hey there it's Kate from pre nursing smarter and today I'm going to do some teas anatomy and physiology flashcards I'm in my anatomy and physiology flashcard section and I have printable downloadable flashcards for every body system that you might see on the T science section today I thought I would go through some for the neuromuscular system we'll review key terms and definitions let's talk about these flashcards the central nervous system or CNS consists of the brain and the spinal cord the peripheral nervous system consists of the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body so your central nervous system is your brain and your spinal cords and the peripheral nervous system is basically everything else AFR neurons are sensory neurons they are nerve cells that carry impulses toward the central nervous system big thing to remember for the T science section afren neurons are sensory neurons on the other hand eant neurons are motor neurons they are nerve cells that conduct impulses away from the central nervous system so two big distinctions to know for the T science section afren neurons Sensory neurons that carry impulses towards the central nervous system and eant neurons are motor neurons that carry impulses away from the central nervous system name the two types of errant neurons the first is somatic which are voluntary motor neurons and the second are autonomic nerves which are involuntary motor neurons the somatic nervous system is the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles name two divisions of the autonomic nervous system the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system let's talk about those the sympathetic nervous system is the division of the autonomic nervous system that responds to stressful situations it's also called your fight ORF flight response parasympathetic nervous system is the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body conserving its energy this is also Al called the rest and digest response now we're going to get into some neuron Anatomy talking about the different parts of a neuron axon an axon is the extension of the neuron ending and branching fibers it sends electrical messages to other neurons muscles or glands the dendrite is a branch-like part of the neuron and it's specialized in receiving chemical information as you study these flash cards pay attention to what is sending or receiving electrical messages and what is sending or receiving chemical messages myin sheath is a fatty cover of the axon to help speed neural impulses not all axons have myelin sheaths synapse synapse is the junction between the Exxon tip of the sending neuron and the dendr or cell body of of the receiving neuron neurotransmitters chemical Messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons acetylcholine a neurotransmitter that is released by neurons at the neuromuscular Junction aceto cooline is the most important neurotransmitter to know for the t- science section neuromuscular Junction this is the gap between the motor neuron and skeletal muscle cell myofibrils these are joined together sarom units they're threads in stried muscle cells let's talk about some important points about muscles in general for the t- science section all muscles are connected to a nerve or nerves muscles can be voluntary or involuntary they have fibrous tissue and it's about half the weight of a human body voluntary muscles are under conscious control these are skeletal muscles like the muscles of your arms and legs involuntary muscles are not under conscious control these are smooth and cardiac muscles these are the muscles that you don't want to have to think about like controlling your blood pressure controlling your digestion controlling your heartbeat Thom mirror unit it's the functional unit of a muscle specifically a striated muscle when we we talk about functional units for the T science section it's really important to know that you might need to know what are functional units for several body systems the respiratory system for example the functional unit is the avioli for the genital urinary system and the kidneys the functional unit is the nefron the te's might ask you directly about identifying functional units of different body systems myosin it's a protein in muscle fibers that aids in contraction and makes up the majority of a muscle fiber actin is the thin protein fiber of muscle muscle contraction these are interactions between actin and myosin filaments of the ccom unit that produce movement for the t- science section you may have a question where you're asked to generally apply this concept of a muscle contraction it probably won't get in depth as some of your college anatomy and physiology classes but it's good to know the general principles here ATP is Adine triphosphate it's a chemical used as energy in the body to make muscles move a contraction is muscle movement it can be tension in the muscle or shortening of the muscle relaxation of muscle is when myosin and actin are not attached let's go over some important points for the T science section about skeletal muscle tissue One you need to know that contraction and relaxation are terms to describe skeletal muscle tissue action this tissue is striated it's under voluntary control and it's found attached to Bones via tendons some important points about cardiac muscle tissue for the t- science section syy and diol are terms to describe the action of these cardiac muscles so that's the bub dub or your heart pumping they are also striated they're very muscular your heart is a very strong and muscular organ it responds to electrical impulses from the sinoatrial node so sinoatrial node is an overlap point between the neuromuscular system and the cardiovascular system smooth muscle tissue peristalsis is muscle action of smooth muscle tissue it's non-striated it's non-voluntary so you don't control it it's found in hollow organs so your intestines for example and this is the weakest type of muscle a reflex is a simple automatic inborn response to sensory s stimulus such as the knee-jerk response a reflex arc is often used in a survival response the message only travels to the spinal cord not to the brain in order to produce a response it is part of the sematic nervous system skeletal muscle pairs skeletal muscles are often paired one relaxes and the other contracts to move bone terms to know for this would be the prime mover and the antagonist the prime mover is the Contracting or moving muscle the antagonist is the relaxed or not moving muscle and that is it for these flash cards I hope this helped you get familiar with these terms you need to know these definitions inside and out all of these anatomy and physiology flash cards are available in my program to help you succeed on the te's keep up the great work with your te's prep if you'd like to see more videos like this let me know in the comments take care