Cosmetologist and Aesthetician Study Guide: Skin Disorders and Diseases

Introduction

• Study guide on skin disorders and diseases
• Importance of reading the textbook for detailed information
• Reference state examination lists for specifics

Lesions of the Skin

• Lesions: Marks indicating injury or damage, changing tissue structure

Primary Lesions

• Bulla: Large blister with watery fluid; requires medical referral
• Cyst: Closed sac with fluid or pus; requires medical referral
• Macule: Flat discoloration on skin
• Nodule: Solid bump >1 cm, easily felt
• Papule: Small elevation without fluid, may develop pus
• Pustule: Raised papule with pus
• Tumor: Abnormal mass; requires medical referral
• Vesicle: Small fluid-filled blister
• Wheal: Itchy, swollen lesion from injury or allergy

Secondary Skin Lesions

• Crust: Dead skin cells over wound; sebum and pus
• Excoriation: Skin sore from scratching
• Fissure: Skin crack into dermis
• Keloid: Thick scar from fibrous tissue growth
• Scale: Epidermal flakes (e.g., dandruff)
• Scar: Mark after skin injury healing
• Ulcer: Open lesion, may weep fluid; requires medical referral

Disorders of Sebaceous (Oil) Glands

• Open Comedo: Blackhead, hair follicle filled with keratin and sebum
• Closed Comedo: Whitehead, sebum in follicle below skin
• Milia: Benign keratin-filled cysts under epidermis
• Acne: Chronic inflammation of sebaceous glands
• Sebaceous Cyst: Large lesion filled with sebum, may require removal
• Seborrheic Dermatitis: Inflammation causing scaling or itching
• Rosacea: Chronic condition with redness and papules, aggravated by various factors

Disorders of Sudoriferous (Sweat) Glands

• Anhidrosis: Inability to sweat, requires medical attention
• Bromhidrosis: Foul-smelling sweat due to bacteria
• Hyperhidrosis: Excessive sweating
• Miliaria Rubra: Prickly heat from excessive heat exposure

Inflammations and Infections

• Conjunctivitis: Contagious eye infection
• Dermatitis: Broad term for skin inflammation
• Eczema: Chronic inflammatory skin disease
• Herpes Simplex 1: Viral infection causing fever blisters
• Impetigo: Contagious bacterial infection
• Psoriasis: Chronic skin disease with red patches and scales

Pigment Disorders

• Hyperpigmentation: Darker skin splotches
• Hypopigmentation: Lack of color, light splotches
• Albinism: Congenital absence of melanin
• Chloasma/Melasma: Brown spots from hormones and sun
• Lentigenes: Sun-induced lesions, "liver spots"
• Leukoderma: White patches from pigment loss
• Nevus: Birthmark
• Stain: Irregular skin patch
• Tan: Pigmentation change from sun
• Vitiligo: Hereditary condition with white patches

Hypertrophies of the Skin

• Keratoma: Callus from pressure or friction
• Mole: Small skin spot
• Skin Tag: Small outgrowth
• Verruca: Wart from virus, infectious

Skin Cancer

• Basal Cell Carcinoma: Least severe, high survival rate
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Serious, can spread
• Malignant Melanoma: Most dangerous, characterized by uneven dark patches

Aging Skin Issues

• Intrinsic Factors: Genetics and ethnicity
• Extrinsic Factors: Environmental causes (e.g., sun exposure, pollution)
• UVA Rays: Deep-penetrating, cause aging
• UVB Rays: Cause sunburn, equally damaging

Conclusion

• Encouragement to continue studying
• Reminder to consult textbooks and state references

• Video closes with reminders to engage with the content and check back for more information.