Overview
This lecture covers the history, purpose, and key provisions of the National Building Code of the Philippines (PD 1096), focusing on building design, construction, maintenance, fire safety, zoning, sanitation, and pedestrian protection.
History and Legal Framework
- PD 1096 (1977) superseded RA 6541 (1972) as the main law governing building safety in the Philippines.
- The Code was updated to address urbanization, technological advances, and legal changes.
- Before 1972, building standards varied by locality, leading to safety inconsistencies.
Objectives and Scope
- The Code aims to protect lives, health, and property, ensuring public well-being and environmental management.
- Applies to public and private buildings except traditional indigenous family dwellings.
Administration and Enforcement
- The Secretary of Public Works and Highways enforces the Code, with support from building officials.
- Building officials must be qualified Filipino architects or engineers with experience.
- Duties include issuing permits, conducting inspections, and enforcing compliance.
- Fee management and exemptions: public and traditional indigenous dwellings are exempt from permit fees.
Permits, Inspections, and Certificates
- No construction, alteration, or demolition allowed without a building permit.
- Applications require detailed forms, plans, and certifications by professionals.
- Permits can be revoked for non-compliance; appeals are allowed.
- Certificate of Occupancy is required before a building’s use.
Types of Construction and Fire Zones
- Five building types: from wooden (Type I) to fully fire-resistive (Type V).
- Restrictions and standards vary by type and fire zone.
- Building location, enlargement, or changes must comply with fire safety standards.
Occupancy Classification and Separation
- Buildings classified by use (residential, institutional, business, industrial, hazardous, assembly, accessory).
- Changing occupancy/use requires approval.
- Mixed-use buildings must meet the strictest applicable safety requirements.
- Fire-resistive occupancy separations are classified by hours of protection.
Light, Ventilation, and Sanitation
- Minimum requirements for natural and artificial lighting, ceiling heights, room sizes, windows, and airspace.
- Proper water supply, wastewater disposal, storm drainage, pest, and noise control are mandated.
- Specific standards for kitchens, bathrooms, and other spaces.
Building Projections and Public Space Use
- Projections over streets/alleys allowed only under strict conditions.
- Uniform standards for balconies, arcades, canopies, awnings, and doors/windows near property lines.
- Special rules for corner buildings and public utility protection during construction.
Pedestrian Protection During Construction
- Work near public areas must ensure pedestrian safety via temporary walkways, railings, fences, and canopies.
- Protective devices must be maintained and removed when no longer necessary.
- Demolition requires approved plans and protective measures.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Presidential Decree (PD) 1096 — The current National Building Code of the Philippines.
- Building Official — Appointed professional responsible for enforcing building standards locally.
- Certificate of Occupancy — Permit confirming a building’s compliance before use.
- Fire Zone — Designated area with specific fire safety construction requirements.
- Occupancy Separation — Fire-resistive barriers separating distinct building uses.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review the updated Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of PD 1096.
- Study building types and fire zone requirements.
- Prepare for discussion on specific occupancy classifications and separation standards.