In this video, I want to talk to you about the structure of the speech body. There are different orders you can choose to use in organizing the body of your speech. And these may also help you in how you choose a speech topic, which ones may be easier to go in these orders, and how much information you can get into these different orders as well. For the informative speech, the orders you have are the chronological, spatial, causal or topical orders that you can arrange your information in. The chronological or time order is going from early adulthood to late adulthood in a person's life. It goes in of course again time order. You can talk about the rise of a movement through time. The individuals in a movement and how they were this way at this time and then in these years they became this way and later it evolved into this. So using dates and times chronologically and logically in order to explain your topic to the audience. Another type of order that you can use is the spatial order. S P A T I A L. that order in a way of organizing your informative speech and that is really the structure of something the spatial order. I had a student who did his speech on the airplane called the Concord and he talked about the plane's structure from nose to tail and that is talking about and using your topic in spatial order. Uh, you can talk about the structure of a hurricane from the inside out. That would be ordering your points in spatial order. I, as a freshman in my college years, did a speech on the continent of Australia and the different regions in the continent of Australia. and that was organized in spatial order. Another type of order you might use is the causal order to inform your audience. And what that talks about is causes. So you could talk about the different causes of World War II or the fall of a dynasty and what caused that or what causes depression. So those type of topics that can be addressed in a causal organization and will make it more logical for you to order that that speech in that way. So the causal order, the final one is a topical order. what parts make up this item. And there are different ways to go green. So, you can use a topical order in a way to organize your thoughts. Signs of depression, not what causes it causal, but signs of depression. That's a topic. Each of you can choose three signs of depression. And so you would have a more topical speech at that point. Stages of poverty, the different parts of a wheel. So those are more topical, not how the wheel is built from the inside out. That's spatial, but again topical. These different parts. The informative speech, I want you to know, should be over a person, a place, um, a movement, something like that, and not an ideology that will lend itself more toward persuasive speaking. So, choose your informative speech topic, something that you really want to talk about. It just helps us and me specifically to enjoy the topic more if you really like what you're talking about. So, pick something. Choose the order at which you want to structure your main points, whether it be chronological or time order, spatial, causal or topical. And use this these items, these topics in order to uh structure your main points for your informative speech. Now the body of the persuasive speech the order of those points um can be causal as well but in a persuasive speech it's cause and effect. Okay. So a growing shortage of nurses is a serious problem. The US has a shortage of nurses. It if it continues it will strain the entire health care system. the cause of the health care system being strained the or that's the effect of having a shortage of nurses. So there's your cause a shortage of nurses and the effect is a strain on the health care system. So while it is causal, the uh order of your speech for persuasion is a cause and effect causal um organization. Another one you can use in persuasion is problem solution. Puppy mills are a serious problem. And so you can state that as the problem and then the solution is to require more legislation or personal initiative in order to help or to solve the problem of puppy mills. So you can use a problem solution pattern or order of your main points in your persuasive speech. The final one is topical and this one was in your informative again order of main points. But this topical order in persuasion is that we should all exercise. Um it improves your heart health. It produces serotonin in the body. It makes you happier. So those are three different topics of on why we should exercise in in our lives. So you have again the causal which is more of the cause and effect organization for your persuasive speech, your problem solution organization for your persuasive speech or the topical um order of how you would order your main points in a persuasive speech. In the body of the speeches you're going to be presenting this semester, you will have time for only two to four main points. Because your speeches are 5 minutes long, you do have a window or a cushion of 4 minutes 30 seconds to 5 minutes 30 seconds. So, that's a pretty big window, but it's not enough to have too many more really any more points than two to four points in your speech for it to be well researched and to be given the evidence that's needed for informative and persuasive speeches. Also, it's really important for you to know that your outlines are a part of your speeches and the outlines that you will be handing in must use an alpha numeric or a traditional hierarchical outline format, which is Roman numerals. I will not be accepting essay formats. I will uh return them to you to put in a Roman numeral format, alpha numeric. Please um do that type of outline. That is what will be accepted by me for this course for your outline. And you'll notice that your speeches, at least the informative, the persuasive, and the impact speech will have um an outline format as well as um uh you presenting your speech. So those are the outline form that is the outline format that I am looking for in this semester. Also within the body of the speech, I want to really talk you through connectives. These should be and they're a part of the rubric for your speeches in your evaluations. Again, please print those out. Please at least look at them. Print them out. They're for your benefit to make sure you don't miss any of the points within the rubric. And connectives are points within the body of the speech and they actually will be a part of your introduction, the internal preview and your conclusion or summarizing your speeches. So, some of the connectives that I'm going to kind of talk to you about internal previews again in the intro they tell your audience what is coming up in your speech and they really need to be specific your internal preview of what's coming up. I want to hear distinct specific your distinct specific points that you're going to be main points that you're going to be giving during your speech during your internal preview in your introduction. Transitions are another part and they um are a word or a phrase that really help to finish one thought and then go into another thought. So now that we have talked about this, we're going into this um let me share I have spoken so far about and so keep these points in mind as we continue talking. So those transitions are really important not throughout the body of your speech. Signposts are another good connective structure that we'll be looking for and that will really help your speech to flow and make logic sense. They are really brief statements to indicate where you are at in the body of the speech and really help us refocus as the audience our attention to where you are in your speech. the first cause, the second cause, my first point, my second point, my third point, and final point. You know, those are signposts that we really need to hear. I really want to hear throughout your speech to help map along where you're at in your speech. And lastly, are summaries, like internal previews. Tell people what you're going to tell them. Summaries tell people what you told them. And so you want to have that in the conclusion of your speech. It's a main part and it needs to be done. So summarize very clearly and distinctly your points that you covered in your speech. So those are the connectives that I expect in your speeches during the semester. Please make note of those. Also, within the body of the speech, you will be graded on how you site your sources verbally within your speech. understand that this is not required for the you speech or the activities. Um it is required for the informative persuasive speech and if you want to use a source in your impact speech, go ahead and cite that source verbally as well. Again, um these are the different um parts that you will be citing, whether it be a book, an author, the author's qualifications, the date that you got the information. All of these um citing of sources verbally must be done, guys. must be done in your speeches as part of your rubric. So, make sure you do that. Um, you some of that um in order to site verbally some catchy and good phrases to use would be according to this person who wrote this article or in an article published by or published online. Um, and so, uh, John Smith, a Harvard educated scholar who has studied this topic, use this language as you site your sources verbally in your speech. And again, remember you must have four verbal or oral citations within your informative and persuasive speeches that absolutely lends and helps you build your credibility. So, we've looked at citing your sources verbally within your speech. We've also looked at the connectives that you're going to use in your speeches and uh again that's part of your rubric. We talked about how many main points you have and should have and also we talked about the different orders you can use for uh persuasive and informative speeches. Please keep these things in mind as you are preparing your speech. use them and I wish you well as you work. Please keep in touch with me. Communicate, communicate, communicate with me as you need. Email me and use my um uh office hours. I would love to help make this semester very successful for you. Cheers.