TEAS Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards Overview

Introduction

• Presented by Kate from Pre Nursing Smarter.
• Focus on anatomy and physiology flashcards for the TEAS science section.
• Coverage on the neuromuscular system, including key terms and definitions.

Nervous System Overview

Central Nervous System (CNS)

• Comprises the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

• Consists of sensory and motor neurons linking CNS to the body.

Neurons

Afferent Neurons

• Sensory neurons carrying impulses toward the CNS.

Efferent Neurons

• Motor neurons conducting impulses away from the CNS.
  • Somatic Neurons: Voluntary motor neurons.
  • Autonomic Neurons: Involuntary motor neurons.
    • Divided into the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous systems.

Autonomic Nervous System

Sympathetic Nervous System

• Handles responses to stress (fight or flight).

Parasympathetic Nervous System

• Calms the body (rest and digest).

Neuron Anatomy

Axon

• Extension sending electrical messages to neurons, muscles, or glands.

Dendrite

• Branch-like part receiving chemical information.

Myelin Sheath

• Fatty covering aiding in speeding neural impulses.

Synapse

• Junction between the axon tip and dendrite/cell body.

Neurotransmitters

• Chemical messengers crossing synaptic gaps.
  • Acetylcholine: Key neurotransmitter at neuromuscular junctions.

Muscle Anatomy

Neuromuscular Junction

• Gap between motor neuron and skeletal muscle cell.

Myofibrils

• Thread-like structures in striated muscle cells.

Muscle Types and Characteristics

General Muscle Points

• All muscles connected to nerves.
• Can be voluntary (skeletal) or involuntary (smooth & cardiac).

Skeletal Muscles

• Voluntary, striated, and under conscious control.
• Attached to bones via tendons.

Cardiac Muscles

• Striated, strong, and involuntary.
• Controlled by electrical impulses from sinoatrial node.

Smooth Muscles

• Non-striated, involuntary, found in hollow organs.

Key Muscular System Concepts

Muscle Contraction

• Interaction between actin and myosin.
• Driven by ATP.

Relaxation

• Actin and myosin are not attached.

Functional Units

• Muscles: Sarcomere
• Respiratory System: Alveoli
• Genitourinary System: Nephron

Muscle Movement Terms

Reflex

• Automatic response to a stimulus, involves spinal cord.

Skeletal Muscle Pairs

• Prime Mover: Contracting muscle.
• Antagonist: Relaxed muscle.

Conclusion

• Understanding these key terms and definitions is crucial for TEAS success.
• Flashcards available for further study.