Analyzing Form, Structure, and Language in Texts

Introduction

• Importance: Analyzing form, structure, and language is crucial for exams, particularly in Paper 1 and Paper 2.
• Exam Focus: Question 1b (comparing texts) and Question 2 (25 points) in Paper 1; reflective commentary in Paper 2.

Definitions

• Language: Choice of words, figures of speech, and language devices.
• Form: Genre of the text and how it influences its appearance on the page.
• Structure: Organization of information and how it fits together to create a unified text.

Language Analysis

• Lexis: Vocabulary used by the author, including words with strong connotations and semantic fields.
• Figures of Speech: Metaphor, simile, personification, etc.; importance of explaining why they are used.
• Persuasive Techniques: Language techniques to make arguments and convince readers.
• Grammar, Syntax, and Punctuation: Influence emotions and text rhythm/pacing; importance of sentence length and punctuation use.

Form Analysis

1. Genre Characteristics

• Rules and Conventions: Knowing genre rules is crucial.
• Examples: Poetry (epic poems vs. haikus), letters (visual elements like address, salutation).

2. Visual Appearance on the Page

• Anaphora: Repetition of words/phrases at the beginning of clauses (e.g., "I have a dream").
• Single Line Sentences: Often mark important turning points.
• Short Sentences/Paragraphs: Used for emotional impact.
• Ellipsis: Omitted text; analyze why it was excluded.
• Dialogue: Purpose and impact on the text.
• Subheadings and Bullet Points: Visual elements that organize text.

3. Audience and Purpose

• Audience: People reading the text.
• Purpose: Writer's goal; how audience and purpose influence word choices.
• Tone and Register: Writer's attitude (tone) and level of formality (register).
• Examples: Gaming magazine vs. Wikipedia article; differences in tone, register, and jargon.

Structure Analysis

• Beginning and Ending: Crucial parts of a text; techniques to hook the reader and leave an impact.
• Cyclical Structure: Story ends where it began; creates a well-rounded text.
• Linear Progression: Natural development of ideas.
• Contrast and Juxtaposition: Opposite topics or treatments in neighboring paragraphs.
• Shifts: Changes in focus, subject, or theme; use of one-sentence paragraphs as clues.
• Pace: Speed at which the text progresses; influenced by paragraph/sentence length and content.

Conclusion

• No Checklist: Framework for thinking about different elements.
• Practice: Each text is unique; practice helps in analyzing any text in the exam.
• Infographic: Free resource summarizing key points.
• Questions and Feedback: Encouragement to ask questions or send emails for clarification.