Overview
This lecture discusses the concept of "self" from the sociological perspective, emphasizing how society shapes individual identity and the reciprocal relationship between individuals and broader social structures.
Sociology and the Self
- Sociology examines human relationships in the context of society, focusing on interactions and social systems.
- Different disciplines study people in unique contexts: sociology (society), anthropology (culture), psychology (mind).
- The self is socially constructed—formed and influenced by interactions with others and the community.
- Sociological questions emphasize how society affects individuals and how individuals contribute to society.
Sociological Perspectives on the Self
- There is a reciprocal relationship: self affects society and society affects self.
- The self emerges in and is reflective of society; individuals display traits shaped by their social environment.
- To understand the self, one must consider the society and culture to which they belong.
- Social structures (norms, values, characteristics) arise from the actions and behaviors of individuals within a society.
- Social construction of selfhood involves meanings associated with the "public self"—the aspects of self visible and shared with others.
- Understanding the self requires considering historical and cultural contexts.
George Herbert Mead’s Theory
- The self develops through social interaction, internalizing others’ perspectives, and personal reflection.
- Self has two aspects: the "I" (spontaneous, personal self) and the "Me" (socialized self, shaped by societal expectations).
- Identity is fluid; people express different aspects of self in different social contexts (e.g., family, friends, school).
- Stages of self-development: language (communication), play (role-playing), and game (understanding rules and multiple roles).
Modernization, Social Groups, and Networks
- Modernity changes the nature of self, moving from survival-focused (premodern) to more dynamic, entertainment-oriented (modern) societies.
- Features of modernity include industrialism, capitalism, surveillance institutions, and social dynamism.
- Social groups consist of people sharing interactions and characteristics, creating a sense of belonging (e.g., family, friends, classmates).
- Social networks connect individuals within and across groups, forming organic (natural, traditional) or rational (interest-based, modern) groupings.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Sociology — the study of people in the context of society and their relationships.
- Self (Sociological) — an identity constructed through perceptions, social interactions, and societal influences.
- Social Construction — the process by which society shapes individuals' identities and roles.
- Public Self — the version of oneself shown to others in social settings.
- Social Structure — patterns of organized relationships and norms in society.
- Organic Group — social groups formed naturally, often in traditional settings (e.g., family, village).
- Rational Group — social groups formed by choice, often based on shared interests (e.g., school clubs).
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review George Herbert Mead’s stages of self-development.
- Reflect on examples of how social context influences your own identity.
- Complete assigned readings on social groups and networks for next class.