[Music] hi it's Mr Anderson and in this video I'm going to talk about Anor robic cellular respiration or cellular respiration without oxygen to understand anerobic you must first understand aerobic respiration and so if these terms don't make sense to you glycolysis KB cycle electron transport chain and if you don't even know what a mitochondria is you may want to go watch one of my videos on that and I'll put a video link right up here um but what is Anor robic cellular respiration that's when we don't have oxygen or we don't have a mitochondria present and so let's get rid of those and so what is Anor robic respiration it's really just glycolysis and then a new process called fermentation and so let's dig in a little bit deeper and so this is all the steps of cellular respiration remember we began with glucose in glycolysis we break that down into perate how much energy do we get from that we get two ATP now we put in some ATP but we net a total of 2 ATP what happens to the perate it's going to go into the mitochondria it enters into the kreb cycle after it's converted to acetal COA we give off all that carbon as carbon dioxide and we make another two ATP and so we haven't released that much energy yet where' the energy go it's stored in NAD and fad they're going to transfer their electrons through the electron transport chain eventually those electrons go to oxygen with the formation of water and we're going to make most of our ATP here and so we're going to make somewhere between 32 and 34 ATP and so we net around 38 but there's controversy it's probably not as much as that but how could we break this process well we could break this process number one if we didn't have any glucose but we usually have enough food inside our body but we could break this in two ways we could get rid of the mitochondria so if there was a toxin that destroyed the the mitochondria for example or if we just didn't have enough mitochondria present or if we didn't have oxygen remember Oxygen's right here at the end it's receiving those electrons It's the final electron acceptor and if we don't have that the whole thing kind of backs up and so we're out of luck and we would be out of luck if it weren't for anerobic respiration if you want to feel what Anor robic respiration feels like just hold your breath for a while you're going to run out of oxygen you can't make ATP and you're going to get in some serious trouble very very quickly and so what is the problem why are you feeling that pain well it really boils down to glycolysis and so in glycolysis we're taking glucose and we're breaking it down into perate remember we net 2 ATP where did that energy go it's being converted to NAD a lot of it is converted to NAD and so NAD is going to be reduced remember it's going to pick up electrons but pretty soon all of that NAD is full there's no electrons that can be donated it to it because it's now all at nadh or reduced nad+ and so that's where we get stock and where are we going to come up against this wall if we don't have oxygen or if we don't have mitochondria and so what is our solution to that well through Evolution we've come up with two solutions to this we have lactic acid fermentation and we have alcoholic fermentation so first you have to do glycolysis but after that in animals and bacteria they do what's called lactic acid fermentation and so in a sloth they don't move that fast but maybe in you when you're sprinting or in bacteria when they're making yogurt they can do another process after glycolysis and what that does is allows us to keep doing glycolysis over and over again and in alcoholic fermentation they do that uh by actually converting it to ethyl alcohol so let's go through those specifically again here's where we're stuck we've gone through glucose or glycolysis we've made perate but now we have all of this nadh and there's no way that we can keep going through glycolysis because all of it's filled and so in lactic acid fermentation what happens is this perate is converted further into lactate and sometimes you've maybe heard of that called lactic acid what happens with the formation of lactic acid well we're not making any ATP but those electrons can now be converted from nadh and it can be transferred to lactate what does that do it frees up this NAD plus to go back and pick up more electrons again and so what we can do is through this process we can go through glycolysis over and over and over and over again and so we can make ATP every time we do that now we're not going to get all that ATP that we would if we went all the way through um kreb cycle electron transport chain but we can still make quite a bit of energy now this is a picture over here of my son he is a CrossCountry skier and so in this picture right here he's on a treadmill he's skiing and this is a uh test to to calculate V2 Max to figure out how efficient you are at using oxygen but it also is going to measure your lactate threshold it's going to measure the amount of uh how much exercise you have to do before lactic acid builds up in your muscles in an appreciable amount and so if you are exercising really really quickly you get certain amount of energy through um cellular respiration but if you go faster and faster and faster eventually your body will also add on top of that this lactate acid fermentation and if you've ever run for example a 400 meter dash or sprinted that pain you feel in your muscles is a buildup of this lactate in your muscles and So eventually that's not even enough and you're eventually going to just have to stop running or stop competing because it's too painful uh and that's that buildup inside your muscles and so what happens is is after you're done then you have to go through and breathe a lot and then use oxygen and cellular respiration to break down that lactate but it does give us kind of like a turbo boost to go on top of that regular cellular respiration bacteria do the same thing uh if you were to put them in milk for example lacopa silus bacteria will go through lactic acid fermentation and that acid breaks down the proteins in the milk and makes yogurt and so that's one way that we can survive when we don't have oxygen lactic acid fermentation remember it still includes glycolysis but it's followed by this lactic acid fermentation so we can go through that process again now we also see the same thing in alcoholic fermentation and so where would we see that that's going to be in things like yeast and so what are they doing they're breaking down glucose into perate but again they're stuck and so for example if we put a little bit of yeast and some grain and sugar in this bottle they're going to start to do cellular respiration just like we do but eventually they're going to run out of oxygen okay no oxygen can get in this container only gas can get out and So eventually they're stuck and they would be stuck if they couldn't do fermentation what are they going to do they're going to convert that perate into ethyl alcohol that's that alcohol that we'd find in beer and wine now if you look at perate and ethyl alcohol we're missing a carbon here and the reason why is that that carbon's going to go towards carbon dioxide that's why we'd have a buildup of this carbon dioxide in beer or Champagne For example what is that doing though again it's the same thing it's picking up electron from nadh and that's producing more of this nad+ and so we can go through that process of glycolysis over and over and over again and so we're looking at yeast inside here now they'll do alcoholic fermentation and they'll do that until they have consumed uh built up too much of this ethyl alcohol and then it'll eventually poison them and so we've known this for a long period of time and so fermentation has been going on for years and years and years the Egyptians used to make beer using fermentation um and we do it today as well and so what do you need all you do is put a little bit of grain in there some sugar water and some yeast if you don't give them oxygen eventually they're going to convert to alcoholic fermentation and they'll do that until the level of alcohol inside there is going to kill the yeast they settle to the bottom and then we have alcohol and so that's Anor robic respiration what does it do it allows us to keep going if we have no oxygen or no mitochondria present it only lasts for a certain period of time and then we're out of luck uh and I hope that was helpful