Kingdom Plantae - Classification

Basic Characteristics of Plants

• All plants are photosynthetic with chlorophyll (green pigment essential for photosynthesis).
• Some plants have additional accessory pigments.
• Plant cells have a cell wall made of cellulose.
• Sex organs are generally multicellular and jacketed.

Classification Based on Habitat

Aquatic Plants (found in water)

• Algae:
  • Green Algae
  • Red Algae
  • Brown Algae

Land Plants (terrestrial)

• Classified based on the presence of vascular tissues (xylem and phloem).

Without Vascular Tissues

• Bryophytes
  • Examples: Mosses, Liverworts

With Vascular Tissues

• Classified based on reproduction methods: spores or seeds.

  • Pteridophytes (Reproduce by spores)

    • Example: Ferns

  • Spermatophytes (Reproduce by seed formation)

    • Divided into:
      • Gymnosperms (Naked seeds)
      • Angiosperms (Seeds enclosed in fruits)
        • Further divided into:
          • Monocots (One cotyledon)
          • Dicots (Two cotyledons)

Classification Based on Body Structure

Crypto-gams (Non-seed producing plants)

• Thalophyta (Body is thallus-like)

  • Example: Algae

• Bryophyta (Body not differentiated into root, stem, leaves)

  • Example: Mosses

• Pteridophyta (Well-developed vascular tissue, reproduces by spores)

  • Example: Ferns

Phanerogams (Seed-producing plants)

• Divided into:
  • Gymnosperms: Naked seeds
  • Angiosperms: Seeds enclosed in fruits
    • Further classified based on the number of cotyledons:
      • Monocots
      • Dicots

Comparison of Classifications

• Both classifications, though different in variables used (habitat and body structure), are meant to provide a comprehensive understanding of plant diversity.
• Combine aquatic plants with algae and non-differentiated body forms with simplified vascular structures (Thalophytes and Bryophytes).
• Discuss similarities and differences between types.

Upcoming Discussion Plans

• Detailed examination of algae types (green, red, brown).
• Lifecycle studies of mosses and liverworts.
• Discuss fern characteristics and reproduction.
• Detailed exploration of gymnosperms and angiosperms.
• Understand differences between monocots and dicots.

Summary

• Two major classifications help in organizing plant kingdom based on different characteristics.
• Provides a framework for understanding diversity in structures and reproduction methods within the plant kingdom.

Stay tuned for the next video where individual members of these classifications will be discussed in detail.