library was flooded, some children died unfortunately and some of our coaching people were saying that even the Quit India Movement is leaderless. The movement was like this, you may have heard that some coaching founders said this, brother, this was a leaderless movement because here because the leaders were arrested here, it is not that they did not want to participate, okay, so they participated. So they wanted to do this, they were put in jail, okay, so at this time, keep in mind that Usha Mehta ji had run the underground radio, Usha Mehta ji had run the underground radio, okay now let 's come to the CR formula, what is this in 1944? Actually, this is the formula, it is C.R. Rajagopalachari. It was C.R. Rajagopalachari's formula that how to sign a pact between Congress and Muslim League. This was done to reduce the distance between Congress and Muslim League but it did not work, Liaquat. Desai is the Prime Minister of Pakistan, first of all, Liaquat Ali Khan is fine, Liaquat Ali Khan and Bhoola Bhai Desai, Liaquat Ali Khan and Bhoola Bhai Desai, they brought this pact, it also did not work, he did not ask all this, but remember, what was this, Congress and This was to remove distance from the Muslim League. It is true that Wavell Plan 1945 came to discuss it. There was a Shimla Agreement or Shimla Conference to discuss it. Not the Shimla Conference. All the people of Congress and Muslim League were in jail. Gandhiji. Ndhi ji, all of them were taken out and called in Shimla, let's meet in Shimla, let's discuss, wave plan has also failed, okay, so keep in mind Shimla Shimla Conference, this wavel used to be the voice at that time, so he had brought the wave plan, so he Everyone was released from jail to discuss, so this is what happened here, okay, one second Lini, where are we okay, there is no doubt till now, it is over, that's it, okay, let's get the trial done, Carbonite Mission, just two more minutes. What is left is okay, if we talk about the trials then the Indian National Army trials were held in 1942. What can we say about the Indian National Army in 1942? The Indian National Army was formed in 1942. Keep in mind that Captain Mohan Singh had made Captain Mohan Singh, who was an Indian Prisoner of War in Japan, because Japan was against the British in the Second World War, was in the Indian Army in the British Army, meaning Indians were being sent to the Indian Army to fight, so there were Indians in it, so they were held and kept. It was taken by Japan, it is Mohan Singh, he said, look friend, we also support you, that is, the British are going to force us [ __ ], so do this, leave our brothers, we will make one army, okay and will use it. If they fight against the British only for your support, then they became prisoners of war and then led the Indian National Army. Ras Bihari Bose led it. Be careful, don't get confused. Ras Bihari Ghos was different who had proposed the Surat session of 1907. This is the secret. There is Bihari Bose and then after him comes Subhash Chandra Bose, Netaji is fine with us, he goes to Germany etc. and comes to meet Hitler, it is fine with the name of Orlando Moza, so all these go there and he appointed a queen in this Indian National Army. Lakshmi Bai formed a female regiment, she formed Rani Lakshmi Bai Regiment, which was a female regiment, so she formed it, where was it formed, so it was formed in Japan, okay, this much is clear and that's it, now what is this? What happened was that when India became independent and today it is about to become independent, Indian means when the Second World War ended in 1945, then these people were brought from there, these IANA people, why brother, you were fighting against us only, the British said. So many trials were conducted, that is, their trial was conducted. The first trial was conducted in the Red Fort. The British told them to come. Come, all of you, now we will run a trial against you. So, when the trial was conducted, against whom? Initially three officers were called, one was our Prem Sehgal, the second was Gurab Singh Dhillon, Gurab Singh Dhillon ji and the third was our Shahnawaz. Khan Shah Nawaz Khan, these people were called and trials were held against them but but but but but but nothing could be done, why did it also happen that these people come and see this, okay what happened is that Jawaharlal Nehru became okay, forget it Bhai Desai. Tej Bahadur Sapar became Desai Lake, all these people advocated for him and he was a Hindu, Sikh and a Muslim, so India also joined and now the British had understood that our last time is coming, so why not? They were left with unnecessary tension, they did not conduct any trials, then their cabinet mission plan came in 1946, you also know that three members had studied in politics, there were AV Alexander, Stafford Cripps and Pathik Lawrence, they had studied in politics. I am you and Lawrence, what was its meaning? He was the Chairman. He had said that a Constituent Assembly will be formed. In this way, according to him, the Constituent Assembly of our country was formed which formed the Constitution. Let us tell you who said it for the first time and who said it for the first time. Such a less permanent assembly should be formed. When did the Royal Indian Navy become independent ? There was a ship in it. The Indians in this ship had written 'Go back Britishers', so that happened against them in 1946. Okay, RIN Mutton happened in 1946. I have to keep this thing in mind, every year I can make you match with me, RIN Mutton 1946 is over, now only this Socio-Religious Reform Movement person is left, only five or six of them are yours, they are Brahmo Samaj, Arya Samaj, they do that only. Let's finish, okay, wait for a minute, it's okay, yes, let's start now, Sosh Rim Movement, okay, in this we will study different types of movements. Someone was writing, Vijayanagar bhaiya Vijayanagar, everything is done, it's okay, you are late, Vijayanagar, Vijayanagar, all. I have read a little bit that you can eat the food you want, you will come back as it is good and say Vijaynagar, let's start teaching Brahmo Samaj. Okay, so Brahmo Samaj is formed. In 1828, who makes Raja in 28? Ram Mohan Roy is made. Who gave him the title of Raja? Let us tell you that they wanted to end the worship of Reforming. Okay, so they wanted to end the whole thing, the reason for this was that Raja Ram Mohan Roy had formed the Atmiya Sabha in 1814 and that Atmiya Sabha which was formed in 1814 15 Later on Brahmo Samaj asks what was the Prikar Sir of Brahmo Samaj? So it was Atmiya Sabha formed in 1814. The title of Raja was given to him by Akbar the Second and he has some books like Gift to Monotheism Perceptions of Jesus from Jesus. Sambad Kamdi and Mira Tol newspapers which were published for the Parsi community, Meral newspaper is fine and we know him as Father of Indian Renaissance, it is fine to call Raja Ram Mohan Roy as Father of Indian Renaissance and Keep in mind that a meeting was formed to oppose it. Dharam Sabha was formed in 1830. It was formed in 1830. Radhakant Dev formed it in 1830. Okay , so keep this thing in mind. For whose opposition was Dharam Sabha formed? Asks? It was made for the opposition of Brahmo Samaj. Okay, clearly, let's move ahead. Arya Samaj is becoming Arya Samaj. It was finished in the year 18753. It was finished during the time of William Bentinck who was the first Governor General of India, so Raja had put a lot of efforts into it. If we talk about Ram Mohan Roy ji's Arya Samaj, then Swami Daya Nand Saraswati starts it. His original name was Mool Shankar. Keep this thing in mind, he had said, Go back to Vedas i.e. go back to the Vedas. Return to Vedas Vedas and they said India for Indians i.e. India for Indians. India for Indians i.e. India for Indians. They said after doing Satyarth Prakash, they wrote the book. After doing Satyarth Prakash, they wrote the book. The first unit of Arya Samaj is Bombay. It was formed in India and later its head quarter was shifted to Lahore. Do you understand this much about what Swami Dayanand Saraswati created? He started the Shuddhi Movement. He started the Shuddhi Movement for the sake of which people went to other religions from Hinduism. If they converted to any other religion, then Net Shuddhi Movement was started for them, which was formed by Atmaram Pandurang and later it was also joined by MG Ranade, Mahadev Govind Ranade, about whom we had read, Puna Sarvajanik Sanne was formed in 1967 or 1877. And it also worked on the same philosophy on which Brahmo Samaj worked, Paramhans Mandali, it was formed in 1840, right somewhere. Sometimes SSC also writes 1849, it is okay, Paramhans Mandali, it was made by Dado Ba Pandurang, Dado Ba Pandurang, where was it made, be it Paramhans Mandali or Prarthana Samaj, this is Maharashtra region, it was made there, it is from Maharashtra. In the region where Ram Krishna Movement was formed, Ram Krishna Movement, which is Ram Krishna Movement, Ram Krishna Movement was started, it is okay in the first year, in 97, its head quarter was set up in Belur Math, who got it built, Swami Vivekananda ji. Will tell when was his birth and his death? When was Swami Vivekananda's birth on 12th January? Tell me quickly and when was his death on 5th July. When did he live for 39 years? Just tell me when was his birth. Ramakrishna Paramhansa tests you too. The name of the Guru was, his original name was Narendranath Dutta, it is ok, Narendranath Dutta is ok, and what was the name of his Guru, what was it, Ram Krishna Paramahansa, it is ok, Ram Krishna Paramahansa, the name of his Guru, and his original name was Ramakrishna. The original name of Paramhans ji was Gaga Ra Chattopadhyay, okay Gadha Chato Padhe, you will keep this thing in mind, okay and when was he born in 18636, this thing you have to keep in mind, okay clear and when was the speech in Chicago. Swami Vikan ji had given his book in 1893, remember Karma Karma Yoga Raj Yoga, Karma Yoga Raj Yoga and his memorial, where is the rock memorial in his name, where he is a meditator, where Modi ji is also a meditator, in Tamil Nadu, his rock memorial is fine. Who is known as Lokhitwadi? Who is known as Lokhitwadi? Gopal Hari Deshmukh is known as someone else Dev Samaj Oho Dev Samaj Dev Dev Dev Dev Dev is ok Dev Shivnarayan Agnihotri was from Kanpur, Shivnarayan Agnihotri Dev was from IT L, he was not that. Apna Sunil Sethi Dev, where are you going, Dev, it is ok, Shivnarayan Agnihotri, that god is the society of gods, Shivnarayan Agnihotri, what has happened from god to Veda, there is no Ved Samaj, whatever is Veda Samaj, yes, yes, we call it Brahma Samaj of South India is fine , second is fine, it is called Brahmo Samaj of South India, where was it setup, was it setup in Madras, who did this, Keshav Chandra Sen plus Shridhar Lu Naidu Shridhar Lu Naidu fine Seva Sadan, this is Bahram Ji Malabari Ok BM Malabari BM Malabari whom we serve, ok Seva Sadan and he had worked for child marriage, he had worked against child marriage, ok he had worked for widow re-marriage, ok this is for you Keep in mind, when was the Widow Re-Marriage Act passed ? Yes, this Widow Re-Marriage Act was passed, so this Act was passed at the time of Dal Houji, it was passed in 18567 and whose main efforts were in this, Ishwar Chandra Vidya Sagar, okay whose? Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar's Widow Re-Marriage Association is also formed, if you know why Jyotiba Phule wala has not come, I had kept it till now, friend, come on, no one will come forward, so we will see, okay, it's okay to wait, just because. That is important, let's note it down here. What is Satya Shodhak Samaj? Satya Shodhak Samaj, it was formed in 18735, Jyotirao Phule, then Jyotiba Phule, where in Maharashtra, he belonged to the gardener community and belonged to the gardener community. If he used to do so, then the depresso and Phule of his two books are Gulamgiri and Sarvajanik Satya Dharma, in which language he would have written them and one more thing, my friend, I have missed here that is what is missing in Brahmo Samaj place, keep in mind that Tattva Bodhni. Who merged this Sabha? Tattva Bodhini Sabha was formed in 1839. Rabindranath Tagore's father Devendranath Tagore had formed it and merged it. He had also brought out Tattva Bodhini magazine from Brahmo Samaj. A Bengali language. And he was the one who allowed Keshav Chandra Sen, whom we were also seeing in Ved Samaj, who formed Ved Samaj with Shridhar Lu Naidu. In Madras, Keshav Chandra Sen also got entry, but there will be a fight with Keshav Chandra Sen later. When he left, Devendranath Tagore and others went with Brahmo Samaj and Keshav Chandra Sen Brahmo Samaj of India was 1866mhz, okay, we were here, okay and his wife was Savitribai Phule, she is considered the first female teacher, the first female who wrote an autobiography. Can you tell the name of the first female autobiography written by Raj Sundari Devi? Can you tell the name of the first female autobiography written by Raj Sundari Devi? She wrote the first female autobiography in Bengali language. I have taught you the Challe Temple Entry Movement. EV Rama in 1900 24 Swami Nekar had started it in South India in 1930 and yes, keep this in mind, SNDP Movement is called Shri Narayana Dharma Paripalan Yojana, it is called OK or simply called SNDP Movement, it was started by Shri Narayana Guru, it is very important, it is Madras. It is okay in the region sir, how much is left, it is almost over, friend, it is difficult if it takes more than a minute to speak, I am saying too much in 5 minutes, okay, Amar Jeevan is okay, Amar Jeevan is okay, Amar Jeevan is the name of autobiography, take care . I will write it down otherwise questions will come and then there will be a problem, immortal life can be asked, let's just end Indian National Indian National Social Conference, keep in mind that MG Ranade and Raghunath Rao made MG Rana Day Plus Raghunath Rao ji When was it made? In 1887x82, its head quarter was shifted to Madras and when it was shifted, Annie Besant ji took its chairmanship i.e. Basant ji, okay, let's finish and one one one one one one one. That Young Bengal Movement is missing, okay here I write the Young Bengal Movement, it started at the time of 18 late 1820, 20 or 1829, you can consider it as late 1820 or early 1830, it was started by Henry Vivian Droz, who was There was a President in a Hindu college, that is, he was a teacher, but he could not do much. When was the Hindu college setup? Please tell me. Two Hindu colleges taught you. Only the last two are fake and Wahabi, which are associated with Muslims, so if we talk about fake. So Farji was run by Haji Sharia Tulla Haji Sharia Tulla in 1818 That's 1818 and who ran Wahhabi Who ran Wahhabi Syed Ahmed Barelvi Syed Ahmed Barelvi And the last one is Mohammedan Anglo Oriental College It was run by 18753 Sir It was run by Syed Ahmed and Khan Sir Syed Ahmed Khan ji, it later became Aligarh Muslim University in 1920 and in 1920, name its first Memon Vice Chancellor, the first Memon Vice Chancellor who has just been made, who is she, who has been made now, Naima. Khatoon, take care, it is important, Ima Khatoon is fine [music] and Hindu College, yes, Hindu College, 1791 Banaras, Jonathan Duncan, which is also called Sanskrit College, and in 1811, Raja Ram Mohan Roy, along with David Hare, had formed the Hindu College, which is fine. If anyone else feels that you have missed something, then you can tell me. If you are tired, tell me, then get more class done. I am not tired and if there is anything left, tell me. Even if your thumb gets broken today, the class will not stop today. You tell me, just once. Tell me if you have anything left, lactic acid has formed in the brain, it was true Guru, it is due to lactic acid, there will be a physics class tomorrow, one shot, okay, we will do that from Piva Q, whatever questions come in recent times in 2024, 2023, ask them in physics. We will go through it, hit the target, we will do more biology the day after tomorrow, all the one shots are over, everything is over, everything is over, today we have done geography, we have done politics, we have done chemistry, we have done statics, tomorrow we will do physics, the day after tomorrow we will all do it. Finish Sir Raziawala, read it back. What are you talking about with the PPT? Environment is collegiate. Yes, Panada Harish Nikhil Arya is writing that God should give you a beautiful daughter-in-law. Hey, what are you writing? Not daughter-in-law, I had to write something else, Bhakti and Sufi, questions on that do not come. What is left of yours is from Bhakti Sufi, I had put a chart of Advaita Philosophy, it was the chart of Bhakti Movement, okay, so you have to read it, you don't know the questions and who sent it brother dear sir Yogesh writes Raghuvanshi sir dear Sir, I am preparing for CHSL Mains, I have done GK 2.2 and PWD 4.2, how to revise. After CS Mains, we will bring a batch for UPSC. Please, from where will we bring SC people for UPSC? You are seeing how much time is not available and how to revise for Mains. Do it, there is no process for revising, just do the revision, that is, don't move ahead. Curiosity arises in the mind to move ahead, move ahead, move ahead and study but when there is no previous revision, if there is any problem in revision, then take the help of a friend. Or if any younger brother or sister takes his help then he will help you in your revision so that you remember it and tell him. Ask him, tell him, if he asks, he will not be monotone. What is revision? It becomes monotone. Come on brother, temple entry movement, tell me, in South India sir, that means what Ambedkar ji says in North India, somewhere it is written 1927, somewhere it is written 1930, okay and KP. Keshav had started in South India, EV Rama Swami Naykar, KP Keshav and Shri Narayan Guru were also there who started the SNDP movement Shri Narayan Dharma Paripalan Thank you Mansi ji Mohit Pathak Sir, listen to the song, why not son Mohit, you bring the selection, sing to me separately. I will take you and make you listen, I will make you listen to you, I will make you sing a song, why are you worried? Come with a lesson, you brothers and sisters do not help, you keep fighting and beating, the matter is right, friend, the matter is correct, it gets beaten, but tell me, friend, it is okay now, kill. This is not the day of thrashing, isn't it? The round table conference has already taken place, brother, you people are getting up from time to time and throwing the round table conference like this, let's see whether we got it done or not. Now everything is done, so get up from sleep. If you come and eat the breakfast you want , then where will all the dancing come from? Hey, we will show you by dancing as well. Why are you worrying? All your wishes will be fulfilled. Just come with the selection. Okay , when was the Asiatic Society of Bengal formed? This is a question, it is homework. Asiatic Society of Bengal I had made you do this for you in the Governor General's class, it's okay, this is homework for you, come on, you will worry, you will worry, you will also worry, we will also do it, we will do it, Bengal, we will do everything, you don't worry about yours. Look, we will do Ghoomar dance, we will also do Jhoomar dance, we will even do Katha Kali for you and you tell us, we will do Bharat Natyam for you. Come on brother, thank you all, take Russian, yes, that's what was missing, Bihar Inspector. Batch brother, batch batch, not yet, this is enough for you, whatever is happening, let's meet tomorrow at 10:00 in the morning, friend, now it's okay because it will be a very small section of Physics, so it will take more time, otherwise it will be at 10:00 in the morning. Let 's start with Physics, isn't it? Thank you everyone, we liked that you joined us tomorrow also, we would love it more, thank you.