[Music] cosmetologist and aesthetician written study guide number four regarding skin disorders and diseases please read your textbook for more information on each subject information is not limited to the one shown in this video be sure to please look for your state reference list regarding your written examination identify disorders and diseases of the skin lesions of the skin a lesion is a mark on the skin that may indicate an injury or damage that changes the structure of tissues or organs primary lesions of the skin primary lesions are lesions that are different in color other than the color of the skin and lesions that are raised above the surface of the skin they're often differentiated by size in layers of the skin affected these may require medical referral we have number one a bulla a bulla is a blister containing a watery fluid okay liquid similar to a vesicle but larger it requires medical referral number two cyst a cyst is a closed abnormally developed sac containing fluid pus semifluid above or below the skin it requires medical referral number three a macu a Mau is a flat spot or discoloration on the skin number four noio a noio is a solid bump larger than 1 cm that can be easily felt number five Papio a Papio is a small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but May develop pus number six pusle a pastle is a raised inflamed papule with a white or yellow Center containing pus in the top of the lesion number seven tumor a tumor is an abnormal Mass varying in size shape and color any type of abnormal Mass not always cancer requires medical referral number eight the vesicle a vesicle is a small blister or sack containing clear fluid lying within or just beneath the epidermis number nine wheel a wheel is an itchy swollen lesion that can be caused by a blow scratch bite of an insect skin allergy secondary skin lesions secondary skin lesions are characterized by piles of material on the skin surface such as a crust or a scab or by depressions in the skin surface such as an ulcer number one crust a crust is dead skin cells that form over a wound or blemish while healing accumulation of sebum and pus sometimes mixed with epidermal cells number two excoriation excoriation is a skin sore or abration produced by scratching or scraping number three Fisher a fisser is a crack in the skin penetrating into the dermis number four choid a keloid is a thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue number five scale a scale it's a thin dry or oily plate of epidermal flakes excessive dandruff now number six scar a scar is a slightly raised mark on the skin formed after an injury or lesion of the skin has healed number seven ulcer an ulcer is an open lesion on the skin or mucous membrane of the body followed by loss of skin death and possibly weeping a fluid or puss requires medical referral identify disorders of the sebaceus glands oil glands number one open comido also known as a black head is a hair follicle filled with keratin and sebum kodon appear most frequently on the face especially in the T-Zone when the sebum of the kodone is exposed to air it oxidizes and turns black number two closed kodo when the follicle is closed and not exposed to the environment the sebum remains a white or cream colored and appears as a small bump just under the surface of the skin also known as a white head number three milia milia or benign keratin filled cyst that appear just under the epidermis and have no visible openings they resemble small round sesame seeds number four acne is a skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the sebaceus glands from retained secretions in bacteria known as propon bacterium acnes P acne the scientific term for acne bacteria number five sebacea cyst is a large protruding pocketlike lesion filled with sebum sebaceus cyst are frequently seen on the scalp and the back it may be surgically removed by a Dermatologist number six seara dermatitis is a skin condition caused by an inflammation of the sebaceus glands often characterized by inflammation dry or oily scaling or crusting and or itchiness number seven rosacea is a chronic condition that appears on the cheeks and nose characterized by retinus Tasia which is dilation of the blood vessels and formation of papules and pules factors that aggravate rosacea are spicy foods caffeine alcohol exposure to extreme temperatures sunlight and stress identify disorders of the PSE sudoriferous glands also known as sweat glands number one and hydrosis is a deficiency in perspiration or the inability to sweat often a result of damage to anatomic nerves this condition can be life-threatening and requires medical attention number two Bram hydrosis is a foul smelling perspiration usually noticeable in the underarm or on the feet that is generally caused by bacteria number three hyperhydrosis is excessive sweating caused by heat or general body weakness number four malaria rubra also known as prickle Heat it is an acute inflammatory disorder characterized by an eruption of small red vesicles and followed by burning and itching caused by exposure to excessive heat recognize inflammations and common infections of the skin number one conjuntivitis also known as pink ey is a common bacterial infection of the eyes it is extremely contagious and should be referred to a I number two dermatitis is a term for broadly used to describe any inflammatory condition of the skin number three eczema is an inflammatory uncomfortable and often chronic disease of the skin characterized by moderate to severe inflammation scaling and sometimes severe itching number four herpes simplex 1 is a recurring viral infection that often presents as a fever blister or a cold soar although many people have no symptoms it is characterized by the eruption of a single vesicle or group of vesicles on a red swollen Base number five in Pedigo it is a contagious bacterial skin infection characterized by weeping lesions and usually caused by a stafas bacteria and Pedigo normally occurs on the face especially around the nasal passages and it is mostly seen in children although it is possible at any age number six psoriasis is a skin disease characterized by red patches covered with silver white scales and it is usually found on the scalp elbows knees and chest and lower back sasis is caused by skin cells turning over faster than normal and when the condition is irritating ated bleeding points can happen psoriasis is not contagious recognize pigment disorders of the skin number one hyperpigmentation means darker than normal pigmentation in splotches number two hypopigmentation is the absence lack of pigment Lack of Color resulting in light or white splotches number three albinism is a congenital hypopigmentation or absence of melanin pigment of the body skin hair and eyes number four chasma or melasma is a condition characterized by hyperpigmentation blotchy brownish spots on the skin mostly caused by hormonal changes and sun exposure number five lentigen are benign lesions that occur occur on the sun exposed areas of the body the back of the hands and face are common areas the lesions tend to increase in number with age making them common among the middle age and older population commonly called liver spots number six lucma is a skin disorder characterized by light abnormal patches hypopigmentation it is caused by a burn burn scar inflammation or congenital disease that destroys the pigment producing cells number seven neas also known as a birthmark is a small or large malformation of the skin due to abnormal pigmentation or dilated capillaries number eight stain is an abnormal brown or red skin patch having a circular or irregular shape number nine tan is a change in pigmentation of the skin caused by exposure to Sun or ultraviolet light number 10 Vitiligo is a hereditary condition that causes hypopigmented spots and splotches on the skin that often appears as milky white skin with Vitiligo must be protected from sun exposure at all time list HP hypertrophies of the skin a hypertrophy is an abnormal growth of the skin many are benign or harmless number one keratoma or Callis is an acquired superficial round thicken patch of skin due to pressure or friction on hands and feet number two mole is a small brownish spot or blemish on the skin ranging in color from pale tan to Brown or bluish black number three a skin tag is a small brown or a flesh color outgrowth of the skin occurs most frequently on the neck underarm and chest number four a veruka also known as a wart it is a hypertrophy of the pile and epidermis it is caused by a virus and it is infectious understand skin cancer number one basil cell carcinoma is the most common and least severe skin cancer characterized by light or pearly nodules and has a 90% survival rate with early diagnosis and treatment number two squamous cell carcinoma is more serious than basal cell carcinoma characterized by scaly red papules or nodules it can be spread from other parts of the body number three mnet melanoma it is the most dangerous form of skin cancer characterized by black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture Jagged or raised analyze aging skin issues intrinsic factors are skin aging factors over which we have little control genetics and ethnicity play a significant role in how our skin will age our predisposition to skin disorders and our ability to tolerate sun exposure also play a role gravity in constant pulling downward on our skin and bodies is a consistent factor for everyone extrinsic Factor are primarily environmental factors that contribute to aging and the appearance of Aging many scientists and dermatologists believe believe that these extrinsic factors are responsible for up to 85% of skin aging sun exposure smoking overuse of alcoholic beverages stress poor nutrition and exposure to pollution UVA rays also called the Aging Rays deep penetrating weaken the collagen and elastin fibers causing wrinkling and sagging of tissue isues UVB rays also called The Burning Rays cause Sunburn and Tanning of the skin by affecting the melanos site cell these rays are not as deep as UVA but are equally damaging to the skin and eyes and that is it for today's video thank you so much for watching if you are new to my channel welcome if you found the information helpful don't forget to share like and please pleas consider subscribing let me know in the comments down below if you are currently studying for your stateboard written examination I hope you found the information useful and of course helpful don't forget to keep going keep growing and I'll see you guys on the next one bye guys [Music]