Respiratory System and Disorders

hi everyone this is Nurse Anna from nurse study.net and here we have 75 questions regarding the respiratory system and disorders uh with the answers in rationale would you like free audio books click the link in the description question one a 70-year-old patient with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD is admitted to the hospital with worsening dmia and productive cough the nurse notes the patient has a respiratory rate of 28 breaths per minute and oscilation reveals wheezing and decreased breath sounds which of the following nursing interventions is most appropriate initially a administer Oxygen by a nasal canula at 2 L per minute B prepare for endotracheal intubation C encourage the patient to perform P lip breathing D obtain a sputum culture for analysis answer a administer Oxygen by a nasal canula at 2 L per minute rationale in patients with COPD maintaining adequate oxygenation is crucial administering oxygen at a low flow rate helps to avoid suppressing the patient's respiratory drive while improving oxygen saturation p flip breathing C can help but is not the initial priority preparing for intubation B is premature without further assessment and obtaining a sputum culture D is important but not the first step in an acute situation question two a patient with pneumonia is receiving IV antibiotics the nurse is reviewing the patient most recent arterial blood gas ABG results pH 7.30 P2 50 mm of mercury hc3 is 24 mil equivalent per liter which of the following actions should the nurse take first a increase the oxygen flow rate B notify the health care provider C assist the patient in deep breathing exercises D administer sodium bicarbonate answer B notify the healthc care provider rationale the ab G results indicate respiratory acidosis which suggests the patient is not ventilating adequately the healthcare provider needs to be notified to assess the patient and potentially adjust the treatment plan increasing the oxygen flow rate a without provider guidance could lead to further issues deep breathing exercises C can be helpful but are not the first priority and administering sodium bicarbonate D is not appropriate in this context as the primary issue is respiratory not metabolic question three a patient with asthma is experiencing an acute exacerbation the nurse notes that the patient is using accessory muscles to breathe has an oxygen saturation of 88% and is unable to speak in full sentences which of the following is the nurse's priority intervention a administer a short acting beta Agonist Saba inhaler B perform chest physio therapy C place the patient in a high fow's position D prepare for mechanical ventilation answer a administer a short acting beta Agonist Saba inhaler rationale administering a Saba inhaler such as albuterol is the priority as it will help to quickly relieve bronos spasm and improve Airway patency placing the patient in a high fow's position C can help with breathing but is secondary to medication administration chest physiotherapy B is not appropriate during an acute asthma exacerbation and preparing for mechanical ventilation D may be necessary if the patient does not respond to initial treatment but is not the first step question four a 60-year-old patient with a history of pulmonary fibrosis presents with increasing shortness of breath and dry cough the patient is receiving supplement Al oxygen at 4 L per minute bya nasal canula but continues to have low oxygen saturation levels what is the most appropriate nursing action a increase the oxygen flow rate to 6 L per minute B encourage the patient to use an incentive spirometer C prepare for non-invasive positive pressure ventilation NIV D administer a Bronco dilator nebul izer treatment answer C prepare for non-invasive positive pressure ventilation nippv rationale for a patient with pulmonary fibrosis experiencing worsening respiratory status despite supplemental oxygen ni ippv can provide better oxygenation and support ventilation without intubation increasing the oxygen flow rate a may not be effective due to the underlying pathology incentive spirometry B is more useful in preventing atelectasis post-operatively and a Bronco dilator D might not be effective in fibrotic lung disease question five a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome ards is on a mechanical ventilator the nurse notes that the patient Peak inspiratory pressure has been steadily increasing what is the most appropriate initial nursing action a suction the patient endot tracheal tube B increase the tidal volume on the ventilator C check the ventilator tubing for Kinks or obstructions D administer a sedative to the patient answer C check the ventilator tubing for Kinks or obstructions rationale an increase in Peak inspiratory pressure can be caused by an obstruction in the ventilator tubing or patient Airway checking for Kinks or obstructions is a simple and quick way to identify and potentially resolve the issue suctioning the patient a is appropriate if there are secretions but checking the tubing should come first increasing the tital volume B is not appropriate without addressing the cause of the increased pressure and administering a sedative D does not address the potential mechanical issue question six a 55-year-old patient with a history of heart fail is admitted with acute pulmonary edema the patient is extremely anxious with a respiratory rate of 32 breaths per minute and a frothy pink sputum which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate the healthc care provider to order first a furosemide Lasix B morphine C albuterol D norepinephrine answer a furosemide Lasix rationel furosemide a loop diuretic will help reduce pulmonary congestion by promoting diuresis morphine B can help reduce anxiety and decrease pre-load but it is not the first line treatment albuterol C is not indicated for pulmonary edema and norepinephrine D is used for hypotension and shock not for pulmonary edema question s a 40-year-old patient with cystic fibrosis presents with increased shortness of breath fever and thick green sputum the patient is currently receiving chest Physiotherapy and pancreatic enzyme supplements what is the priority nursing action a increase the frequency of chest physiotherapy sessions B obtain a sputum culture for bacterial analysis C admit Minister intervenous antibiotics as ordered D encourage the patient to perform deep breathing exercises answer C administer intervenous antibiotics as ordered rationale the priority in this scenario is to treat the infection causing the patient symptoms administering antibiotics is crucial to managing the infection increasing chest physiotherapy a and deep breathing exercises D are supportive measures but treating the infection is primary obtaining autum culture B is important but should not delay the administration of antibiotics question 8 a patient with chronic bronchitis is admitted with an acute exacerbation the nurse notes the patient has a productive cough wheezing and cyanosis which of the following ABG results would the nurse expect to find in this patient a pH 7.50 P2 30 mm of mercury hc3 22 mil equivalent per liter B pH 7.35 P2 45 mm of mercury H3 26 mil equivalent per liter C pH 7.30 P2 60 mm of mercury hc3 28 mil equivalent per liter D pH 7.45 p240 mm of mercury h324 mil equivalent per liter answer C pH 7.30 P2 60 mm of mercury hc3 28 M equivalent per liter rationale chronic bronchitis often leads to respiratory acidosis due to hypoventilation and carbon dioxide retention therefore a lower pH and elevated P2 with a compensatory increase in hc3 is expected options A and D indicate respiratory alkalosis or normal values and B represents Normal ABG values question nine a patient with tuberculosis TB is started on iasd inh and refampin the nurse provides patient education on these medications which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching a I will need to take these medications for at least 6 months B I should avoid alcohol while taking these medications C I can stop taking the medications once my symptoms improve D I need to report any yellowing of my skin or eyes to my healthcare provider answer C I can stop taking the medications once my symptoms improve rationale TB treatment requires strict adherence to the medication regimen for the entire duration prescribed even if symptoms improve to prevent resistance and ensure eradication of the bacteria statements a b and d are correct and show understanding of the medication regimen and potential side effects question 10 a patient with a recent diagnosis of lung cancer is experiencing a plural aus us usion the patient is scheduled for a thoracentesis which of the following should the nurse include in the pre-procedure teaching a the procedure will be performed under general anesthesia B the patient will need to lie on their side during the procedure C the procedure involves inserting a needle into the plural space to remove fluid D the patient should avoid eating or drinking for 12 hours before the procedure answer C the procedure involves inserting a needle into the plural space to remove fluid rationale thoracentesis involves the insertion of a needle into the plural space to remove fluid the procedure is usually performed under local anesthesia a is incorrect the patient is typically positioned sitting upright and leaning forward B is incorrect and there are no specific fasting requirements D is incorrect question 11 a 65-year-old patient with a history of smoking presents with hemoptisis weight loss and chronic cough a chest x-ray reveals a mass in the right lung what is the priority nursing intervention for this patient a educate the patient on smoking sensation B prepare the patient for a broncoscopy c encourage the patient to increase fluid intake D schedule the patient for pulmonary Rehabilitation answer B prepare the patient for a broncoscopy rationale a broncoscopy will allow for direct visualization of the mass and enable biopsy for definitive diagnosis smoking cessation education a is important but not the priority at this moment increasing fluid intake C and Pulmonary rehabilitation D are supportive measures but secondary to obtaining a diagnosis question 12 a patient with pulmonary embolism PE is started on intervenous Heparin the nurse is monitoring the patient lab results which lab value is the nurse most concerned with to evaluate the effectiveness of Heparin therapy a platelet count B hemoglobin level C activate partial thromboplastin time a d Pro thrombin time PT answer C activated partial thromboplastin time apt rationale apt is used to monitor the effectiveness of Hein therapy and to ensure the patient is within the therapeutic range platelet count a hemoglobin level B and PT D are important but do not specifically monitor peine Effectiveness question 13 a patient with newly diagnosed pulmonary hypertension is started on a calcium channel blocker which of the following is the most important patient teaching point for this medication a take your medication with a full glass of water B monitor your blood pressure regularly C avoid grapefruit juice while taking this medication d report any swelling of the ankles or feet to your health care provider answer B monitor your blood pressure regularly rationale calcium channel blockers can lower blood pressure and regular monitoring is important to prevent hypotension taking medication with water a is good advice but not the most critical avoiding grapefruit juice C is important but secondary and Reporting swelling D is also important but not the priority teaching point question 14 a patient is admitted with an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis the patient has a history of smoking and presents with increased sputum production wheezing and hypoxemia which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate administering first a inhaled corticosteroid B long- acting beta Agonist labba C short acting bet Agonist Saba D oral theopen answer C short acting bet Agonist Saba rationale a Saba such as albuterol is used for quick relief of Broncos spasm and wheezing in an acute exacerbation inhaled corticosteroids A and labas B are used for long-term management and theopen D is not typically used for acute exacerbations question 15 a patient with Advanced stage lung cancer is experiencing severe dpia and anxiety the healthc care provider orders morphine sulfate what is the primary reason for administering morphine in this case a to reduce pain B to relieve anxiety C to decrease the sensation of dpia d to reduce coughing answer C to decrease the sensation of dmia rationale morphine can reduce the sensation of breathlessness which is particularly important for patients with severe dmia while it also reduces pain a and anxiety B the primary reason in this context is to alleviate dpia it does not specifically reduce coughing D question 16 a third 30-year-old patient with asthma is being discharged with a new prescription for an inhaled corticosteroid which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching a I should use this inhaler every day even if I feel well B I need to rinse my mouth after using this inhaler C I can use this inhaler for quick relief during an asthma attack D I should not stop using this inhaler without Consulting my health care provider answer C I can use this inhaler for quick relief during an asthma attack rationale inhaled corticosteroids are for long-term control and not for quick relief during an asthma attack quick relief is provided by short acting bet agonists statements a b and d indicate correct understanding question 17 a patient with interstitial lung disease is experiencing worsening dpia and fatigue the nurse notes crackles upon oscilation which diagnostic test is most likely to provide definitive information about the extent of the disease a chest x-ray B pulmonary function tests pfts C high resolution CT scan D arterial blood gas ABG analysis answer C high resolution CT scan rationale highresolution CT scans provide detailed images of the lung tissue and are most useful in diagnosing and assessing the extent of interstitial lung disease chest x-ray A and pfts B are helpful but not as definitive ABG analysis D evaluates gas exchange but does not provide detailed information about lung tissue question 18 a patient with suspected Puma thorax presents with sudden onset of chest pain and dpia the nurse observes tracheal deviation to the left side which of the following interventions should the nurse anticipate a administration of high flow oxygen B chest tube insertion C needle decompression D administration of analgesics answer C needle decompression rationale tracheal deviation in the context of a suspected pneumothorax indicates tension pneumothorax which is a medical emergency needle decompression is performed to relieve the pressure immediately high flow oxygen a and chest tube insertion B are important but follow initial emergency decompression analgesics D are supportive but but not the primary intervention question 19 a patient with a history of COPD is prescribed tiotropium Spiriva which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the patient teaching a use this inhaler during an acute asthma attack B rinse your mouth after using this inhaler C this medication should be taken once daily D increase your fluid intake while using this medication answer C this medication should be taken once daily rationale tiotropium is a long-acting anticholinergic that is taken once daily for maintenance therapy in COPD it is not for use during acute attacks a rinsing the mouth B is typically advised with inhaled corticosteroids to prevent oral thresh not necessary for anticholinergics inreasing fluid intake D is generally good advice but not specific to tiotropium question 20 a 45-year-old patient with sarcoidosis is experiencing worsening cough and shortness of breath the nurse reviews the patient lab results and notes elevated calcium levels what is the most appropriate nursing intervention a encourage increased fluid intake B prepare the patient for a bronos op opy C administer intravenous corticosteroids D educate the patient about a low calcium diet answer a encourage increased fluid intake rationale elevated calcium levels can be a complication of sarcoidosis increasing fluid intake helps to dilute the calcium and prevent kidney stones preparing for broncoscopy b or admin mining corticosteroids C may be necessary for the disease management but are not directly related to hypercalcemia management educating about a low calcium diet D is also important but not the immediate priority question 21 a patient with acute respiratory failure is receiving mechanical ventilation the nurse notices a sudden drop in the patient oxygen saturation and an increase in peak airway pressures which of the following should the nurse do first a check the patient's endot tracheal tube for displacement B increase the oxygen flow rate C administer Bronco dilator D call the respiratory therapist for assistance answer a check the patient's endot tracheal tube for displacement rationale a sudden drop in oxygen saturation and increased Airway pressures can indicate a problem with the endot tracheal tube such as displacement or obstruction checking the tube should be the first action increasing oxygen flow rate b or administering a Bronco dilator C does not address the potential cause calling for assistance D is appropriate but comes after initial assessment question 22 a patient with pulmonary embolism is receiving anti-coagulant therapy the nurse notes that the patient's activated partial thromboplastin time apt is significantly elevated what is the most appropriate action a continue the current Hein infusion rate B administer protamine sulfate C increase the Hein infusion rate D notify the healthcare provider answer D notify the health healthare provider rationale a significantly elevated apt indicates that the patient is at risk for bleeding complications the healthc care provider needs to be notified to adjust the Heparin dosage or consider other interventions continuing the current infusion rate a or increasing it C would increase the risk of bleeding administering protamine sulfate B is an antidote for Hein overdose but should only be done under the provider's direction question 23 a patient with Advanced empyema is experiencing severe dmia at rest the nurse notes a barrel chest and P lip breathing which of the following should be the primary goal for this patient care a increase physical activity levels B maintain adequate oxygenation C reduce fluid intake D encourage smoking cessation answer B maintain adequate oxygenation rationale the primary goal for a patient with Advanced empyema is to maintain adequate oxygenation physical activity a and smoking cessation D are important but secondary reducing fluid intake C is not typically a primary goal for empyema unless there are other specific medical indications question 25 four a 50-year-old patient with a history of asthma is admitted with status asthmaticus the patient is receiving continuous nebulized albuterol the nurse notes a heart rate of 120 beats per minute and palpitations what is the most appropriate nursing action a stop the albuterol treatment immediately B notify the healthc care provider and continue to monitor C administer a dose of a beta blocker D switch to an oral form of Albuterol answer B notify the healthc care provider and continue to monitor rationale albuterol can cause tacac cardia and palpitations as side effects the health care provider should be notified and the patient should be monitored closely stopping the treatment immediately a could worsen the asthma symptoms administering a beta blocker C could exacerbate asthma and switching to an oral form D would not address the acute situation question 25 a patient with bronchia acasis is admitted with a productive cough and thick F smelling sputum which diagnostic test is most important to determine the causitive agent of the infection a sputum culture and sensitivity B chest x-ray C complete blood count CBC D arterial blood gas ABG analysis answer a sputum culture and sensitivity rationale a sputum culture and sensitivity test will identify the causitive agent of the infection and determine the most effective antibiotic therapy a chest x-ray B can show structural changes but not the causitive agent CBC C can indicate infection but not the specific pathogen ABG analysis D assesses gas exchange but not the pathogen question 26 a patient with cystic fibrosis CF is admitted with an acute pulmonary exacerbation the nurse is preparing to administer Dorn's Alpha pulmozyme what is the primary action of this medication a redu Airway inflammation B Thins and loosens mucus in the Airways C prevents bacterial infections D dilates the bronchioles answer B Thins and loosens mucus in the Airways rationale Dorn Alpha is a mucc agent that helps to thin and loosen mucus in the Airways improving clearance and reducing the risk of infection it does not directly reduce inflammation a prevent infections C or dilate bronchioles D question 27 a patient with pneumonia is receiving supplemental Oxygen by a nasal canula at 4 L per minute the nurse notes the patient is still experiencing dpia and has an oxygen saturation of 90% which of the following actions should the nurse take next a increase the oxygen flow rate to 6 L per minute B switch to a non-rebreather mask C administer Bronco dilator D reposition the patient to a high fow's position answer B switch to a non-rebreather mask rationale switching to a non-rebreather mask will deliver a higher concentration of oxygen to the patient increasing the flow rate of the nasal canula a may not be sufficient administering a Bronco dilator C may help of Broncos spasm is present but is not the first action repositioning to a high Fowler's position D can help with breathing but is secondary to increasing oxygen delivery question 28 a patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is prescribed per phenidone esbriet which of the following should the nurse include in the patient education about this medication a take this medication on an empty stomach B this medication will cure your condition C avoid excessive sun exposure while taking this medication D you will need regular blood tests to monitor kidney function answer C avoid excessive sun exposure while taking this medication rationale profenid can increase sensitivity to sunlight so patients should avoid excessive sun exposure and use sun protection it should be taken with food to reduce gastrointestinal side effects a is incorrect the medication helps to slow disease progression but does not cure it B is incorrect regular liver function tests are required D is partially correct but kidney function is not the primary concern question 29 a patient with a suspected pulmonary embolism is scheduled for a ventilation profusion VQ scan what is the purpose of this diagnostic test a to assess the oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood B to detect areas of the lungs that are receiving too little air or blood flow C to measure lung volumes and capacities D to visualize the blood vessels in the lungs answer B to detect areas of the lungs that are receiving too little air or blood flow rationale a VQ skan helps to identify areas of the lungs with mismatched ventilation and perfusion which is useful in diagnosing pulmonary embolism it does not directly assess blood gas levels a measure lung volumes C or visualize blood vessels D question 30 a patient with obstructive sleep apnea Osa is being being treated with continuous positive airway pressure CPAP the nurse provides education on the use of CPAP which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching a I should use my CPAP machine every night even if I feel fine B the CPAP machine will keep my Airways open while I sleep C I can stop using the CPAP machine if I lose weight D I need to clean the CPAP mask and tubing regularly answer C I can stop using the CPAP machine if I lose weight rationale while weight loss can improve Osa symptoms it does not guarantee that CPAP will no longer be needed patients should continue using CPAP unless otherwise directed by their healthc care provider statements a b and d indicate correct understanding question 31 a patient with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD is experiencing respiratory failure and is placed on mechanical ventilation the healthc care provider orders a spontaneous breathing trial SBT what is the purpose of an SBT a to measure the patient lung capacity B to assess the patient ability to breathe without ventilatory support C to determine the effectiveness of Bronco dilator therapy therapy D to evaluate the patient gas exchange efficiency answer B to assess the patient ability to breathe without ventilatory support rationale an SBT is conducted to assess whether a patient can breathe independently without mechanical ventilation it does not measure lung capacity a determine Bronco dilator Effectiveness C or evaluate gas exchange efficiency D directly question 32 a patient with puitis is experiencing severe putic chest pain which of the following interventions is most appropriate to manage the patient pain a administering non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and saids B encouraging deep breathing exercises C applying heat to the chest D providing oxygen therapy answer a administering non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and seds rationale nids are effective in managing putic pain due to their anti-inflammatory properties deep breathing exercises B can help with lung expansion but may increase pain applying heat C is not typically recommended for putic pain and oxygen therapy D addresses hypoxemia not pain question 33 a patient with lung cancer is receiving pallative care and is experiencing dmia the nurse notes the patient is anxious and breathing rapidly which of the following interventions is most appropriate to help relieve the patient's dmia a increasing the oxygen flow rate B administering a Bronco dilator C providing lotos morphine D positioning the patient flat answer C providing Loos morphine rationale lotos morphine is effective in relieving dmia by decreasing the sensation of breathlessness and reducing anxiety increasing the oxygen flow rate a might help but is not always effective for dpia of terminal lung disease administering a Bronco dilator B is not appropriate unless bronos spasm is present positioning the patient flat D can worsen dmia question 34 a patient with a suspected Puma thorax is undergoing a chest tube insertion the nurse's role during this procedure includes a administering sedation and analgesia as ordered B assisting with the insertion by holding the patient still C ensuring all necessary equipment is still sterile and ready D monitoring the patient Vital Signs and oxygen saturation answer D monitoring the patient Vital Signs and oxygen saturation rationale monitoring the patient Vital Signs and oxygen saturation is crucial during chest tube insertion to detect any complications administering sedation and analgesia a and assisting with the procedure B are important but secondary roles ensuring sterile equipment C is the responsibility of the entire team but is not the primary nursing role question 35 a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD is prescribed roast Dorp what is the primary action of this medication a reduces Airway inflammation B dilates the bronchioles C thins mucous secretions D prevents bacterial infections answer a reduces Airway inflammation rationale roast is a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor that reduces Airway inflammation which can help prevent COPD exacerbations it does not dilate bronchials B thin mucus C or prevent bacterial infections d question 36 a patient with pulmonary arterial hypertension phah is prescribed Bostin trackler what important Laboratory test should the nurse monitor while the patient is on this medication a complete blood count CBC B liver function tests lfts C renal function tests D coagulation profile answer B liver function tests lfts rationale Bostin can cause liver toxicity so regular monitoring of liver function tests is essential while CBC a renal function C and coagulation profile D are important they are not specifically indicated for monitoring bosentan therapy question 37 a patient with pulmonary embolism is receiving low molecular weight Hein lmw therapy the nurse teaches the patient about this medication which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching a I need to inject this medication into the fatty tissue of my abdomen B I should avoid taking aspirin or other NSAIDs without consulting my health care provider C I will need regular blood tests to monitor my aptt levels D I should watch for signs of bleeding such as unusual bruising or bleeding gums answer C I will need regular blood tests to monitor my apt levels rationale lmw does not require regular monitoring of Apt levels unlike unfractionated Hein statements a b andd indicate correct understanding question 38 a patient with the history of asthma is using a peak flow meter at home which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the patient teaching a use the peak flow meter before taking any asthma medications B record the highest of three readings each time you use the meter C use the peak flow meter once a week D perform the test while lying down for best results answer B record the highest of three readings each time you use the meter rationale the correct procedure for using a peak flow meter includes recording the highest of three readings the meter should be used daily C is incorrect and the test should be performed standing or sitting up not lying down D the meter is typically used after taking medications to monitor their effectiveness a is incorrect question 39 a patient with Advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD is experiencing hypercapnic respiratory failure the nurse is preparing to initiate non-invasive positive pressure ventilation nippv what is the primary goal of nip PV in this patient a to increase oxygenation B to reduce carbon dioxide levels C to improve lung compliance D to prevent the need for intubation answer B to reduce carbon dioxide levels rationale the primary goal of nippv in hypercapnic respiratory failure is to reduce carbon dioxide levels by improving ventilation while it may also improve oxygenation a and prevent the need for intubation D the main purpose is to address hypercapnia improving lung compliance C is not the primary goal question 40 a patient with Advanced stage lung cancer is experiencing significant plural affusion which of the following symptoms would the nurse expect to find on assessment a decreased breath sounds on the affected side B increased fitus on the affected side C hyperresonance to percussion on the affected side d by lateral crackles answer a decreased breath sounds on the affected side rationale plural affusion typically causes decreased breath sounds on the affected side due to fluid in the plural space increased fitus B and hyperresonance C are not expected findings in plural affusion bilateral crackles D would suggest a different pathology such as heart failure question 41 a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome ards is being treated with mechanical ventilation and positive end expiratory pressure peep the nurse notes a sudden drop in blood pressure what is the most likely cause of this finding a increased intrathoracic pressure from peep B hypovolemia due to fluid shifts C adverse reaction to sedative medications D increased oxygen Demand by the tissues answer a increased inter thoracic pressure from peep rationale peep can increase inter thoracic pressure which can decrease Venus return to the heart and result in a drop in blood pressure hypovolemia B adverse reactions to medications C and increased oxygen demand D are less likely causes in this scenario question 42 a patient with pulmonary hypertension is experiencing right-sided heart failure which of the following symptoms should the nurse expect to find on assessment a crackles in the lungs B peripheral edema C elevated left atrial pressure D decreased Central Venus pressure answer B peripheral edema rationale right-sided heart failure commonly leads to peripheral edema due to Venus congestion crackles in the lungs a and elevated left atrial pressure C are more indicative of left-sided heart failure decreased central venous pressure D would not be expected it would more likely be increased question 43 a patient with Advanced COPD is prescribed supplemental oxygen at home which of the following treatments by the patient indicates a need for further teaching a I should use my oxygen all the time even when I'm feeling fine B I can adjust the flow rate if I feel short of breath C I need to keep my oxygen equipment away from open Flames D I should notify my healthc care provider if I experience increased shortness of breath answer B I can adjust the flow rate if I feel short of breath rationale patients should not adjust their oxygen flow rate without consulting their healthc care provider statements a c and d indicate correct understanding question 44 a patient with acute respiratory failure is on mechanical ventilation the nurse notes an increase in the patient peak airway pressures what is the most appropriate initial nursing action a check for kinks in the ventilator tubing B increase the tital volume C administer Bronco dilator D suction the patient Airway answer a check for kinks in the ventilator tubing rationale checking for Kinks or obstructions in the ventilator tubing is the first step when peak airway pressures increase increasing the tital volume B is not a appropriate without further assessment administering a Bronco dilator C or suctioning the airway D may be necessary but should follow checking the tubing question 45 a patient with pumac syus pneumonia PCP is receiving trimeth suth oxisol berrum which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor for a hyperkalemia B hypoglycemia C hypotension D hypernatremia answer a hyperkalemia rationale trimeth perm sulome oxisol can cause hyperemia as an adverse effect hypoglycemia B hypotension C and hypernatremia D are not commonly associated with this medication question 46 a patient with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome ards is being managed with prone positioning what is the primary benefit of prone positioning in ards a increases lung compliance B improves oxygenation C reduces carbon dioxide levels D enhances pulmonary blood flow answer B improves oxygenation rationale prone positioning helps to improve oxygenation by redistributing blood flow and ventilation reducing ventilator Associated lung injury and improving overall gas exchange increasing lung compliance a and enhancing pulmonary blood flow D are secondary benefits reducing carbon dioxide levels C can be an outcome of improved oxygenation but is not the primary reason for prone positioning question question 47 a patient with acute exacerbation of asthma is admitted to the emergency department the nurse notes the patient has difficulty speaking wheezing and a respiratory rate of 36 breaths per minute which of the following is the priority nursing intervention a administer intervenous corticosteroids B provide humidified oxygen C administer a short acting betag in by a nebulizer D perform Peak flow measurements answer C administer a short acting beta Agonist by a nebulizer rationale administering a short acting beta Agonist such as albuterol vion nebulizer is the priority to rapidly relieve bronos spasm and improve Airway patency intervenous corticosteroids a are important but not the immediate priority providing humidified oxygen B and Performing Peak flow measurements D are supportive measures but secondary to administering Bronco dilators question 48 a patient with chronic bronchitis presents with increased sputum production cyanosis and dpia the patient is prescribed aiyin what is the primary reason for prescribing this medication in chronic bronchitis a to reduce inflammation B to treat bacterial infection C to thin mucus secretions D to open the Airways answer B to treat bacterial infection rationale aiyin is an antibiotic prescribed to treat bacterial infections that can exacerbate chronic bronchitis it does not primarily reduce inflammation a thin mucus C or open the Airways D question 49 a patient with pulmonary fibrosis is being treated with phenidone asbet the nurse monitors the patient for potential side effects which of the following side effects is most commonly associated with peridone a hypertension b photosensitivity c hypoglycemia d renal insufficiency answer B photosensitivity rationale photosensitivity is a common side effect of profenid patients should be advised to avoid excessive sun exposure and use sun protection hypertension a hypoglycemia C and renal insufficiency D are not commonly associated with peridone question 50 a patient with acute resp respiratory failure is receiving mechanical ventilation the nurse notes a sudden drop in the patient's oxygen saturation and an increase and peak airway pressures what is the most appropriate initial action a check the endotracheal tube placement B increase the oxygen concentration C administer Bronco dilator D perform a chest x-ray answer a check the endotracheal tube placement rationale a sudden drop in oxygen saturation and increased Airway pressures can indicate issues with the endot tracheal tube such as displacement or obstruction checking the placement and patency of the tube is the first step increasing oxygen concentration B and administering a Bronco dilator C may be necessary but are secondary to ensuring proper tube placement perform in a chest x-ray D is diagnostic but not the immediate priority question 51 a patient with a history of COPD is admitted with an acute exacerbation the nurse notes that the patient's arterial blood gas ABG results are as follows pH 7.32 p255 mm of mercury hc3 28 mil equivalent per liter which of the following interventions is most appropriate a administering sodium bicarbonate B initiating non-invasive positive pressure ventilation nippv C increasing the oxygen flow rate D encouraging the patient to use an incentive spirometer answer B initiating non-invasive positive pressure ventilation nippv rationale the ABG result indicate respiratory acidosis with compensation suggesting the patient is in respiratory distress nippv can help improve ventilation and reduce CO2 levels administering sodium bicarbonate a is not appropriate for respiratory acidosis increasing the oxygen flow rate C might help but does not address ventilation using an incentive spirometer D is more preventive than corrective and acute exacerbations question 52 a patient with cystic fibrosis is admitted with an acute pulmonary exacerbation the nurse notes the patient has a productive cough and thick tenacious sputum which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate administering a dornes alpha pme B inhaled corticosteroids C long- acting beta agonists d systemic corticosteroids answer a dornes alpha pulmozyme rationale dornes Alpha is a mucolytic agent that helps to thin and loosen thick sputum which is beneficial in cystic fibrosis inhaled corticosteroids B and long- acting beta agonists C are used for chronic management systemic corticosteroids D are used for severe exacerbations but are not first treatment for sputum management question 53 a patient with pulmonary hypertension is started on selenophile raao which of the following statements by the patient indicates a need for further teaching a I can take this medication with or without food B I should avoid taking nitrates while on this medication C I may experience headaches as a side effect d B this medication will cure my pulmonary hypertension answer D this medication will cure my pulmonary hypertension rationale selenophile helps manage symptoms of pulmonary hypertension but does not cure the condition statements a b and c indicate correct understanding of the medication question 54 a patient with bronchiectasis is experiencing increased sputum production and dpia the nurse plans to perform chest physiotherapy which of the following is the primary purpose of this intervention a to reduce Airway inflammation B to loosen and mobilize secretions C to improve oxygenation D to prevent infection answer B to loosen and mobilize secretions rationale chest physiotherapy is primarily used to loosen and mobilize secretions in patients with bronchia acasis facilitating their clearance from the Airways it does not directly reduce inflammation a improve oxygenation C or prevent infection D question 55 a patient with a history of asthma presents with wheezing and shortness of breath the nurse administers a nebulized albuterol treatment which of the following side effects should the nurse monitor for a Brady cardia B hypertension C hyperkalemia D tardia answer D tardia rationale albuterol a beta Agonist can cause Tac cardia as a common side effect Brady cardia a hypertension B and hyperkalemia C are not typical side effects of Albuterol question 56 a patient with chronic bronchitis is experiencing an acute exacerbation the nurse notes the patient is cyanotic and has a respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute which of the following nursing interventions is most appropriate initially a administer a highlow oxygen mask B initiate intervenous corticosteroids C perform chest physiotherapy D administer a short acting beta Agonist by a nebulizer answer D administer a short acting beta Agonist by a nebulizer rationale administering a short acting beta Agonist by a nebulizer will help relieve Broncos spasm and improve air flow which is crucial in an acute exacerbation high flow oxygen a should be used cautiously to avoid suppressing the respiratory drive in chronic bronchitis intervenous corticosteroids B and chest physiotherapy C are important but not the immediate priority question 57 a patient with suspected tuberculosis TB presents with a chronic cough weight loss and night sweats which of the following diagnostic tests is most definitive for confirming TB a chest x-ray B sputum culture C tuberculin skin test TST D interfer on gamma release aay IG answer B sputum culture rationale a sputum culture is the most definitive test for confirming tuberculosis as it directly identifies the presence of microbacterium tuberculos is a chest x-ray a can suggest TB but is not definitive TST C and IG D indicate exposure to TB but do not confirm active infection question 58 a patient with asthma is being discharged with a new prescription for a lucot Trine receptor antagonist which of the following is the primary action of this medication a reduces Airway inflammation B dilates the bronchioles C thins mucus secretions D prevents bacterial infections answer a reduces Airway inflammation rationale gluc Trin receptor antagonists such as Montel cast reduce Airway inflammation and prevent asthma exacerbations they do not directly dilate bronchioles B thin mucus C or prevent bacterial infections D question 59 a patient with Advanced COPD is experiencing Co pulmonol which of the following symptoms should the nurse expect to find on assessment a jugular vein distension B bilateral crackles in the lungs C hyperresonance to percussion d decreas Central Venus pressure answer a jugular vein distension rationale core pulmonol or right-sided heart failure secondary to lung disease often presents with jugular vein distension due to increased Venus pressure bilateral crackles B and hyperresonance C are more indicative of lung pathology decreased Central Venus pressure D would not be expected question 60 a patient with pneumonia is receiving intervenous antibiotics the nurse is monitoring the patient's response to treatment which of the following lab values is most important to monitor a white blood cell WBC count B hemoglobin level C platelet count D serum electrolytes answer a white blood cell WBC count rationale monitoring the WBC count helps assess the patient response to antibiotic therapy and the resolution of infection hemoglobin level B platelet count C and serum electrolytes D are important but not directly related to infection monitoring question 61 a patient with pulmonary fibrosis is experiencing increased dpia and fatigue the healthc care provider prescribes oxygen therapy what is the primary goal of this therapy a to reduce carbon dioxide levels B to improve lung compliance C to maintain adequate oxygenation D to prevent respiratory infections answer C to maintain adequate oxygenation L the primary goal of oxygen therapy in pulmonary fibrosis is to maintain adequate oxygenation reducing carbon dioxide levels a and improving lung compliance B are secondary concerns preventing respiratory infections D is important but not the primary goal of oxygen therapy question 62 a patient with a plural affusion is scheduled for a thoracentesis what is the primary purpose of this procedure a to obtain a tissue biopsy B to instill medication into the plural space c to remove fluid from the plural space d to measure plural pressure answer C to remove fluid from the plural space rationale thoracentesis is performed to remove fluid from the plural space which can relieve symptoms and allow for Diagnostic analysis of the fluid it is not performed to obtain tissue biopsy a instill medication b or measure plural pressure D question 63 a patient with bronchia acasis is prescribed hypertonic saline nebulization what is the primary action of this treatment a to reduce Airway inflammation B to promote mucus clearance C to prevent bacterial infections D to dilate the Airways answer B to promote mucus clearance rationale hypertonic saline nebulization helps to hydrate and loosen mucus promoting its clearance from the Airways in patients with bronchiectasis it does not primarily reduce inflamation a prevent infections C or dilate the Airways d question 64 a patient with pulmonary embolism PE is started on warrin kumaden therapy the nurse teaches the patient about dietary considerations which of the following statements by the patient indicates correct understanding a I should increase my intake of green leafy vegetables B I need to avoid foods high in vitamin K C I should avoid eating dairy products D I can continue to drink alcohol in moderation answer B I need to avoid foods high in vitamin K rationale warrin Effectiveness can be affected by vitamin K intake patients should avoid sudden increases in foods high in vitamin K to maintain consistent blood levels increasing intake of green leafy vegetables a can interfere with warin dairy products C do not significantly affect warin alcohol intake D should be discussed with the health care provider as it can affect medication metabolism question 65 a patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is being treated with ninib ofv the nurse monitors the patient for which potential adverse effect a hypertension b hepatotoxicity c hypoglycemia D renal failure answer B hepatotoxicity rationale ninib can cause hepatotoxicity so liver function should be monitored regularly hypertension a hypoglycemia C and renal failure D are not primary concerns with NAD denib question 66 a patient with pulmonary hypertension is receiving an infusion of epoprostenol flon which of the following is the most important nursing consideration for this therapy a monitoring blood pressure closely B ensuring the infusion pump is functioning properly C administering the infusion via peripheral IV D monitoring for signs of hypoglycemia answer B ensuring the infusion pump is functioning properly rationale epoprostenol has a very short half-life and interruptions in the infusion can cause rebound pulmonary hypertension which can be life-threatening therefore ensuring the infusion pump is functioning properly is critical monitoring blood pressure a is important but secondary the infusion is typically administered via a central line not peripheral IV C monitoring for for hypoglycemia D is not relevant to Depo prosty therapy question 67 a patient with severe asthma is prescribed mamab zoler the nurse teaches the patient about this medication which statement by the patient indicates correct understanding a I will take this medication orally every day B I need to have regular blood tests to monitor my kidney function C I will receive this medication as an injection every 2 to 4 weeks D I can stop using my rescue inhaler once I start this medication answer C I will receive this medication as an injection every 2 to 4 weeks rationale omalizumab is administered as a subcutaneous injection every 2 to 4 weeks it is not taken orally a does not require regular kidney function tests B and does not replace the need for a rescue inhaler D question 68 a patient with Advanced COPD is experiencing chronic hypoxemia and polycythemia which of the following lab values would the nurse expect to find elevated a hemoglobin B white blood cell count C platelet count d serum electrolytes answer a hemoglobin rationale chronic hypoxemia in COPD can lead to polycythemia which is an increase in red blood cells and hemoglobin as a compensatory mechanism to improve oxygen transport white blood cell count B platelet count C and serum electrolytes D are not typically elevated due to Chronic hypoxemia question 69 a patient with cystic fibrosis is receiving tobery nebulization therapy what is the primary purpose of this treatment a to reduce Airway inflammation B to treat bacterial infections C to thin mucus secretions D to dilate the bronchioles answer B to treat bacterial infections rationale tobery is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections in patients with cystic fibrosis it does not primarily reduce inflammation a thin mucus C or dilate bronchioles D question 70 a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome ards is receiving mechanical ventilation with a high fraction of inspired oxygen F2 the nurse monitors the patient for potential complication ations which of the following is a common complication associated with high F2 a oxygen toxicity b hypoventilation c pulmonary embolism D metabolic alkalosis answer a oxygen toxicity rationale High F2 levels can lead to oxygen toxicity which can cause lung damage hypoventilation B pulmonary embolism C and metabolic alkalosis D are not directly associated with high F2 question 71 a patient with pulmonary embolism PE is receiving thrombolytic therapy the nurse monitors the patient for signs of bleeding which of the following is the most concerning finding a hemia b epistaxis c ecosis d hemoptisis answer D hemoptisis rationale hemoptisis or coughing up blood is particularly concerning in a patient receiving thrombolytic therapy as it can indicate significant bleeding in the lungs hemia a epistaxis b and ecosis c are also concerning but less immediately critical compared to hemoptisis question 72 a patient with interstitial lung disease is being evaluated for a lung transplant which of the following assessments is most important to determine the patient's eligibility for transplantation a pulmonary function tests pfts B arterial blood gas ABG analysis C c six-minute walk test D high resolution CT scan answer a pulmonary function tests pfts rationale pulmonary function tests are critical in evaluating the extent of lung disease and the patient's respiratory capacity which are key factors in determining eligibility for a lung transplant ABG analysis B six-minute walk test C and high resolution CT scan D are also important but secondary to pfts question 73 a patient with Advanced lung cancer is experiencing Superior venne Cava SVC syndrome which of the following symptoms should the nurse expect to find a facial edema and extended neck veins B hypotension and tachicardia C bilateral Al crackles in the lungs D abdominal distension and jaundice answer a facial edema and extended neck veins rationale SVC syndrome occurs when the superior venina Cava is compressed or abstracted leading to facial edema distended neck veins and upper body swelling hypotension and tachicardia B are not typical symptoms bilateral crackles C and abdominal distension with jaundice D are indicative of other conditions question 74 a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD is prescribed in held tiotropium Spa what is the primary action of this medication a reduces Airway inflammation B dilates the bronchioles C thins mucus secretions D prevents bacterial infections answer B dilates the bronchioles rationale tiotropium is a long-acting anticholinergic that helps to dilate the bronchioles improving air flow in patients with COPD it does not primarily reduce inflammation a thin mucus C or prevent infections D question 75 a patient with pulmonary fibrosis is experiencing severe dpia and fatigue the nurse notes the patient is on high flow oxygen therapy which of the following is the most important nursing intervention a monitor the patient for signs of oxygen toxicity B encourage the patient to increase physical activity C administer Bronco dilator D perform chest Physiotherapy and answer a monitor the patient for signs of oxygen toxicity rationale highflow oxygen therapy can lead to oxygen toxicity so monitoring for signs such as confusion restlessness and respiratory distress is crucial increasing physical activity B may not be feasible due to the patient condition administering a Bronco dilator C and Performing chest physiotherapy D are supportive measures but secondary to monitoring for toxicity

hi everyone this is Nurse Anna from nurse study.net and here we have 75 questions regarding the respiratory system and disorders uh with the answers in rationale would you like free audio books click the link in the description question one a 70-year-old patient with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD is admitted to the hospital with worsening dmia and productive cough the nurse notes the patient has a respiratory rate of 28 breaths per minute and oscilation reveals wheezing and decreased breath sounds which of the following nursing interventions is most appropriate initially a administer Oxygen by a nasal canula at 2 L per minute B prepare for endotracheal intubation C encourage the patient to perform P lip breathing D obtain a sputum culture for analysis answer a administer Oxygen by a nasal canula at 2 L per minute rationale in patients with COPD maintaining adequate oxygenation is crucial administering oxygen at a low flow rate helps to avoid suppressing the patient&#39;s respiratory drive while improving oxygen saturation p flip breathing C can help but is not the initial priority preparing for intubation B is premature without further assessment and obtaining a sputum culture D is important but not the first step in an acute situation question two a patient with pneumonia is receiving IV antibiotics the nurse is reviewing the patient most recent arterial blood gas ABG results pH 7.30 P2 50 mm of mercury hc3 is 24 mil equivalent per liter which of the following actions should the nurse take first a increase the oxygen flow rate B notify the health care provider C assist the patient in deep breathing exercises D administer sodium bicarbonate answer B notify the healthc care provider rationale the ab G results indicate respiratory acidosis which suggests the patient is not ventilating adequately the healthcare provider needs to be notified to assess the patient and potentially adjust the treatment plan increasing the oxygen flow rate a without provider guidance could lead to further issues deep breathing exercises C can be helpful but are not the first priority and administering sodium bicarbonate D is not appropriate in this context as the primary issue is respiratory not metabolic question three a patient with asthma is experiencing an acute exacerbation the nurse notes that the patient is using accessory muscles to breathe has an oxygen saturation of 88% and is unable to speak in full sentences which of the following is the nurse&#39;s priority intervention a administer a short acting beta Agonist Saba inhaler B perform chest physio therapy C place the patient in a high fow&#39;s position D prepare for mechanical ventilation answer a administer a short acting beta Agonist Saba inhaler rationale administering a Saba inhaler such as albuterol is the priority as it will help to quickly relieve bronos spasm and improve Airway patency placing the patient in a high fow&#39;s position C can help with breathing but is secondary to medication administration chest physiotherapy B is not appropriate during an acute asthma exacerbation and preparing for mechanical ventilation D may be necessary if the patient does not respond to initial treatment but is not the first step question four a 60-year-old patient with a history of pulmonary fibrosis presents with increasing shortness of breath and dry cough the patient is receiving supplement Al oxygen at 4 L per minute bya nasal canula but continues to have low oxygen saturation levels what is the most appropriate nursing action a increase the oxygen flow rate to 6 L per minute B encourage the patient to use an incentive spirometer C prepare for non-invasive positive pressure ventilation NIV D administer a Bronco dilator nebul izer treatment answer C prepare for non-invasive positive pressure ventilation nippv rationale for a patient with pulmonary fibrosis experiencing worsening respiratory status despite supplemental oxygen ni ippv can provide better oxygenation and support ventilation without intubation increasing the oxygen flow rate a may not be effective due to the underlying pathology incentive spirometry B is more useful in preventing atelectasis post-operatively and a Bronco dilator D might not be effective in fibrotic lung disease question five a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome ards is on a mechanical ventilator the nurse notes that the patient Peak inspiratory pressure has been steadily increasing what is the most appropriate initial nursing action a suction the patient endot tracheal tube B increase the tidal volume on the ventilator C check the ventilator tubing for Kinks or obstructions D administer a sedative to the patient answer C check the ventilator tubing for Kinks or obstructions rationale an increase in Peak inspiratory pressure can be caused by an obstruction in the ventilator tubing or patient Airway checking for Kinks or obstructions is a simple and quick way to identify and potentially resolve the issue suctioning the patient a is appropriate if there are secretions but checking the tubing should come first increasing the tital volume B is not appropriate without addressing the cause of the increased pressure and administering a sedative D does not address the potential mechanical issue question six a 55-year-old patient with a history of heart fail is admitted with acute pulmonary edema the patient is extremely anxious with a respiratory rate of 32 breaths per minute and a frothy pink sputum which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate the healthc care provider to order first a furosemide Lasix B morphine C albuterol D norepinephrine answer a furosemide Lasix rationel furosemide a loop diuretic will help reduce pulmonary congestion by promoting diuresis morphine B can help reduce anxiety and decrease pre-load but it is not the first line treatment albuterol C is not indicated for pulmonary edema and norepinephrine D is used for hypotension and shock not for pulmonary edema question s a 40-year-old patient with cystic fibrosis presents with increased shortness of breath fever and thick green sputum the patient is currently receiving chest Physiotherapy and pancreatic enzyme supplements what is the priority nursing action a increase the frequency of chest physiotherapy sessions B obtain a sputum culture for bacterial analysis C admit Minister intervenous antibiotics as ordered D encourage the patient to perform deep breathing exercises answer C administer intervenous antibiotics as ordered rationale the priority in this scenario is to treat the infection causing the patient symptoms administering antibiotics is crucial to managing the infection increasing chest physiotherapy a and deep breathing exercises D are supportive measures but treating the infection is primary obtaining autum culture B is important but should not delay the administration of antibiotics question 8 a patient with chronic bronchitis is admitted with an acute exacerbation the nurse notes the patient has a productive cough wheezing and cyanosis which of the following ABG results would the nurse expect to find in this patient a pH 7.50 P2 30 mm of mercury hc3 22 mil equivalent per liter B pH 7.35 P2 45 mm of mercury H3 26 mil equivalent per liter C pH 7.30 P2 60 mm of mercury hc3 28 mil equivalent per liter D pH 7.45 p240 mm of mercury h324 mil equivalent per liter answer C pH 7.30 P2 60 mm of mercury hc3 28 M equivalent per liter rationale chronic bronchitis often leads to respiratory acidosis due to hypoventilation and carbon dioxide retention therefore a lower pH and elevated P2 with a compensatory increase in hc3 is expected options A and D indicate respiratory alkalosis or normal values and B represents Normal ABG values question nine a patient with tuberculosis TB is started on iasd inh and refampin the nurse provides patient education on these medications which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching a I will need to take these medications for at least 6 months B I should avoid alcohol while taking these medications C I can stop taking the medications once my symptoms improve D I need to report any yellowing of my skin or eyes to my healthcare provider answer C I can stop taking the medications once my symptoms improve rationale TB treatment requires strict adherence to the medication regimen for the entire duration prescribed even if symptoms improve to prevent resistance and ensure eradication of the bacteria statements a b and d are correct and show understanding of the medication regimen and potential side effects question 10 a patient with a recent diagnosis of lung cancer is experiencing a plural aus us usion the patient is scheduled for a thoracentesis which of the following should the nurse include in the pre-procedure teaching a the procedure will be performed under general anesthesia B the patient will need to lie on their side during the procedure C the procedure involves inserting a needle into the plural space to remove fluid D the patient should avoid eating or drinking for 12 hours before the procedure answer C the procedure involves inserting a needle into the plural space to remove fluid rationale thoracentesis involves the insertion of a needle into the plural space to remove fluid the procedure is usually performed under local anesthesia a is incorrect the patient is typically positioned sitting upright and leaning forward B is incorrect and there are no specific fasting requirements D is incorrect question 11 a 65-year-old patient with a history of smoking presents with hemoptisis weight loss and chronic cough a chest x-ray reveals a mass in the right lung what is the priority nursing intervention for this patient a educate the patient on smoking sensation B prepare the patient for a broncoscopy c encourage the patient to increase fluid intake D schedule the patient for pulmonary Rehabilitation answer B prepare the patient for a broncoscopy rationale a broncoscopy will allow for direct visualization of the mass and enable biopsy for definitive diagnosis smoking cessation education a is important but not the priority at this moment increasing fluid intake C and Pulmonary rehabilitation D are supportive measures but secondary to obtaining a diagnosis question 12 a patient with pulmonary embolism PE is started on intervenous Heparin the nurse is monitoring the patient lab results which lab value is the nurse most concerned with to evaluate the effectiveness of Heparin therapy a platelet count B hemoglobin level C activate partial thromboplastin time a d Pro thrombin time PT answer C activated partial thromboplastin time apt rationale apt is used to monitor the effectiveness of Hein therapy and to ensure the patient is within the therapeutic range platelet count a hemoglobin level B and PT D are important but do not specifically monitor peine Effectiveness question 13 a patient with newly diagnosed pulmonary hypertension is started on a calcium channel blocker which of the following is the most important patient teaching point for this medication a take your medication with a full glass of water B monitor your blood pressure regularly C avoid grapefruit juice while taking this medication d report any swelling of the ankles or feet to your health care provider answer B monitor your blood pressure regularly rationale calcium channel blockers can lower blood pressure and regular monitoring is important to prevent hypotension taking medication with water a is good advice but not the most critical avoiding grapefruit juice C is important but secondary and Reporting swelling D is also important but not the priority teaching point question 14 a patient is admitted with an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis the patient has a history of smoking and presents with increased sputum production wheezing and hypoxemia which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate administering first a inhaled corticosteroid B long- acting beta Agonist labba C short acting bet Agonist Saba D oral theopen answer C short acting bet Agonist Saba rationale a Saba such as albuterol is used for quick relief of Broncos spasm and wheezing in an acute exacerbation inhaled corticosteroids A and labas B are used for long-term management and theopen D is not typically used for acute exacerbations question 15 a patient with Advanced stage lung cancer is experiencing severe dpia and anxiety the healthc care provider orders morphine sulfate what is the primary reason for administering morphine in this case a to reduce pain B to relieve anxiety C to decrease the sensation of dpia d to reduce coughing answer C to decrease the sensation of dmia rationale morphine can reduce the sensation of breathlessness which is particularly important for patients with severe dmia while it also reduces pain a and anxiety B the primary reason in this context is to alleviate dpia it does not specifically reduce coughing D question 16 a third 30-year-old patient with asthma is being discharged with a new prescription for an inhaled corticosteroid which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching a I should use this inhaler every day even if I feel well B I need to rinse my mouth after using this inhaler C I can use this inhaler for quick relief during an asthma attack D I should not stop using this inhaler without Consulting my health care provider answer C I can use this inhaler for quick relief during an asthma attack rationale inhaled corticosteroids are for long-term control and not for quick relief during an asthma attack quick relief is provided by short acting bet agonists statements a b and d indicate correct understanding question 17 a patient with interstitial lung disease is experiencing worsening dpia and fatigue the nurse notes crackles upon oscilation which diagnostic test is most likely to provide definitive information about the extent of the disease a chest x-ray B pulmonary function tests pfts C high resolution CT scan D arterial blood gas ABG analysis answer C high resolution CT scan rationale highresolution CT scans provide detailed images of the lung tissue and are most useful in diagnosing and assessing the extent of interstitial lung disease chest x-ray A and pfts B are helpful but not as definitive ABG analysis D evaluates gas exchange but does not provide detailed information about lung tissue question 18 a patient with suspected Puma thorax presents with sudden onset of chest pain and dpia the nurse observes tracheal deviation to the left side which of the following interventions should the nurse anticipate a administration of high flow oxygen B chest tube insertion C needle decompression D administration of analgesics answer C needle decompression rationale tracheal deviation in the context of a suspected pneumothorax indicates tension pneumothorax which is a medical emergency needle decompression is performed to relieve the pressure immediately high flow oxygen a and chest tube insertion B are important but follow initial emergency decompression analgesics D are supportive but but not the primary intervention question 19 a patient with a history of COPD is prescribed tiotropium Spiriva which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the patient teaching a use this inhaler during an acute asthma attack B rinse your mouth after using this inhaler C this medication should be taken once daily D increase your fluid intake while using this medication answer C this medication should be taken once daily rationale tiotropium is a long-acting anticholinergic that is taken once daily for maintenance therapy in COPD it is not for use during acute attacks a rinsing the mouth B is typically advised with inhaled corticosteroids to prevent oral thresh not necessary for anticholinergics inreasing fluid intake D is generally good advice but not specific to tiotropium question 20 a 45-year-old patient with sarcoidosis is experiencing worsening cough and shortness of breath the nurse reviews the patient lab results and notes elevated calcium levels what is the most appropriate nursing intervention a encourage increased fluid intake B prepare the patient for a bronos op opy C administer intravenous corticosteroids D educate the patient about a low calcium diet answer a encourage increased fluid intake rationale elevated calcium levels can be a complication of sarcoidosis increasing fluid intake helps to dilute the calcium and prevent kidney stones preparing for broncoscopy b or admin mining corticosteroids C may be necessary for the disease management but are not directly related to hypercalcemia management educating about a low calcium diet D is also important but not the immediate priority question 21 a patient with acute respiratory failure is receiving mechanical ventilation the nurse notices a sudden drop in the patient oxygen saturation and an increase in peak airway pressures which of the following should the nurse do first a check the patient&#39;s endot tracheal tube for displacement B increase the oxygen flow rate C administer Bronco dilator D call the respiratory therapist for assistance answer a check the patient&#39;s endot tracheal tube for displacement rationale a sudden drop in oxygen saturation and increased Airway pressures can indicate a problem with the endot tracheal tube such as displacement or obstruction checking the tube should be the first action increasing oxygen flow rate b or administering a Bronco dilator C does not address the potential cause calling for assistance D is appropriate but comes after initial assessment question 22 a patient with pulmonary embolism is receiving anti-coagulant therapy the nurse notes that the patient&#39;s activated partial thromboplastin time apt is significantly elevated what is the most appropriate action a continue the current Hein infusion rate B administer protamine sulfate C increase the Hein infusion rate D notify the healthcare provider answer D notify the health healthare provider rationale a significantly elevated apt indicates that the patient is at risk for bleeding complications the healthc care provider needs to be notified to adjust the Heparin dosage or consider other interventions continuing the current infusion rate a or increasing it C would increase the risk of bleeding administering protamine sulfate B is an antidote for Hein overdose but should only be done under the provider&#39;s direction question 23 a patient with Advanced empyema is experiencing severe dmia at rest the nurse notes a barrel chest and P lip breathing which of the following should be the primary goal for this patient care a increase physical activity levels B maintain adequate oxygenation C reduce fluid intake D encourage smoking cessation answer B maintain adequate oxygenation rationale the primary goal for a patient with Advanced empyema is to maintain adequate oxygenation physical activity a and smoking cessation D are important but secondary reducing fluid intake C is not typically a primary goal for empyema unless there are other specific medical indications question 25 four a 50-year-old patient with a history of asthma is admitted with status asthmaticus the patient is receiving continuous nebulized albuterol the nurse notes a heart rate of 120 beats per minute and palpitations what is the most appropriate nursing action a stop the albuterol treatment immediately B notify the healthc care provider and continue to monitor C administer a dose of a beta blocker D switch to an oral form of Albuterol answer B notify the healthc care provider and continue to monitor rationale albuterol can cause tacac cardia and palpitations as side effects the health care provider should be notified and the patient should be monitored closely stopping the treatment immediately a could worsen the asthma symptoms administering a beta blocker C could exacerbate asthma and switching to an oral form D would not address the acute situation question 25 a patient with bronchia acasis is admitted with a productive cough and thick F smelling sputum which diagnostic test is most important to determine the causitive agent of the infection a sputum culture and sensitivity B chest x-ray C complete blood count CBC D arterial blood gas ABG analysis answer a sputum culture and sensitivity rationale a sputum culture and sensitivity test will identify the causitive agent of the infection and determine the most effective antibiotic therapy a chest x-ray B can show structural changes but not the causitive agent CBC C can indicate infection but not the specific pathogen ABG analysis D assesses gas exchange but not the pathogen question 26 a patient with cystic fibrosis CF is admitted with an acute pulmonary exacerbation the nurse is preparing to administer Dorn&#39;s Alpha pulmozyme what is the primary action of this medication a redu Airway inflammation B Thins and loosens mucus in the Airways C prevents bacterial infections D dilates the bronchioles answer B Thins and loosens mucus in the Airways rationale Dorn Alpha is a mucc agent that helps to thin and loosen mucus in the Airways improving clearance and reducing the risk of infection it does not directly reduce inflammation a prevent infections C or dilate bronchioles D question 27 a patient with pneumonia is receiving supplemental Oxygen by a nasal canula at 4 L per minute the nurse notes the patient is still experiencing dpia and has an oxygen saturation of 90% which of the following actions should the nurse take next a increase the oxygen flow rate to 6 L per minute B switch to a non-rebreather mask C administer Bronco dilator D reposition the patient to a high fow&#39;s position answer B switch to a non-rebreather mask rationale switching to a non-rebreather mask will deliver a higher concentration of oxygen to the patient increasing the flow rate of the nasal canula a may not be sufficient administering a Bronco dilator C may help of Broncos spasm is present but is not the first action repositioning to a high Fowler&#39;s position D can help with breathing but is secondary to increasing oxygen delivery question 28 a patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is prescribed per phenidone esbriet which of the following should the nurse include in the patient education about this medication a take this medication on an empty stomach B this medication will cure your condition C avoid excessive sun exposure while taking this medication D you will need regular blood tests to monitor kidney function answer C avoid excessive sun exposure while taking this medication rationale profenid can increase sensitivity to sunlight so patients should avoid excessive sun exposure and use sun protection it should be taken with food to reduce gastrointestinal side effects a is incorrect the medication helps to slow disease progression but does not cure it B is incorrect regular liver function tests are required D is partially correct but kidney function is not the primary concern question 29 a patient with a suspected pulmonary embolism is scheduled for a ventilation profusion VQ scan what is the purpose of this diagnostic test a to assess the oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood B to detect areas of the lungs that are receiving too little air or blood flow C to measure lung volumes and capacities D to visualize the blood vessels in the lungs answer B to detect areas of the lungs that are receiving too little air or blood flow rationale a VQ skan helps to identify areas of the lungs with mismatched ventilation and perfusion which is useful in diagnosing pulmonary embolism it does not directly assess blood gas levels a measure lung volumes C or visualize blood vessels D question 30 a patient with obstructive sleep apnea Osa is being being treated with continuous positive airway pressure CPAP the nurse provides education on the use of CPAP which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching a I should use my CPAP machine every night even if I feel fine B the CPAP machine will keep my Airways open while I sleep C I can stop using the CPAP machine if I lose weight D I need to clean the CPAP mask and tubing regularly answer C I can stop using the CPAP machine if I lose weight rationale while weight loss can improve Osa symptoms it does not guarantee that CPAP will no longer be needed patients should continue using CPAP unless otherwise directed by their healthc care provider statements a b and d indicate correct understanding question 31 a patient with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD is experiencing respiratory failure and is placed on mechanical ventilation the healthc care provider orders a spontaneous breathing trial SBT what is the purpose of an SBT a to measure the patient lung capacity B to assess the patient ability to breathe without ventilatory support C to determine the effectiveness of Bronco dilator therapy therapy D to evaluate the patient gas exchange efficiency answer B to assess the patient ability to breathe without ventilatory support rationale an SBT is conducted to assess whether a patient can breathe independently without mechanical ventilation it does not measure lung capacity a determine Bronco dilator Effectiveness C or evaluate gas exchange efficiency D directly question 32 a patient with puitis is experiencing severe putic chest pain which of the following interventions is most appropriate to manage the patient pain a administering non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and saids B encouraging deep breathing exercises C applying heat to the chest D providing oxygen therapy answer a administering non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and seds rationale nids are effective in managing putic pain due to their anti-inflammatory properties deep breathing exercises B can help with lung expansion but may increase pain applying heat C is not typically recommended for putic pain and oxygen therapy D addresses hypoxemia not pain question 33 a patient with lung cancer is receiving pallative care and is experiencing dmia the nurse notes the patient is anxious and breathing rapidly which of the following interventions is most appropriate to help relieve the patient&#39;s dmia a increasing the oxygen flow rate B administering a Bronco dilator C providing lotos morphine D positioning the patient flat answer C providing Loos morphine rationale lotos morphine is effective in relieving dmia by decreasing the sensation of breathlessness and reducing anxiety increasing the oxygen flow rate a might help but is not always effective for dpia of terminal lung disease administering a Bronco dilator B is not appropriate unless bronos spasm is present positioning the patient flat D can worsen dmia question 34 a patient with a suspected Puma thorax is undergoing a chest tube insertion the nurse&#39;s role during this procedure includes a administering sedation and analgesia as ordered B assisting with the insertion by holding the patient still C ensuring all necessary equipment is still sterile and ready D monitoring the patient Vital Signs and oxygen saturation answer D monitoring the patient Vital Signs and oxygen saturation rationale monitoring the patient Vital Signs and oxygen saturation is crucial during chest tube insertion to detect any complications administering sedation and analgesia a and assisting with the procedure B are important but secondary roles ensuring sterile equipment C is the responsibility of the entire team but is not the primary nursing role question 35 a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD is prescribed roast Dorp what is the primary action of this medication a reduces Airway inflammation B dilates the bronchioles C thins mucous secretions D prevents bacterial infections answer a reduces Airway inflammation rationale roast is a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor that reduces Airway inflammation which can help prevent COPD exacerbations it does not dilate bronchials B thin mucus C or prevent bacterial infections d question 36 a patient with pulmonary arterial hypertension phah is prescribed Bostin trackler what important Laboratory test should the nurse monitor while the patient is on this medication a complete blood count CBC B liver function tests lfts C renal function tests D coagulation profile answer B liver function tests lfts rationale Bostin can cause liver toxicity so regular monitoring of liver function tests is essential while CBC a renal function C and coagulation profile D are important they are not specifically indicated for monitoring bosentan therapy question 37 a patient with pulmonary embolism is receiving low molecular weight Hein lmw therapy the nurse teaches the patient about this medication which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching a I need to inject this medication into the fatty tissue of my abdomen B I should avoid taking aspirin or other NSAIDs without consulting my health care provider C I will need regular blood tests to monitor my aptt levels D I should watch for signs of bleeding such as unusual bruising or bleeding gums answer C I will need regular blood tests to monitor my apt levels rationale lmw does not require regular monitoring of Apt levels unlike unfractionated Hein statements a b andd indicate correct understanding question 38 a patient with the history of asthma is using a peak flow meter at home which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the patient teaching a use the peak flow meter before taking any asthma medications B record the highest of three readings each time you use the meter C use the peak flow meter once a week D perform the test while lying down for best results answer B record the highest of three readings each time you use the meter rationale the correct procedure for using a peak flow meter includes recording the highest of three readings the meter should be used daily C is incorrect and the test should be performed standing or sitting up not lying down D the meter is typically used after taking medications to monitor their effectiveness a is incorrect question 39 a patient with Advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD is experiencing hypercapnic respiratory failure the nurse is preparing to initiate non-invasive positive pressure ventilation nippv what is the primary goal of nip PV in this patient a to increase oxygenation B to reduce carbon dioxide levels C to improve lung compliance D to prevent the need for intubation answer B to reduce carbon dioxide levels rationale the primary goal of nippv in hypercapnic respiratory failure is to reduce carbon dioxide levels by improving ventilation while it may also improve oxygenation a and prevent the need for intubation D the main purpose is to address hypercapnia improving lung compliance C is not the primary goal question 40 a patient with Advanced stage lung cancer is experiencing significant plural affusion which of the following symptoms would the nurse expect to find on assessment a decreased breath sounds on the affected side B increased fitus on the affected side C hyperresonance to percussion on the affected side d by lateral crackles answer a decreased breath sounds on the affected side rationale plural affusion typically causes decreased breath sounds on the affected side due to fluid in the plural space increased fitus B and hyperresonance C are not expected findings in plural affusion bilateral crackles D would suggest a different pathology such as heart failure question 41 a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome ards is being treated with mechanical ventilation and positive end expiratory pressure peep the nurse notes a sudden drop in blood pressure what is the most likely cause of this finding a increased intrathoracic pressure from peep B hypovolemia due to fluid shifts C adverse reaction to sedative medications D increased oxygen Demand by the tissues answer a increased inter thoracic pressure from peep rationale peep can increase inter thoracic pressure which can decrease Venus return to the heart and result in a drop in blood pressure hypovolemia B adverse reactions to medications C and increased oxygen demand D are less likely causes in this scenario question 42 a patient with pulmonary hypertension is experiencing right-sided heart failure which of the following symptoms should the nurse expect to find on assessment a crackles in the lungs B peripheral edema C elevated left atrial pressure D decreased Central Venus pressure answer B peripheral edema rationale right-sided heart failure commonly leads to peripheral edema due to Venus congestion crackles in the lungs a and elevated left atrial pressure C are more indicative of left-sided heart failure decreased central venous pressure D would not be expected it would more likely be increased question 43 a patient with Advanced COPD is prescribed supplemental oxygen at home which of the following treatments by the patient indicates a need for further teaching a I should use my oxygen all the time even when I&#39;m feeling fine B I can adjust the flow rate if I feel short of breath C I need to keep my oxygen equipment away from open Flames D I should notify my healthc care provider if I experience increased shortness of breath answer B I can adjust the flow rate if I feel short of breath rationale patients should not adjust their oxygen flow rate without consulting their healthc care provider statements a c and d indicate correct understanding question 44 a patient with acute respiratory failure is on mechanical ventilation the nurse notes an increase in the patient peak airway pressures what is the most appropriate initial nursing action a check for kinks in the ventilator tubing B increase the tital volume C administer Bronco dilator D suction the patient Airway answer a check for kinks in the ventilator tubing rationale checking for Kinks or obstructions in the ventilator tubing is the first step when peak airway pressures increase increasing the tital volume B is not a appropriate without further assessment administering a Bronco dilator C or suctioning the airway D may be necessary but should follow checking the tubing question 45 a patient with pumac syus pneumonia PCP is receiving trimeth suth oxisol berrum which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor for a hyperkalemia B hypoglycemia C hypotension D hypernatremia answer a hyperkalemia rationale trimeth perm sulome oxisol can cause hyperemia as an adverse effect hypoglycemia B hypotension C and hypernatremia D are not commonly associated with this medication question 46 a patient with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome ards is being managed with prone positioning what is the primary benefit of prone positioning in ards a increases lung compliance B improves oxygenation C reduces carbon dioxide levels D enhances pulmonary blood flow answer B improves oxygenation rationale prone positioning helps to improve oxygenation by redistributing blood flow and ventilation reducing ventilator Associated lung injury and improving overall gas exchange increasing lung compliance a and enhancing pulmonary blood flow D are secondary benefits reducing carbon dioxide levels C can be an outcome of improved oxygenation but is not the primary reason for prone positioning question question 47 a patient with acute exacerbation of asthma is admitted to the emergency department the nurse notes the patient has difficulty speaking wheezing and a respiratory rate of 36 breaths per minute which of the following is the priority nursing intervention a administer intervenous corticosteroids B provide humidified oxygen C administer a short acting betag in by a nebulizer D perform Peak flow measurements answer C administer a short acting beta Agonist by a nebulizer rationale administering a short acting beta Agonist such as albuterol vion nebulizer is the priority to rapidly relieve bronos spasm and improve Airway patency intervenous corticosteroids a are important but not the immediate priority providing humidified oxygen B and Performing Peak flow measurements D are supportive measures but secondary to administering Bronco dilators question 48 a patient with chronic bronchitis presents with increased sputum production cyanosis and dpia the patient is prescribed aiyin what is the primary reason for prescribing this medication in chronic bronchitis a to reduce inflammation B to treat bacterial infection C to thin mucus secretions D to open the Airways answer B to treat bacterial infection rationale aiyin is an antibiotic prescribed to treat bacterial infections that can exacerbate chronic bronchitis it does not primarily reduce inflammation a thin mucus C or open the Airways D question 49 a patient with pulmonary fibrosis is being treated with phenidone asbet the nurse monitors the patient for potential side effects which of the following side effects is most commonly associated with peridone a hypertension b photosensitivity c hypoglycemia d renal insufficiency answer B photosensitivity rationale photosensitivity is a common side effect of profenid patients should be advised to avoid excessive sun exposure and use sun protection hypertension a hypoglycemia C and renal insufficiency D are not commonly associated with peridone question 50 a patient with acute resp respiratory failure is receiving mechanical ventilation the nurse notes a sudden drop in the patient&#39;s oxygen saturation and an increase and peak airway pressures what is the most appropriate initial action a check the endotracheal tube placement B increase the oxygen concentration C administer Bronco dilator D perform a chest x-ray answer a check the endotracheal tube placement rationale a sudden drop in oxygen saturation and increased Airway pressures can indicate issues with the endot tracheal tube such as displacement or obstruction checking the placement and patency of the tube is the first step increasing oxygen concentration B and administering a Bronco dilator C may be necessary but are secondary to ensuring proper tube placement perform in a chest x-ray D is diagnostic but not the immediate priority question 51 a patient with a history of COPD is admitted with an acute exacerbation the nurse notes that the patient&#39;s arterial blood gas ABG results are as follows pH 7.32 p255 mm of mercury hc3 28 mil equivalent per liter which of the following interventions is most appropriate a administering sodium bicarbonate B initiating non-invasive positive pressure ventilation nippv C increasing the oxygen flow rate D encouraging the patient to use an incentive spirometer answer B initiating non-invasive positive pressure ventilation nippv rationale the ABG result indicate respiratory acidosis with compensation suggesting the patient is in respiratory distress nippv can help improve ventilation and reduce CO2 levels administering sodium bicarbonate a is not appropriate for respiratory acidosis increasing the oxygen flow rate C might help but does not address ventilation using an incentive spirometer D is more preventive than corrective and acute exacerbations question 52 a patient with cystic fibrosis is admitted with an acute pulmonary exacerbation the nurse notes the patient has a productive cough and thick tenacious sputum which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate administering a dornes alpha pme B inhaled corticosteroids C long- acting beta agonists d systemic corticosteroids answer a dornes alpha pulmozyme rationale dornes Alpha is a mucolytic agent that helps to thin and loosen thick sputum which is beneficial in cystic fibrosis inhaled corticosteroids B and long- acting beta agonists C are used for chronic management systemic corticosteroids D are used for severe exacerbations but are not first treatment for sputum management question 53 a patient with pulmonary hypertension is started on selenophile raao which of the following statements by the patient indicates a need for further teaching a I can take this medication with or without food B I should avoid taking nitrates while on this medication C I may experience headaches as a side effect d B this medication will cure my pulmonary hypertension answer D this medication will cure my pulmonary hypertension rationale selenophile helps manage symptoms of pulmonary hypertension but does not cure the condition statements a b and c indicate correct understanding of the medication question 54 a patient with bronchiectasis is experiencing increased sputum production and dpia the nurse plans to perform chest physiotherapy which of the following is the primary purpose of this intervention a to reduce Airway inflammation B to loosen and mobilize secretions C to improve oxygenation D to prevent infection answer B to loosen and mobilize secretions rationale chest physiotherapy is primarily used to loosen and mobilize secretions in patients with bronchia acasis facilitating their clearance from the Airways it does not directly reduce inflammation a improve oxygenation C or prevent infection D question 55 a patient with a history of asthma presents with wheezing and shortness of breath the nurse administers a nebulized albuterol treatment which of the following side effects should the nurse monitor for a Brady cardia B hypertension C hyperkalemia D tardia answer D tardia rationale albuterol a beta Agonist can cause Tac cardia as a common side effect Brady cardia a hypertension B and hyperkalemia C are not typical side effects of Albuterol question 56 a patient with chronic bronchitis is experiencing an acute exacerbation the nurse notes the patient is cyanotic and has a respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute which of the following nursing interventions is most appropriate initially a administer a highlow oxygen mask B initiate intervenous corticosteroids C perform chest physiotherapy D administer a short acting beta Agonist by a nebulizer answer D administer a short acting beta Agonist by a nebulizer rationale administering a short acting beta Agonist by a nebulizer will help relieve Broncos spasm and improve air flow which is crucial in an acute exacerbation high flow oxygen a should be used cautiously to avoid suppressing the respiratory drive in chronic bronchitis intervenous corticosteroids B and chest physiotherapy C are important but not the immediate priority question 57 a patient with suspected tuberculosis TB presents with a chronic cough weight loss and night sweats which of the following diagnostic tests is most definitive for confirming TB a chest x-ray B sputum culture C tuberculin skin test TST D interfer on gamma release aay IG answer B sputum culture rationale a sputum culture is the most definitive test for confirming tuberculosis as it directly identifies the presence of microbacterium tuberculos is a chest x-ray a can suggest TB but is not definitive TST C and IG D indicate exposure to TB but do not confirm active infection question 58 a patient with asthma is being discharged with a new prescription for a lucot Trine receptor antagonist which of the following is the primary action of this medication a reduces Airway inflammation B dilates the bronchioles C thins mucus secretions D prevents bacterial infections answer a reduces Airway inflammation rationale gluc Trin receptor antagonists such as Montel cast reduce Airway inflammation and prevent asthma exacerbations they do not directly dilate bronchioles B thin mucus C or prevent bacterial infections D question 59 a patient with Advanced COPD is experiencing Co pulmonol which of the following symptoms should the nurse expect to find on assessment a jugular vein distension B bilateral crackles in the lungs C hyperresonance to percussion d decreas Central Venus pressure answer a jugular vein distension rationale core pulmonol or right-sided heart failure secondary to lung disease often presents with jugular vein distension due to increased Venus pressure bilateral crackles B and hyperresonance C are more indicative of lung pathology decreased Central Venus pressure D would not be expected question 60 a patient with pneumonia is receiving intervenous antibiotics the nurse is monitoring the patient&#39;s response to treatment which of the following lab values is most important to monitor a white blood cell WBC count B hemoglobin level C platelet count D serum electrolytes answer a white blood cell WBC count rationale monitoring the WBC count helps assess the patient response to antibiotic therapy and the resolution of infection hemoglobin level B platelet count C and serum electrolytes D are important but not directly related to infection monitoring question 61 a patient with pulmonary fibrosis is experiencing increased dpia and fatigue the healthc care provider prescribes oxygen therapy what is the primary goal of this therapy a to reduce carbon dioxide levels B to improve lung compliance C to maintain adequate oxygenation D to prevent respiratory infections answer C to maintain adequate oxygenation L the primary goal of oxygen therapy in pulmonary fibrosis is to maintain adequate oxygenation reducing carbon dioxide levels a and improving lung compliance B are secondary concerns preventing respiratory infections D is important but not the primary goal of oxygen therapy question 62 a patient with a plural affusion is scheduled for a thoracentesis what is the primary purpose of this procedure a to obtain a tissue biopsy B to instill medication into the plural space c to remove fluid from the plural space d to measure plural pressure answer C to remove fluid from the plural space rationale thoracentesis is performed to remove fluid from the plural space which can relieve symptoms and allow for Diagnostic analysis of the fluid it is not performed to obtain tissue biopsy a instill medication b or measure plural pressure D question 63 a patient with bronchia acasis is prescribed hypertonic saline nebulization what is the primary action of this treatment a to reduce Airway inflammation B to promote mucus clearance C to prevent bacterial infections D to dilate the Airways answer B to promote mucus clearance rationale hypertonic saline nebulization helps to hydrate and loosen mucus promoting its clearance from the Airways in patients with bronchiectasis it does not primarily reduce inflamation a prevent infections C or dilate the Airways d question 64 a patient with pulmonary embolism PE is started on warrin kumaden therapy the nurse teaches the patient about dietary considerations which of the following statements by the patient indicates correct understanding a I should increase my intake of green leafy vegetables B I need to avoid foods high in vitamin K C I should avoid eating dairy products D I can continue to drink alcohol in moderation answer B I need to avoid foods high in vitamin K rationale warrin Effectiveness can be affected by vitamin K intake patients should avoid sudden increases in foods high in vitamin K to maintain consistent blood levels increasing intake of green leafy vegetables a can interfere with warin dairy products C do not significantly affect warin alcohol intake D should be discussed with the health care provider as it can affect medication metabolism question 65 a patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is being treated with ninib ofv the nurse monitors the patient for which potential adverse effect a hypertension b hepatotoxicity c hypoglycemia D renal failure answer B hepatotoxicity rationale ninib can cause hepatotoxicity so liver function should be monitored regularly hypertension a hypoglycemia C and renal failure D are not primary concerns with NAD denib question 66 a patient with pulmonary hypertension is receiving an infusion of epoprostenol flon which of the following is the most important nursing consideration for this therapy a monitoring blood pressure closely B ensuring the infusion pump is functioning properly C administering the infusion via peripheral IV D monitoring for signs of hypoglycemia answer B ensuring the infusion pump is functioning properly rationale epoprostenol has a very short half-life and interruptions in the infusion can cause rebound pulmonary hypertension which can be life-threatening therefore ensuring the infusion pump is functioning properly is critical monitoring blood pressure a is important but secondary the infusion is typically administered via a central line not peripheral IV C monitoring for for hypoglycemia D is not relevant to Depo prosty therapy question 67 a patient with severe asthma is prescribed mamab zoler the nurse teaches the patient about this medication which statement by the patient indicates correct understanding a I will take this medication orally every day B I need to have regular blood tests to monitor my kidney function C I will receive this medication as an injection every 2 to 4 weeks D I can stop using my rescue inhaler once I start this medication answer C I will receive this medication as an injection every 2 to 4 weeks rationale omalizumab is administered as a subcutaneous injection every 2 to 4 weeks it is not taken orally a does not require regular kidney function tests B and does not replace the need for a rescue inhaler D question 68 a patient with Advanced COPD is experiencing chronic hypoxemia and polycythemia which of the following lab values would the nurse expect to find elevated a hemoglobin B white blood cell count C platelet count d serum electrolytes answer a hemoglobin rationale chronic hypoxemia in COPD can lead to polycythemia which is an increase in red blood cells and hemoglobin as a compensatory mechanism to improve oxygen transport white blood cell count B platelet count C and serum electrolytes D are not typically elevated due to Chronic hypoxemia question 69 a patient with cystic fibrosis is receiving tobery nebulization therapy what is the primary purpose of this treatment a to reduce Airway inflammation B to treat bacterial infections C to thin mucus secretions D to dilate the bronchioles answer B to treat bacterial infections rationale tobery is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections in patients with cystic fibrosis it does not primarily reduce inflammation a thin mucus C or dilate bronchioles D question 70 a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome ards is receiving mechanical ventilation with a high fraction of inspired oxygen F2 the nurse monitors the patient for potential complication ations which of the following is a common complication associated with high F2 a oxygen toxicity b hypoventilation c pulmonary embolism D metabolic alkalosis answer a oxygen toxicity rationale High F2 levels can lead to oxygen toxicity which can cause lung damage hypoventilation B pulmonary embolism C and metabolic alkalosis D are not directly associated with high F2 question 71 a patient with pulmonary embolism PE is receiving thrombolytic therapy the nurse monitors the patient for signs of bleeding which of the following is the most concerning finding a hemia b epistaxis c ecosis d hemoptisis answer D hemoptisis rationale hemoptisis or coughing up blood is particularly concerning in a patient receiving thrombolytic therapy as it can indicate significant bleeding in the lungs hemia a epistaxis b and ecosis c are also concerning but less immediately critical compared to hemoptisis question 72 a patient with interstitial lung disease is being evaluated for a lung transplant which of the following assessments is most important to determine the patient&#39;s eligibility for transplantation a pulmonary function tests pfts B arterial blood gas ABG analysis C c six-minute walk test D high resolution CT scan answer a pulmonary function tests pfts rationale pulmonary function tests are critical in evaluating the extent of lung disease and the patient&#39;s respiratory capacity which are key factors in determining eligibility for a lung transplant ABG analysis B six-minute walk test C and high resolution CT scan D are also important but secondary to pfts question 73 a patient with Advanced lung cancer is experiencing Superior venne Cava SVC syndrome which of the following symptoms should the nurse expect to find a facial edema and extended neck veins B hypotension and tachicardia C bilateral Al crackles in the lungs D abdominal distension and jaundice answer a facial edema and extended neck veins rationale SVC syndrome occurs when the superior venina Cava is compressed or abstracted leading to facial edema distended neck veins and upper body swelling hypotension and tachicardia B are not typical symptoms bilateral crackles C and abdominal distension with jaundice D are indicative of other conditions question 74 a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD is prescribed in held tiotropium Spa what is the primary action of this medication a reduces Airway inflammation B dilates the bronchioles C thins mucus secretions D prevents bacterial infections answer B dilates the bronchioles rationale tiotropium is a long-acting anticholinergic that helps to dilate the bronchioles improving air flow in patients with COPD it does not primarily reduce inflammation a thin mucus C or prevent infections D question 75 a patient with pulmonary fibrosis is experiencing severe dpia and fatigue the nurse notes the patient is on high flow oxygen therapy which of the following is the most important nursing intervention a monitor the patient for signs of oxygen toxicity B encourage the patient to increase physical activity C administer Bronco dilator D perform chest Physiotherapy and answer a monitor the patient for signs of oxygen toxicity rationale highflow oxygen therapy can lead to oxygen toxicity so monitoring for signs such as confusion restlessness and respiratory distress is crucial increasing physical activity B may not be feasible due to the patient condition administering a Bronco dilator C and Performing chest physiotherapy D are supportive measures but secondary to monitoring for toxicity

Transcript for:Respiratory System and Disorders

Transcript for:
Respiratory System and Disorders