biomolecules are molecules that is present in living cells here are the building blocks of life carrying out different functions keeping us alive the four major biomolecules are carbohydrates proteins nucleic acids and lipids and that makes the cocktail of life from a single cell bacteria to a giant blue whale all organisms have the same cocktail this magical cocktail amazingly diverse stunning manifestations in this video let us have a quick recap of these four biomolecules within 5-10 minutes we'll be discussing the monomeric units examples elements involved and functions let's begin with carbohydrates carbohydrates the monomeric units are called monosaccharides that is joined by glycosidic Bond so let me zoom in this so as you see this is maltose this is glucose glucose is a monosaccharide this is glucose second glucose so these two monosaccharides two glucose units are joined by glycosidic Bond forming maltose which is a disaccharide other examples include starch cellulose Etc so these are polysaccharides made up of hundreds of monosaccharide units joined by glycosidic Bond elements involved are carbon hydrogen and oxygen that is why called as carbohydrates carbon hydrates H2O carbon hydrogen and oxygen functions they are the primary energy source shorter term energy source they are the structural components like cellulose chitin Etc cell losing plants chitinine fungal cell wall dessert food starch in Plants glycogen in animals there are two types of polysaccharides that is storage polysaccharides like starch and structural polysaccharides like cellulose and these are the functions so we have given DT on different biomolecules the link of the playlist is on the icard above and also given in the description the second biomolecule is the proteins proteins are made up of amino acids that is joined by peptide bond so let me zoom in this so as you see this is the amino acid number one and this is amino acid number two and amino acid is having a central carbon then an amino group nh2 then Co it's a carboxyl group then a hydrogen and the side chain the side chain differs in an amino acid if it is hydrogen which is a simplest amino acid glycine so these two amino acids combined by the release of water forming a bond called peptide bond when water molecule is removed the rust is C double bond o NH and this bond is called peptide bond examples include insulin collagen Etc hundreds of amino acids joined together to form polypeptides it's made up of carbon hydrogen oxygen then in amino group that is nitrogen and there are some sulfur containing amino acids like methionine cysteine Etc proteins have diverse function they are enzymes that involved in structure like collagen then keratin in hair nails they are in defense as immunoglobulins or antibodies then there are peptide hormones like insulin then they are oxygen carriers like hemoglobin so proteins have diverse function so we have given a video on functions of proteins we can refer that for more in the third biomolecule is the nucleic acids nucleic acids the monomeric units are called nucleotides that is joined by phosphor diaster Bond now let us see why it is called as phosphodiester Bond as you see this is the nucleotide this is the sugar plus this phosphate plus this nitrogenous base these three forms a nucleotide so this nucleotide is having a three prime free o h end then this is the incoming nucleotide a sugar an additional space and a phosphate so the first Ester Bond the co bond is within the nucleotide with the carbon that is connected to the phosphate then the immune nucleotide forms the second Ester Bond this oh group of the incoming nucleotide forms the second Ester bond that is why the bond is called phosphor digester Bond two Ester bonds connects two nucleotides via phosphate that's why it is called as phosphodiester Bond and we have given a two minute video on how this point is formed you can refer that video for more the link is in the description DNA and RNA are the nuclear nucleic acids then is double stranded whereas RNA single stranded it's made up of carbon hydrogen oxygen then there is National Space that is nitrogen and also phosphate group therefore phosphorus stores genetic information or nucleic acids are the genetic material DNA is a genetic material in all organisms except exceptions are only in some viruses in some viruses rnasogenetic material RNA is also involved in the flow of biological information as a mediator the DNA cord is transcribed to RNA then it is translated to protein so RN is a mediator in between then there are different rnas with different functions like TRNA rrna then snoring Etc and the final biomolecule is the lipids lipids are actually biomolecules that cannot be classified like carbohydrates proteins or nucleic acids that are extremely diverse so they don't have a common monomeric unit like nucleotides amino acids like that basically they are made up of fatty acids and glycerol that is done by Ester Bond let me zoom in this structure this stackless roll this is a three carbon compound with three oh group and this is the fatty acid chain long chain fatty acid it's a hydrocarbon as you see hydrogen and carbon so fatty acid chain one two and three and this is joined to this oh group of glycerol by an esterling gauge so fatty acids and glycerol joined by Ester bond this is a single glycerol one glycerol molecule that responded to Three fatty acids by a star Bond lipids include fats oils waxes Etc it's also made up of carbon hydrogen and oxygen and are hydrophobic lipids are the major energy source or long term energy source that is stored in adipose tissue in the case of animals it's involved in insulation protecting organs insulating the body protecting organs like heart liver Etc from damage and additional padding and additional protection and also keeping the temperature constant lipids are the major components of biological membranes like plasma membrane is made up of phospholipid bilayer and membranes like mitochondrial membrane Golgi membrane all membranes the primary component is the lipid their source of hormones like steroid hormones Androgen estrogen Etc so we have given a detailed video on different classes of lipids you can refer that for more the link is in the description so these are the four biomolecules let me summarize carbohydrates are made up of monosaccharides that is joined by glycosidic Bond they are the major energy source whereas proteins are with diverse function they are made up of amino acids that is joined by peptide bond a nucleic acid are made up of nucleotides that is drawn by phosphodiester Bond nucleic acids are the genetic material whereas lipids are made up of fatty acids and glycerol joined by Ester Bond a diverse group of biomolecule which is a major long-term energy source and makes the biological membranes hope you are benefited from this video take care stay blessed thank you so much for your support you are with Biology 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