History of Sultanates in Yogya and Solo

Yogya has a palace, Solo also has a palace. In Yogya there are the Sultanates of Ngayogyakarta and Pakualaman, while in Solo there are the Kasunanan of Surakarta and Mangkunegaran. How did it start and what is its pedigree? In this video I will visit all the palaces that were the forerunners of the kingdom and trace their stories. Watch your head! Not only those that are still standing but also those that have collapsed. I started this walkthrough from the Demak mosque. Because all the Islamic kingdoms that still exist today, which I will visit later, all came from Demak. So Demak, Pajang then Mataram. Demak then disbanded and became the Pajang kingdom. After the Pajang kingdom, Islamic Mataram was founded. The founding of Mataram Islam was started by a figure named Ki Ageng Pemanahan. However, Ki Ageng Pemanahan cannot be called the first Islamic King of Mataram because his status at that time was still a duchy under the Pajang kingdom. In the past, it was Ki Penjawi , Ki Juru Mertani, Ki Ageng Pemanahan. In the past, what were they, Ki Ageng Selo? Mataram came to be because of them. Yes Yes, in the past it was like a father eating a plate of food and his son would definitely (ask) Ki Ageng Pemanahan to receive the land of Mataram and become a duke after successfully defeating Arya Penangsang during the reign of Sultan Hadiwijaya Pajang alias Raden Mas Karebet alias Jaka Tingkir. Ki Ageng Pemanahan has three apprentice brothers from Ki Ageng Selo Grobogan, namely Ki Ageng Penjawi and Ki Juru Mertani. Ki Ageng Penjawi got the Pati land in 1549 because his services helped defeat Arya Penangsang and Ki Ageng Pemanahan got the Mataram land in 1556. So the time difference is quite large. Ki Ageng Pemanahan ruled the Duchy of Mataram and died in 1584. So his status was still a duchy. After his death, the duchy throne was inherited by his son, Danang Sutawijaya. When he was little, Danang Sutawijaya was the adopted son of Sultan Hadiwijaya, the king of Pajang, and when he grew up , Danang Sutawijaya wanted Mataram to become an independent country, not under Pajang. This is also based on other conflicts. Danang Sutawijaya's request was not approved by Sultan Hadiwijaya, then Danang Sutawijaya rebelled. Even though he was outnumbered, Danang Sutawijaya managed to defeat the Pajang army because he was lucky to coincide with the eruption of Mount Merapi which made the Pajang army panic. Sultan Hadiwijoyo took this as a sign and finally granted Mataram independence from Pajang. After Mataram became independent and after Sultan Hadiwijaya died, Danang Sutawijaya then used the title Panembahan Senopati Ing Ngalaga. 1586 He refused to use the title Sultan to pay tribute to the late Sultan Hadiwijaya and his son Sultan Prabu Wijaya alias Pangeran Benowo. Pajang finally dropped to the status of a duchy under Mataram after Prince Benowo chose to step down from the throne and chose to become a cleric to teach Islam. Panembahan Senopati died in 1601, succeeded by his son born to Empress Pati, namely Raden Mas Jolang, who had the title Prabu Hanyokrowati. Prabu Hanyokrowati inherited her father's expertise in warfare and hunting animals in the forest. When he was still small, he was even asked to join the war against his uncle, Duke Pragola of Pati, who was thought to be involved in helping the Mediun rebellion. His uncle couldn't bear it and told Raden Mas Jolang to call his father. Prabu Hanyrakrawati died in 1613 while hunting animals in the Krapyak area of Yogya. That's why he was given the posthumous title Panembahan Sedo Ing Krapyak. During his lifetime, King Hanyokrowati had two consorts, the empress Dyah Banawati Raden Mas Jatmiko or Prince Rangsang was born and from another empress was born RM Wuryah or Prince Martopuro. Before he died, Prabu Hanyokrowati said that his successor would be RM Wuryah, but RM Wuryah was sick so he would not be able to carry out his government duties properly. Therefore, to carry out the will, RM Wuryah was appointed king for a day and then replaced by RM Jatmiko who then had the title Sultan Agung Hanyokrokusuma. Sultan Agung made many contributions to the renewal of Javanese culture, such as organizing the Sekaten festival which was held to coincide with the birth of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, compiling the Hanacaraka script, writing the Gendhing Serat Sastra, introducing graded grammar and creating his own calendar system, namely the Javanese calendar. The Javanese language we use today is also a legacy of Sultan Agung. In historical records, Sultan Agung refused to compromise with the VOC and chose the path of war to overthrow the VOC's power which had taken over Jakarta. This war occurred in 1628 and 1629. Sultan Agung's strategy was to surround the VOC by sea and land. Even though it was not successful, this incident gave the Javanese people the spirit to fight to become strong individuals. People who are not easily impressed, not easily influenced, not easily regretted and not thirsty for praise. Because of Sultan Agung's services, he was given the title of national hero in the era of Indonesian independence. Under Sultan Agung's rule, Mataram became a large kingdom and experienced the peak of its glory. Sultan Agung moved his palace from Kutogedhe to Kerto. Kerto is in which district now, sir? Pleret So from here then Pleret - Here, Kerto first - Kerto first Kerto is nearby Pleret, right? Yes, then after 1 km you will reach Pleret. Turn left, then your destination will be on the right. This is the Kerto Site. Former palace of Islamic Mataram during the era of Sultan Agung Hanyokrokusuma. When I was here, there wasn't much to see except the foundations, old walls that had been buried in the ground, and there were umpaks, stones to support the pillars of the palace. Even though it is just ruins, this place was an important place in its time. Sultan Agung died in 1645. After his departure, the throne was handed over to his son Raden Sayidin or Amangkurat I. In contrast to his father who was brave enough to challenge the Dutch colonialists, Amangkurat I or Amangkurat Agung chose the path of diplomacy , aka becoming an ally of the Dutch. The Mataram Islamic Palace was then moved by Amangkurat Agung from Kerto to Pleret. This is the Pleret archaeological museum, but unfortunately when I went there, the museum was closed. Even though it was closed, I was invited to see the Gumuling well, one of the royal wells left over from Islamic Mataram in the Amangkurat 1 era. From here I also got other information, such as the location of the Amangkurat 1 Palace, the fort and the mosque. Which I will also come to after this. Are you with a group? - What? - Entourage? I? Not. Just alone. This is one of the remains of the Pleret Islamic Mataram palace which only has bricks left in the ground. Apart from this, there should be more area, but most of it has become a residential location for residents. I'm sure because the distance between this site and other sites, such as the former palace mosque, is quite far. As I said before, Amangkurat I's government was full of conflict. The first conflict during Amangkurat I's government was the conflict with Raden Alit. So Sultan Agung had another son from his first wife, namely Raden Alit. However, Raden Alit was younger than Amangkurat I. Therefore, this caused conflict. The decision to appoint Amangkurat as king was made at a critical moment, namely when Sultan Agung was ill and was about to die. The decision to appoint Amangkurat I made the courtiers suspicious. Perhaps this was a tactic of Amangkurat I. Knowing that many courtiers were suspicious, the people who were considered to be a danger to his power were all killed by Amangkurat I, including his younger brother Raden Alit. That was the first upheaval. From the palace site I was invited to see another site , namely the drainage canal and the former Pleret palace fort. It's spacious, which means the palace has all the water channels. Water tunnel. What you see is where ancient water channels were found, similar to paralons made of clay. This ancient pralon is called plempem or riul by local people. It is estimated that this has something to do with the channel from the royal fort which we will also visit after this. - The land was redeemed, right? - Yes, in the past there must have been forts, right? What I filmed from above is the former Mataram Islamic Pleret palace fort, but now only the foundations remain. Just like ancient kingdoms, fortress walls were an important part of palace buildings, because without fortifications enemies could easily attack and enter the palace. Moreover, Islamic Mataram at that time was prone to upheaval or rebellion, one of which was from Raden Trunojoyo. Raden Trunojoyo's resistance to Mataram since 1641 led to increasingly close relations between Amangkurat I and the VOC. Amangkurat I formed a coalition with the VOC and Raden Trunojoyo formed a coalition with fighters from Makassar led by Karaeng Galesong who was anti-VOC. Your destination is on the left. Now I am at the Pleret site which is a former mosque. At that time, Amangkurat I already had children, named Raden Mas Rahmad, who was the eldest child and his younger brother, Prince Puger. Even though he was his own son, Raden Mas Rahmad dared to rebel because his political choices were different from those of his father who had ties to the VOC. Raden Mas Rahmad then formed a coalition with Panembahan Giri and Raden Trunojoyo. Raden Mas Rahmad used Trunojoyo for his purposes to pressure his father. After his father's heart had melted, Raden Rahmad returned to defend his father because Trunojoyo was considered stronger and more dangerous. And sure enough, Trunojoyo succeeded in attacking the Islamic Mataram palace in Pleret in 1677. When Trunojoyo attacked the Pleret palace, Raden Rahmad and his father ran from the palace until they arrived in Tegal. And his younger brother, Prince Puger, was assigned to guard the palace. In exile, Amangkurat I finally handed over the throne to Raden Rahmad with the title Amangkurat II or also known as Sunan Amral. Amangkurat I died and was buried in Tegal. After the death of his father, Amangkurat II then asked the VOC for help to gather strength, because even though he was now king, he did not have a palace. Assisted by the VOC, Raden Mas Rahmad (Amangkurat II) returned to fight Trunojoyo's troops. Trunojoyo's troops were chased to Malang, and there Amangkurat II succeeded in ending Raden Trunojoyo with his own hands, witnessed by VOC officials. After returning to plered and obtaining legitimacy to the royal throne from his father, Amangkurat II faced his younger brother, Pangeran Puger, who also wanted to become king. When he was left to wander in Tegal until he arrived in Malang, Prince Puger felt that he had a service for Mataram. At that time, after Trunojoyo brought the contents of the palace to Kediri, He managed to regain control of the Plered Palace. And there he was crowned king of Mataram with the title Susuhunan in Ngalaga. Prince Puger continued the plered palace while Amangkurat II built a new palace in Kartosuro. Ma'am, excuse me, would you like to ask where the Kartosuro Palace used to be, ma'am? - Yes here. - Here? - The one with Katosuro written on it, you know - Here - Oh... here, Prince Puger refused to recognize Amangkurat II because he thought Amangkurat II had died with his father . So to overcome this, Amangkurat II asked for VOC assistance again to attack the Pleret palace. VOC supports but of course it's not free. In this conflict, Prince Puger finally lost and was willing to recognize Amangkurat II as the legitimate successor to the King of Mataram. This legitimacy was also obtained from another Mataram elder , namely Panembahan Natapraja from Kadilangu. Finally, the legitimate King was Amangkurat II. Even though he succeeded in becoming king, Mataram had to bear many debts. Because he could not afford to pay, Amangkurat II had to be willing to hand over half of Mataram's power to the VOC. Namely the northern half of Java, including Semarang, which eventually became the VOC's base port. One piece of evidence that can still be seen is the old city of Semarang and other old buildings such as Lawang Sewu. The VOC's power is getting stronger. making Amangkurat II secretly start fighting the VOC with the help of Untung Suropati. Prince Puger, who was ready to accept the throne of Amangkurat II, was sent to help protect Untung Suropati when he was about to be captured by the Dutch. These two brothers had united against the VOC. Yes, because there are similar interests. In 1703, as fate would have it, Amangkurat II died before Prince Puger. Amangkurat II only had one son named Raden Mas Sutikna or Sunan Mas. Raden Mas Sutikna then became king replacing his father with the title Amangkurat III. Amangkurat III is also close to Untung Suropati who is also anti-VOC. But he also faced problems in Mataram, namely from his own uncle, Pangeran Puger. It turns out that Prince Puger was not willing to let the throne of Mataram fall to Amangkurat III. Worried that it would become a problem, Amangkurat III first made a plan to kill his uncle. Prince Puger managed to escape to Semarang. In Semarang, Prince Puger, who initially fought the VOC, then chose to collaborate with the VOC, with the aim of seizing the Mataram throne. The VOC officials might laugh, as long as it is profitable, yes please, no problem. From Semarang, the VOC departed for Kartosuro. The Kartosuro Palace was then attacked by the VOC and Prince Puger, the palace was destroyed, Amangkurat III then fled to Ponorogo. Knowing that his alliance was being attacked, Untung Suropatii, who controlled Pasuruan, then went to help Amangkurat III. The VOC then looked for a way to destroy Untung Suropati and Amangkurat III by collaborating with Surabaya and Madura. In 1706, the coalition forces of Kartasura, VOC, Madura and Surabaya invaded Pasuruan. In the battle in Bangil, Untung Suropati died, then his children fled to Malang, Blitar and Kediri with Amangkurat III. For his consistent services against the Dutch, Untung Suropati was given the title of National Hero after Indonesia became independent. After that, Amangkurat III was finally captured while in Surabaya, he was not killed but exiled to Sri Lanka until he died there in 1734. The victory of the coalition of Kartasuro, VOC, Madura and Surabaya led Prince Puger to control the Kartasuro palace and become the next King of Mataram with the title PB I. PB I's rise to kingship of Mataram was not free. In return, the VOC requested that the Madura region become VOC territory and PB I had to continue the agreement made by Amangkurat II , namely paying off the remaining debt and providing an additional clause , namely sending tribute of 13,000 tons of rice every year for 25 years. Their name is VOC, debts to them must have interest. Similar to the IMF. Pakubuwana I died in 1719 and was succeeded by his son, Raden Mas Suryaputra, who had the title Amangkurat IV. So if you count from Panembahan Senopati, Amangkurat 4 is the 8th king in Islamic Mataram. Even though his father held the title PB I, Raden Mas Surya did not use the title Pakubuwono II but instead used the title amangkurat IV, continuing the title of his cousin who was exiled by the Dutch to Sri Lanka, namely amangkurat III. I think this is a political strategy to gain legitimacy, because the name amangkurat has been used since the time of Sultan Agung's son, his grandfather. Apart from that, so that in the future no descendants of Amangkurat III can hold the title Amangkurat IV. In the Amagkurat IV era, Mataram experienced decline because most of its territory was under VOC rule. The situation is already chaotic. Society in Java is divided into five factions. Amangkurat IV was forced to ask for help from the VOC to overcome the other four factions which had succeeded in controlling Blitar, Malang, Mojokerto, Madiun, Blora, Grobogan and Pati. Amangkurat IV would later depose the king of Surakarta and Yogyakarta. Amangkurat IV had 4 sons , namely Raden Mas Prabasuyasa (PB II), Prince Mangkubumi (HB I), Prince Arya Mangkunegara, and RM Sandeyo (Nur Iman Mlangi). Of his four sons, Amangkurat 4's successor is Raden Mas Prabasuyasa who holds the title PB II. These three people were considered to be a danger to PB II's throne. Let me introduce them one by one. The first is RM Sandeyo. RM. Sandeyo is a half-brother born to RA's mother. Retno Susilowati, daughter of Untung Suropati. So RM Sandewo is the grandson of Untung Suropati. As a child, RM Sandeyo grew up in Pasuruan. Fortunately, Suropati's grandfather was a student , so RM Sandeyo was educated in an Islamic boarding school environment. When he was an adult he was taken to the palace. In the palace he didn't really care about the position of king even though he was the eldest son, the oldest in age. RM Sandeyo chose to live as an ordinary person and changed his name to Kyai Nur Iman. Kyai Nur Iman then applied the knowledge he had gained at the Islamic boarding school and founded an Islamic boarding school in Mlangi village, Sleman, Yogyakarta. So it is also called, Kyai Nur Iman Mlangi. His other older brother is Prince Mangkunegara. Prince Mangkunegara, even though he was a brother of PB II, was one of the front men with the VOC. For several reasons, Prince Mangkunegoro was considered to be endangering PB II's position. Prince Mangkunegara was slandered and arrested by the VOC , then exiled in Sri Lanka , then reportedly moved to Africa, and died in Cape Town, South Africa. Another merchant was Prince Mangkubumi. Prince Mangkubumi was the only half-brother of Pakubuwono II who still had political power after RM Sandeyo chose to become a cleric and Prince Arya Mangkunegara was exiled abroad. PB II became king of Mataram when he was only 15 years old, still in middle school now. So it's natural that he is still unstable. He was still easily dragged left and right, sometimes as an enemy of the VOC and sometimes as a supporter. At first PB II was a king who was anti-VOC. The proof is that he once swore all his dukes to be loyal to Mataram and dared to expel the VOC from Java. He also helped the Chinese troops in Semarang to fight the VOC. At that time, people of Chinese and Javanese descent united to fight the VOC. This incident started with a feeling of disapproval from the Chinese community in Java because many of his relatives in Batavia were massacred in the Netherlands. This incident is called Geger Pacinan. Well, PB II supports this movement. He is in that camp. However, seeing the increasingly strong condition of the VOC, PB II began to falter, especially when Cakraningrat IV, the Regent of West Madura , who was his own brother-in-law, began to want independence and collaborated with the Dutch to fight it. In 1742, PB II, which initially fought against the Dutch, decided to form a coalition with the Dutch to maintain its power. Knowing this, Adipati Cakraningrat IV did not attack Mataram. However, this decision angered another party, namely Raden Mas Garendi. Who is he? Raden Mas Garendi is a figure who led the Javanese and Chinese to unite against the Dutch. He is the grandson of Amangkurat III who was exiled to Sri Lanka. And his father, Prince Tepasana, died in Kartasura during the conflict with PB I or Prince Puger at that time. So Raden Mas Garendi is still a descendant of Mataram and still has the right to inherit the Mataram throne. When the upheaval occurred, Raden Mas Garendi was rescued by his uncle, Wiramenggolo and forced to flee to Grobogan. There he was appointed by a man of Chinese descent named Tan He Tik. That's why Raden Mas Garendi was able to get along with people of Chinese descent so they could join together to fight the VOC. Because of his clean yellow skin and handsome appearance, Raden Mas Garendi was nicknamed Sunan Kuning. In Grobogan, Raden Mas Garendi gathered strength. Three Javanese brigades and three Chinese brigades were assembled to attack Pakubuwana II in Kartasura. On April 6 1742, in Pati, Raden Mas Garendi was crowned as Sunan Mataram replacing Pakubuwana II. He had the title Amangkurat V. So at that time there were two kings PB II and Amangkurat V. On June 30 1742, Amangkurat V's troops succeeded in breaking through the Kartasura Palace fortress with cannons. The damaged walls still have traces of them to this day. The condition of the Kartasura palace became chaotic and destroyed. This event is a series of events called Geger Pacinan. Pakubuwana II and his family were evacuated by Captain Van Hohendorff's troops from the VOC and fled over Mount Lawu until they arrived in Ponorogo. So the story goes that later there he had an heirloom whose name was described as the Kyai Slamet Buffalo. On July 1, 1742, Sunan Kuning officially became king in Kartasura with the title Amangkurat V. There is a candrasengkala which reads "Pandita anom angoyog universe" which means the young leader who shook the world. However, Amangkurat V's throne did not last long, on November 26 1742, so less than 6 months later, Kartasura, which had been controlled by Amangkurat V , was attacked from three sides by Cakraningrat IV, the Regent of West Madura from the direction of Bengawan Solo, Pakubuwana II from Ngawi, and troops VOC from Ungaran and Salatiga. Amangkurat V and his troops ran south. In September 1743, Amangkurat V and his troops were captured in Surabaya and then exiled to Sri Lanka. His fate was the same as his grandfather, Amangkurat III. From this incident, the Dutch made propaganda so that Javanese and Chinese could not get along. The reason is, if the Javanese and Chinese people can get along and unite, they can bring great power that could endanger the Netherlands. Another form of propaganda is character assassination. The name Sunan Kuning has been corrupted and its petilasan has now even been used as the name of a localization in Semarang. The losers continued to ask the VOC for help. To defeat the strong. So, in the end, we became dependent on the VOC. Yes, finally the VOC got the lands Eeee... in areas including Semarang they are mortgaged - Including the north coast, this is controlled by them - Tegal , including that, Raden Mas Garendi, Sunan Kuning Nggih , that is close to Raden Mas Said Anu nggih, Mangkunegaran Mangkunegaran Lha I was given instructions from Father Dorojati , namely to go to the Surakarta library Nggih Looking for traces of Raden Mas Garendi with, what... books that are close to Raden Mas Said Yes That's because the history is related then there will be continuity there Nggih Regardless of whether it's a makam (grave) or maqom (petilasan) I'm not up to that, Nggih - Monggo monggo - Nggih Assalamualaikum Waalaikumsalam Turn left then turn right onto Jalan Abdurrahman Saleh After that, PB II returned to control the throne of Mataram again. Even though the Kartosuro palace could still be repaired, PB II chose to move the palace from Kartosuro to a new area which at that time was an area owned by Ki Gede Sala. PB II bought land from Ki Gede Sala to build a palace. That's why Surakarta is also called the city of Sala or now Solo. On that land, PB II, with the assistance of the Dutch VOC, built a new palace called the Surakarta Palace. The name is taken from the name of the old palace which was reversed, namely Kartasura became Surakarta. Sura means brave, karta means prosperity. So if combined it means a kingdom that dares to prosper. Mr. Arif, Mr. Purwanto will be the one to accompany you later, Oh Mr. Pur. - Monggo Pak Pur - Nggih I'll give you permission while filming Sir, yes Yes please So the history of this palace was built in 1745 So the name of this palace, Surakarta , was taken from the previous palace . So this palace used to exist to the west of there, about 20 km from here. There is a palace called the Kartasaura Palace. Well, because there was a commotion in Pacinan, the palace was damaged. Then the king moved it to this place. Well, this is where the owner used to be, the term for the village is Bapak Sala, you know, so the name Solo is taken from the name of the person who owned this area, formerly Mr. Ki Gede Sala . Then Surakarta was taken from Eee... The previous name of the Palace was Kartosuro, then moved here , so that's reversed. so Surokarto So that's it. Yes, Suro means brave - Keraton? - Yes, it's a replica of the palace like this. The museum is only that new. Hey, you're not allowed to enter the palace. No , but we can go in later just to see this pavilion number 15. Come on, this is the inside of the palace . The camera might be able to get in. You can get in. You can get in using this, you know, the camera. Watch your head! Apart from building the Surakarta Palace, PB II also built Pesanggrahan Garjitawati as a resting place for chariots and horsemen. The current location is in the Yogyakarta area. During the Ngayogyakarta Sultanate, this place continued its function and was rebuilt into Taman Sari. Taman Sari site. Well, this... before there were houses, this used to be a yard for parking horse-drawn carriages. Parking for horse-drawn carriages. Horse -drawn carriages used to transport the king, including his bodyguards. Well, this was for the yard , but now it has become a village. This is for the guard post. But yesterday it was hit by an earthquake. Finally it collapsed flat. Oohhh... So yesterday's earthquake damaged many of the buildings here. This is the resting place for soldiers while others are getting food, while others are, there are so many other bodyguards waiting here . While resting. Yes , but it's limited to the original example of... - Wood? - From bamboo or lincak, amben, OK? Well, this is... Originally this was the logo, the symbol of the palace (Surakarta) . Well, that used to be in the middle, hit by the earthquake vibrations and then destroyed . The shape is like... an egg. The scope of the palace here is the Solo palace. with Jogja. It used to be one but was split into two. So now we know that Taman Sari was built since PB II. At that time, the Ngayogyakarta Sultanate had not yet been established, Prince Mangkubumi, who would later become Hamengkubuwono I , still lived in the Surakarta palace with Pakubuwana II and still participated in the designing the construction of the Surakarta Palace. Prince Mangkubumi at that time was the only relative of Pakubuwono II who still had the potential to participate in royal politics. However, it turns out that Prince Mangkubumi was not alone. There is still a nephew who is interested in getting involved in politics because he is already too wet. It is Raden Mas Said. He was Mangkunegara's son who was exiled to Africa, so he certainly understood the political situation of the palace. To complete the information about Raden Mas Said, it's a good idea to go to Puro Mangkunegaran. Mas Arif Hello bro, Assalamualaikum This way, I'm sorry. And for PB II, he and his brother , P Arya Mangkunegara, are not like normal brothers, sir, maybe there was a big conflict, like they often quarrel, that's the easy term. There was a lot of conflict, until PB II slandered his older brother and slandered him for having had an affair with his concubine's wife , which resulted in Prince Arya Mangkunegara being punished and being exiled to Sri Lanka . Of course, his son didn't accept why his father was being singled out for being different even though he wasn't. Yes, he was still a member of the extended family of the Kartasura Palace. At that time, RM Said rebelled against the government of the Kartasura Palace . Until he left, he didn't want to live in the palace anymore and his followers. RM Said was his son, Prince Arya Mangkunegara. Prince Arya Mangkunegara was still his brother. PB II and HB I Yogyakarta . They separated. That's because in the past the terms were anti and pro Dutch. Just like his father, Prince Sambernyawa was honest and open in showing his political choices, and dared to oppose the VOC. He did not stay in the palace and continued the struggle of his army, RM Garendi Sunan Kuning, the remnants of the rebels in Geger Pacinan. These troops occupied the fertile land of Sukowati which is now part of Sragen Regency. PB II then held a competition to expel Prince Sambernyawa's troops from the land of Sukowati. The thing is, this land has good harvests. No one succeeded in expelling him except his own uncle, PB II's brother, prince Mangkubumi. As a gift, then P. Mangkubumi was given control of the Sukowati land . And at that time Pakubuwana II because he had been helped a lot in his palace by the Dutch VOC . So PB II paid the Dutch VOC not in money but in reality he was given land because the land belonging to his younger brother was taken arbitrarily by PB II. Of course Prince Mangkubumi, his younger brother, did not accept it because his land was taken away and given to the Dutch VOC. Prince Mangkubumi was hurt because he was underestimated and not defended when he was insulted by the Dutch. Prince Mangkubumi left the palace and joined Prince Sambernyowo's troops. Prince Mangkubumi and RM Said met in the Sukowati area which is now Sragen, that's right sir They met there, in coalition, yes, a secret meeting to attack the Surakarta Kasunanan Palace or the Solo Palace. On December 11, 1749, when PB II was sick, Baron von Hohendorff visited PB II and made an agreement with PB II which included, among other things, that PB II would hand over all his power. to the VOC after his death. So when PB II died on December 20 1749, Prince Sambernyawa and Prince Mangkubumi did not accept that Mataram fell into the hands of the Dutch VOC. Because both of them had the same interests, Prince Mangkubumi was crowned king of Mataram, and Prince Sambernyawa became his governor. Knowing this, it was the turn of the VOC officials who did not accept it because they already held the agreement that had been agreed with PB II when they were still alive. However, the VOC did not dare to attack Prince Mangkubumi because P. Mangkubumi had great power and was supported by Prince Sambernyawa. The VOC then made some sense. To save energy, Prince Mangkubumi let his own relatives fight. Who is it? Namely PB II's son, Raden Mas Suryadi , who was 17 years old at that time. It was appropriate, thought the VOC people. The VOC then returned power in Mataram to PB II's son. RM Suryadi was then appointed by the VOC as king with the title PB III. So at that time there were two kings in Mataram, Prince Mangkubumi who was supported by Prince Sambernyowo and PB III who was supported by the VOC. The war lasted for more than 10 years, sir, until 1755 until PB III abdicated, PB II's son and PB III thought a little differently. He didn't want or wasn't happy to fight with his own brothers. What happened was that PB III was like asking for help from the Dutch VOC, which ended up being mediated, mediated by the Dutch VOC . In the past, Dutch politics was divide et impera, so the royal family was pitted against each other. However, the VOC was indeed superior in terms of strategy. The most effective political strategy is divide et impera politics. Politics of division, politics of fighting against each other. In 1752, Prince Sambernyawa, who had made peace with Prince Mangkubumi , was incited to be careful with Prince Mangkubumi, Prince Mangkubumi was also incited to leave P. Sambernyawa, as well as being lured by power. This strategy succeeded in making the relationship between Prince Mangkubumi and Prince Sambernyowo strained. After a break, the VOC was able to calculate Prince Mangkubumi's strength. Prince Mangkubumi realized that he was not as strong as before. Therefore, the VOC considered this to be the right condition to carry out negotiations. Prince Mangkubumi was lured by half of Mataram's territory without having to spend any energy on fighting. This should be an attractive offer. The VOC invited Prince Mangkubumi and PB III to meet in the middle of the forest, under Mount Lawu. However, both of them were not allowed to invite Prince Sambernyowo. Prince Mangkubumi and PB III departed. The place for these negotiations is now in Jantiharjo Village, Dk. Kerten, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java Your destination is on the right. In this place on February 13, 1755. Witnessed by the Dutch, in the area which was then included in the Janti rural area, it was agreed that the Mataram Region would be divided into two. Half for Prince Mangkubumi and the other half for PB III. This agreement is called the giyanti agreement which is taken from the name of the village, namely janti village, and the old spelling is called yanti. So it is called the Giyanti Agreement. Playing against each other, yes. No, it means persuading to give unconditional power because of illness, that's not it After that , when the VOC appointed Prince Adipati Anom as this, the Prince then signed Haa's statement - That Mataram was a loan from the VOC. - Cunning, right? It's cunning hee.. They are stupid and keep borrowing it, the funny thing is... I only just found out. Yes, maybe I was taught that lesson before , yes, it's the same as Cirebon . It was split into three , then the other one because they didn't accept it , then it was facilitated by the Netherlands, you just split it up, you pitted it against each other , right? sheep The division of territory was actually also confusing, the boundaries were random, which was intentional by the Dutch so that in the future it could cause more conflict. That's the agreement as on paper, Dad. Yes, how come what's the connection here? The table - Where? - The location of so-and-so is here - The signature? - Come on - Location - Signing, right? Oh yes, the signing location is under this tree. The meeting, the deal. But there's no table. That's the table. Is this a table? I thought it was an inscription, it was written like that but apparently it wasn't. Cook is this a table? Yes, this looks like incense too. Yes Ohhh... the location is here The location is here . A place like this has been created, what do you do if... What's important is the documents, where are the documents? in the museum. Is there anything in it? - Usually there's still... - Yes, it's in the museum. Well, where's the museum, Dad? Solo I think Oh yes, for information the Giyanti agreement document archives are not kept at the Solo Museum but are kept at the National Library of the Republic of Indonesia. What is your message to the Arif Family brothers and sisters? Yes, that's how it is, so in relation to brothers, you have to get along well, make it peaceful , fight and break up, that's okay, after the agreement is signed by three parties. P. Mangkubumi then received a territory called Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat and had the title Hamengkubuwana I, and PB III received a territory called Surakarta Hadiningrat and was allowed to continue the title Pakubuwana to his future descendants. This means that after the agreement, Mataram Islam no longer existed. Mataram is over, split into two. - February huh? - Yes, February Every February 13th there is a warning here . Yes. From Yogya also came here. From Yogya also came here. Yogya and Solo here? Yes. Yogya and Solo are also here. Come on, sir. Please. Prince Mangkubumi then built his own palace, namely the Yogyakarta Palace. His title is Hamengkubuwana. Now let's go to Yogyakarta. The distance between the Surakarta Palace and the Yogyakarta Palace is around 65 km and if you travel by car via the Solo road it will take around one hour 45 minutes if there is no traffic jam. If you ride a horse like before, it should take longer. Before building the palace in Yogya on February 15 1755, two days after the Giyanti Agreement, Sultan Ngayogyakarta HB I and Sunan Surakarta PB III agreed to divide the culture of the two kingdoms which had now separated but were still of the same race. The culture in question includes clothing, language, gamelan, dance and other customs. HB I chose to inherit the old culture from Islamic Mataram while PB III chose to develop the culture to become a characteristic of the new Javanese culture. For this reason, until now, culture such as weddings and the form of blangkon have their own characteristics between Solo and Yogya. This cultural agreement was held in Jatisari Sapen Village, Mojolaban, Sukoharjo. So it is also called the Jatisari Agreement. If asked why HB I built the palace located far from the Surakarta palace, it was because he got part of the land there. Apart from that, the origin of Mataram was also originally located in Kotagede, which is now part of the Yogyakarta area. But the land area is large, why not in Kulon Progo, Sleman, Bantul or Gunungkidul? The Ngayogyakarta area during the Giyanti agreement was not the same as the Yogya area now, it is not the same as the Yogyakarta Special Region. Some areas even reach East Java, such as Malang, Mojokerto, Bojonegoro and so on , but they are random and change. So why is the main kedaton or palace here? Because here it was previously used for activities. Namely in the form of a guest house for royal guards to rest when going on a pilgrimage or escorting bodies to be buried at the Imogiri cemetery. Imogiri is the burial place of Mataram kings after Sultan Agung. Apart from that, this place is a place that has good water sources and a beautiful environment , making it suitable as a palace location. On March 13, 1755, Sultan HB I proclaimed the founding of Yogyakarta which was called Hadeging Nagari Ngayogyakarta. The Yogja Palace began construction on October 9, 1755 and was completed in 1756, a year after the Giyanti Agreement. During the construction process, Sultan HB I and his family and staff lived at Pesanggrahan Ambar Ketawang which is now part of the Gamping District, Sleman Regency. The process of moving from the guest house to the palace was carried out on Thursday Pahing, 7 October 1756. The total area of the Yogyakarta Palace is 144 hectares which includes all the places inside Baluwarti Fort, North Square, South Square, Gapura Gladak, and the Mosque Complex. Gedhe Yogyakarta. Meanwhile, the area of the main palace is around 13 hectares. This palace is located in the north square, apart from that there is a sari garden and others. They were not built simultaneously, but one by one. This was founded in 1758, the palace was founded in 1756. So the palace was built first in 1756, then two years later the Taman Sari area was built. I went there first. Similar to the Mataram Sultanate, the Yogya Palace adheres to Islam. As the king of an Islamic sultanate, Prince Mangkubumi certainly embraced Islam. It's called an Islamic sultanate, so it's not complete if it doesn't have a mosque. Therefore, on May 29, 1773, a mosque was built called "Kagungan Dalem Gedhe Mosque". The presence of a mosque near the palace and market has become a characteristic feature of district office town planning in Java to this day. The palace is for the umaro to organize the government, the mosque is for the hablum minallah, and the market is for the muamalah. From Jogja we now return to Solo again to find out the story of Prince Sambernyowo after being left alone and not invited to take part in negotiations with the VOC, Prince Mangkubumi and Pakubuwono III. Prince Sambernyawa, who was not invited to the negotiations, was heartbroken and felt betrayed by his coalition. Especially with Prince Mangkubumi. and of course, Raden Mas Said, after finding out about the news, he didn't accept it either, Wong Raden Mas Said had already helped Prince Mangkubumi. How come he didn't get a gift either - And he wasn't invited - He wasn't invited either, that's right And maybe the question also arises , bro, why the Giyanti Agreement? it was not carried out in the center of Kasunanan city, Solo. Because the agreement seemed to be hidden, like secretly, sir. Now he had to face three powers , namely the VOC, Yogyakarta and Surakarta. However, Prince Sambernyawa never gave up and continued to carry out attacks. Over time, the VOC became annoyed and offered P. Sambernyawa to negotiate in Salatiga. There an agreement was made which was called the Salatiga agreement. The content is to provide areas of authority to P. Sambernyawa named Mangkunegaran, continuing his father's name, Mangkunegara. Prince Sambernyawa had the title Mangkunegara I and was given a place on the throne called Puro Mangkunegaran which had the status of a duchy under the Kasunanan of Surakarta. Mangkunegara I is in the Salatiga agreement. Yes, the division is between Surakarta and Mangkunegaran Nggih. Well, there is a railway in Solo, yes , the one to the north is the Mangkunegaran area , the one to the south is Surakarta . The area used to reach Ponorogo to Karanganyar and part of Mount Lawu. Oh , I see, that's Tawangmangu, right? Yes, Tawangmangu Karanganyar is Mangkunergaran? The area is Mangkunegaran. For his own agreement, RM Said had three wishes. The first was that the fragments from Kasunanan in Solo would be used by RM. Said is called Mangukegara or Mangkunegaran from his father's name and the second name is RM. Said wants to have his own extensive power. RM's third wish. Said wanted to use the house of Patih Sindurejo or Dalem Sindurejan to use it as a residence for RM. It is said that in the past, Mangkunegaran was the residence of Patih Sindurejo, and the Patih gave it to RM. Said that his house should be used as a residence for his governor and then retired. Then yes, RM Said agreed that his three wishes were carried out by PB III, the Saltiga Agreement was written, the division of Kasunanan and Puro Mangkunegaran became the forerunner to the establishment of the Mangkunegaran dynasty or kingdom itself, sir, but for the conditions for its establishment Mangkunegaran should not be equal to Kasunanan Solo. Because there is already a palace, taken from the word Raton, the place of Queen Kanjeng Gusti, Prince Arya, Adipati Mangkunegara, that's the territory, yes, Mangkunegaran , not the palace . Here, Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta Hadiningrat , then the commander is Mangkunegara. Then Yogya also has its own warlord , Pakualaman. Pakualaman has a small area, yes, yes, that's the same. So here is Mangkunegaran. Yogya Pakualaman. Well, that's the same status. This was all because of Dutch politics. Pakualaman was a fragmented region of the Ngayogyakarta Sultanate during the British colonial period in 1813. This is far from the founding of the Yogyakarta Sultanate in 1755 and Mangkunegaran in 1757. Even though Mangkunegaran is older, its status is similar. The Pakualaman and Mangkunegaran rulers did not have authority beyond the Kasunanan of Surakarta and the Sultanate of Yogyakarta. The king cannot have the title Susuhunan, Sunan, or Sultan. His title is Duke. The Duchy of Pakualaman or Praja Pakualaman was founded on March 17 1813, when Prince Notokusumo, the son of Sultan Hamengku Buwono I from a concubine, was crowned by the British Governor General Sir Thomas Raffles as Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Paku Alam I. Why was he crowned as Paku Alam? After Sultan HB I died in 1792, the Yogya throne was handed over to his son RM Sundoro who then had the title Hamengkubuwana II. Sultan HB II really hated the Dutch. so that in 1810 at the age of 60 he was couped by the Dutch from the throne of Yogyakarta. Because he was accused of helping Raden Ronggo Madiun's rebellion against the Dutch, who was his son-in-law. R. Ronggo is HB II's son-in-law. The Dutch then appointed HB II's son, RM Suraja, with the title HB III at the age of 41. One year after this incident, in 1811 the Netherlands lost to England and the British took over Dutch rule on the island of Java. This situation was exploited by HB II to regain his throne. His son was asked to return as crown prince again. And similar to previous political views, PB II still did not like colonialists, including England. Then the British attacked Yogya in 1812 and arrested Sultan HB II for exile in Penang, Malaysia. In that incident, the contents of the Yogya Palace were looted by the British, the heirlooms, literature and treasures of the Yogya Palace were stolen. This event was known as Geger Sapehi and the British succeeded in robbing Yogya of gold amounting to several tons and transporting it by cart for days. After that RM Suraja was reappointed as Sultan HB III. To protect against the risk of rebellion from other family camps, HB II's younger brother, Prince Notokusumo, was appointed by Rafles as Pakualam I and given the authority of the Duchy of Pakualaman. So in that year, namely 1813, the Mataram dynasty split into four. They are Surakarta, Ngayogyakarta, Mangkunegaran and Pakualaman. Not long after this upheaval, in 1814, HB III died at the age of 45. Even though his life had a lot of contact with colonial nations, he had a son who later fought hard against the Dutch in a war called the Java War, namely Prince Diponegoro. Prince Diponegoro did not become the successor king to HB III , but because of his extraordinary services he was named a national hero during the era of the Republic of Indonesia. I think that's it for now, it will be connected again sometime in a longer genealogy Silisilah Yogyakarta which is more complete, as well as Surakarta, Mangkunegaran and Pakualaman. Thank you for listening until the end. Billahitaufiq walhidayah. Wassalamualaikum warohmatullahi wabarokaatuh.

Yogya has a palace, Solo also has a palace. In Yogya there are the Sultanates of Ngayogyakarta and Pakualaman, while in Solo there are the Kasunanan of Surakarta and Mangkunegaran. How did it start and what is its pedigree? In this video I will visit all the palaces that were the forerunners of the kingdom and trace their stories. Watch your head! Not only those that are still standing but also those that have collapsed. I started this walkthrough from the Demak mosque. Because all the Islamic kingdoms that still exist today, which I will visit later, all came from Demak. So Demak, Pajang then Mataram. Demak then disbanded and became the Pajang kingdom. After the Pajang kingdom, Islamic Mataram was founded. The founding of Mataram Islam was started by a figure named Ki Ageng Pemanahan. However, Ki Ageng Pemanahan cannot be called the first Islamic King of Mataram because his status at that time was still a duchy under the Pajang kingdom. In the past, it was Ki Penjawi , Ki Juru Mertani, Ki Ageng Pemanahan. In the past, what were they, Ki Ageng Selo? Mataram came to be because of them. Yes Yes, in the past it was like a father eating a plate of food and his son would definitely (ask) Ki Ageng Pemanahan to receive the land of Mataram and become a duke after successfully defeating Arya Penangsang during the reign of Sultan Hadiwijaya Pajang alias Raden Mas Karebet alias Jaka Tingkir. Ki Ageng Pemanahan has three apprentice brothers from Ki Ageng Selo Grobogan, namely Ki Ageng Penjawi and Ki Juru Mertani. Ki Ageng Penjawi got the Pati land in 1549 because his services helped defeat Arya Penangsang and Ki Ageng Pemanahan got the Mataram land in 1556. So the time difference is quite large. Ki Ageng Pemanahan ruled the Duchy of Mataram and died in 1584. So his status was still a duchy. After his death, the duchy throne was inherited by his son, Danang Sutawijaya. When he was little, Danang Sutawijaya was the adopted son of Sultan Hadiwijaya, the king of Pajang, and when he grew up , Danang Sutawijaya wanted Mataram to become an independent country, not under Pajang. This is also based on other conflicts. Danang Sutawijaya&#39;s request was not approved by Sultan Hadiwijaya, then Danang Sutawijaya rebelled. Even though he was outnumbered, Danang Sutawijaya managed to defeat the Pajang army because he was lucky to coincide with the eruption of Mount Merapi which made the Pajang army panic. Sultan Hadiwijoyo took this as a sign and finally granted Mataram independence from Pajang. After Mataram became independent and after Sultan Hadiwijaya died, Danang Sutawijaya then used the title Panembahan Senopati Ing Ngalaga. 1586 He refused to use the title Sultan to pay tribute to the late Sultan Hadiwijaya and his son Sultan Prabu Wijaya alias Pangeran Benowo. Pajang finally dropped to the status of a duchy under Mataram after Prince Benowo chose to step down from the throne and chose to become a cleric to teach Islam. Panembahan Senopati died in 1601, succeeded by his son born to Empress Pati, namely Raden Mas Jolang, who had the title Prabu Hanyokrowati. Prabu Hanyokrowati inherited her father&#39;s expertise in warfare and hunting animals in the forest. When he was still small, he was even asked to join the war against his uncle, Duke Pragola of Pati, who was thought to be involved in helping the Mediun rebellion. His uncle couldn&#39;t bear it and told Raden Mas Jolang to call his father. Prabu Hanyrakrawati died in 1613 while hunting animals in the Krapyak area of Yogya. That&#39;s why he was given the posthumous title Panembahan Sedo Ing Krapyak. During his lifetime, King Hanyokrowati had two consorts, the empress Dyah Banawati Raden Mas Jatmiko or Prince Rangsang was born and from another empress was born RM Wuryah or Prince Martopuro. Before he died, Prabu Hanyokrowati said that his successor would be RM Wuryah, but RM Wuryah was sick so he would not be able to carry out his government duties properly. Therefore, to carry out the will, RM Wuryah was appointed king for a day and then replaced by RM Jatmiko who then had the title Sultan Agung Hanyokrokusuma. Sultan Agung made many contributions to the renewal of Javanese culture, such as organizing the Sekaten festival which was held to coincide with the birth of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, compiling the Hanacaraka script, writing the Gendhing Serat Sastra, introducing graded grammar and creating his own calendar system, namely the Javanese calendar. The Javanese language we use today is also a legacy of Sultan Agung. In historical records, Sultan Agung refused to compromise with the VOC and chose the path of war to overthrow the VOC&#39;s power which had taken over Jakarta. This war occurred in 1628 and 1629. Sultan Agung&#39;s strategy was to surround the VOC by sea and land. Even though it was not successful, this incident gave the Javanese people the spirit to fight to become strong individuals. People who are not easily impressed, not easily influenced, not easily regretted and not thirsty for praise. Because of Sultan Agung&#39;s services, he was given the title of national hero in the era of Indonesian independence. Under Sultan Agung&#39;s rule, Mataram became a large kingdom and experienced the peak of its glory. Sultan Agung moved his palace from Kutogedhe to Kerto. Kerto is in which district now, sir? Pleret So from here then Pleret - Here, Kerto first - Kerto first Kerto is nearby Pleret, right? Yes, then after 1 km you will reach Pleret. Turn left, then your destination will be on the right. This is the Kerto Site. Former palace of Islamic Mataram during the era of Sultan Agung Hanyokrokusuma. When I was here, there wasn&#39;t much to see except the foundations, old walls that had been buried in the ground, and there were umpaks, stones to support the pillars of the palace. Even though it is just ruins, this place was an important place in its time. Sultan Agung died in 1645. After his departure, the throne was handed over to his son Raden Sayidin or Amangkurat I. In contrast to his father who was brave enough to challenge the Dutch colonialists, Amangkurat I or Amangkurat Agung chose the path of diplomacy , aka becoming an ally of the Dutch. The Mataram Islamic Palace was then moved by Amangkurat Agung from Kerto to Pleret. This is the Pleret archaeological museum, but unfortunately when I went there, the museum was closed. Even though it was closed, I was invited to see the Gumuling well, one of the royal wells left over from Islamic Mataram in the Amangkurat 1 era. From here I also got other information, such as the location of the Amangkurat 1 Palace, the fort and the mosque. Which I will also come to after this. Are you with a group? - What? - Entourage? I? Not. Just alone. This is one of the remains of the Pleret Islamic Mataram palace which only has bricks left in the ground. Apart from this, there should be more area, but most of it has become a residential location for residents. I&#39;m sure because the distance between this site and other sites, such as the former palace mosque, is quite far. As I said before, Amangkurat I&#39;s government was full of conflict. The first conflict during Amangkurat I&#39;s government was the conflict with Raden Alit. So Sultan Agung had another son from his first wife, namely Raden Alit. However, Raden Alit was younger than Amangkurat I. Therefore, this caused conflict. The decision to appoint Amangkurat as king was made at a critical moment, namely when Sultan Agung was ill and was about to die. The decision to appoint Amangkurat I made the courtiers suspicious. Perhaps this was a tactic of Amangkurat I. Knowing that many courtiers were suspicious, the people who were considered to be a danger to his power were all killed by Amangkurat I, including his younger brother Raden Alit. That was the first upheaval. From the palace site I was invited to see another site , namely the drainage canal and the former Pleret palace fort. It&#39;s spacious, which means the palace has all the water channels. Water tunnel. What you see is where ancient water channels were found, similar to paralons made of clay. This ancient pralon is called plempem or riul by local people. It is estimated that this has something to do with the channel from the royal fort which we will also visit after this. - The land was redeemed, right? - Yes, in the past there must have been forts, right? What I filmed from above is the former Mataram Islamic Pleret palace fort, but now only the foundations remain. Just like ancient kingdoms, fortress walls were an important part of palace buildings, because without fortifications enemies could easily attack and enter the palace. Moreover, Islamic Mataram at that time was prone to upheaval or rebellion, one of which was from Raden Trunojoyo. Raden Trunojoyo&#39;s resistance to Mataram since 1641 led to increasingly close relations between Amangkurat I and the VOC. Amangkurat I formed a coalition with the VOC and Raden Trunojoyo formed a coalition with fighters from Makassar led by Karaeng Galesong who was anti-VOC. Your destination is on the left. Now I am at the Pleret site which is a former mosque. At that time, Amangkurat I already had children, named Raden Mas Rahmad, who was the eldest child and his younger brother, Prince Puger. Even though he was his own son, Raden Mas Rahmad dared to rebel because his political choices were different from those of his father who had ties to the VOC. Raden Mas Rahmad then formed a coalition with Panembahan Giri and Raden Trunojoyo. Raden Mas Rahmad used Trunojoyo for his purposes to pressure his father. After his father&#39;s heart had melted, Raden Rahmad returned to defend his father because Trunojoyo was considered stronger and more dangerous. And sure enough, Trunojoyo succeeded in attacking the Islamic Mataram palace in Pleret in 1677. When Trunojoyo attacked the Pleret palace, Raden Rahmad and his father ran from the palace until they arrived in Tegal. And his younger brother, Prince Puger, was assigned to guard the palace. In exile, Amangkurat I finally handed over the throne to Raden Rahmad with the title Amangkurat II or also known as Sunan Amral. Amangkurat I died and was buried in Tegal. After the death of his father, Amangkurat II then asked the VOC for help to gather strength, because even though he was now king, he did not have a palace. Assisted by the VOC, Raden Mas Rahmad (Amangkurat II) returned to fight Trunojoyo&#39;s troops. Trunojoyo&#39;s troops were chased to Malang, and there Amangkurat II succeeded in ending Raden Trunojoyo with his own hands, witnessed by VOC officials. After returning to plered and obtaining legitimacy to the royal throne from his father, Amangkurat II faced his younger brother, Pangeran Puger, who also wanted to become king. When he was left to wander in Tegal until he arrived in Malang, Prince Puger felt that he had a service for Mataram. At that time, after Trunojoyo brought the contents of the palace to Kediri, He managed to regain control of the Plered Palace. And there he was crowned king of Mataram with the title Susuhunan in Ngalaga. Prince Puger continued the plered palace while Amangkurat II built a new palace in Kartosuro. Ma&#39;am, excuse me, would you like to ask where the Kartosuro Palace used to be, ma&#39;am? - Yes here. - Here? - The one with Katosuro written on it, you know - Here - Oh... here, Prince Puger refused to recognize Amangkurat II because he thought Amangkurat II had died with his father . So to overcome this, Amangkurat II asked for VOC assistance again to attack the Pleret palace. VOC supports but of course it&#39;s not free. In this conflict, Prince Puger finally lost and was willing to recognize Amangkurat II as the legitimate successor to the King of Mataram. This legitimacy was also obtained from another Mataram elder , namely Panembahan Natapraja from Kadilangu. Finally, the legitimate King was Amangkurat II. Even though he succeeded in becoming king, Mataram had to bear many debts. Because he could not afford to pay, Amangkurat II had to be willing to hand over half of Mataram&#39;s power to the VOC. Namely the northern half of Java, including Semarang, which eventually became the VOC&#39;s base port. One piece of evidence that can still be seen is the old city of Semarang and other old buildings such as Lawang Sewu. The VOC&#39;s power is getting stronger. making Amangkurat II secretly start fighting the VOC with the help of Untung Suropati. Prince Puger, who was ready to accept the throne of Amangkurat II, was sent to help protect Untung Suropati when he was about to be captured by the Dutch. These two brothers had united against the VOC. Yes, because there are similar interests. In 1703, as fate would have it, Amangkurat II died before Prince Puger. Amangkurat II only had one son named Raden Mas Sutikna or Sunan Mas. Raden Mas Sutikna then became king replacing his father with the title Amangkurat III. Amangkurat III is also close to Untung Suropati who is also anti-VOC. But he also faced problems in Mataram, namely from his own uncle, Pangeran Puger. It turns out that Prince Puger was not willing to let the throne of Mataram fall to Amangkurat III. Worried that it would become a problem, Amangkurat III first made a plan to kill his uncle. Prince Puger managed to escape to Semarang. In Semarang, Prince Puger, who initially fought the VOC, then chose to collaborate with the VOC, with the aim of seizing the Mataram throne. The VOC officials might laugh, as long as it is profitable, yes please, no problem. From Semarang, the VOC departed for Kartosuro. The Kartosuro Palace was then attacked by the VOC and Prince Puger, the palace was destroyed, Amangkurat III then fled to Ponorogo. Knowing that his alliance was being attacked, Untung Suropatii, who controlled Pasuruan, then went to help Amangkurat III. The VOC then looked for a way to destroy Untung Suropati and Amangkurat III by collaborating with Surabaya and Madura. In 1706, the coalition forces of Kartasura, VOC, Madura and Surabaya invaded Pasuruan. In the battle in Bangil, Untung Suropati died, then his children fled to Malang, Blitar and Kediri with Amangkurat III. For his consistent services against the Dutch, Untung Suropati was given the title of National Hero after Indonesia became independent. After that, Amangkurat III was finally captured while in Surabaya, he was not killed but exiled to Sri Lanka until he died there in 1734. The victory of the coalition of Kartasuro, VOC, Madura and Surabaya led Prince Puger to control the Kartasuro palace and become the next King of Mataram with the title PB I. PB I&#39;s rise to kingship of Mataram was not free. In return, the VOC requested that the Madura region become VOC territory and PB I had to continue the agreement made by Amangkurat II , namely paying off the remaining debt and providing an additional clause , namely sending tribute of 13,000 tons of rice every year for 25 years. Their name is VOC, debts to them must have interest. Similar to the IMF. Pakubuwana I died in 1719 and was succeeded by his son, Raden Mas Suryaputra, who had the title Amangkurat IV. So if you count from Panembahan Senopati, Amangkurat 4 is the 8th king in Islamic Mataram. Even though his father held the title PB I, Raden Mas Surya did not use the title Pakubuwono II but instead used the title amangkurat IV, continuing the title of his cousin who was exiled by the Dutch to Sri Lanka, namely amangkurat III. I think this is a political strategy to gain legitimacy, because the name amangkurat has been used since the time of Sultan Agung&#39;s son, his grandfather. Apart from that, so that in the future no descendants of Amangkurat III can hold the title Amangkurat IV. In the Amagkurat IV era, Mataram experienced decline because most of its territory was under VOC rule. The situation is already chaotic. Society in Java is divided into five factions. Amangkurat IV was forced to ask for help from the VOC to overcome the other four factions which had succeeded in controlling Blitar, Malang, Mojokerto, Madiun, Blora, Grobogan and Pati. Amangkurat IV would later depose the king of Surakarta and Yogyakarta. Amangkurat IV had 4 sons , namely Raden Mas Prabasuyasa (PB II), Prince Mangkubumi (HB I), Prince Arya Mangkunegara, and RM Sandeyo (Nur Iman Mlangi). Of his four sons, Amangkurat 4&#39;s successor is Raden Mas Prabasuyasa who holds the title PB II. These three people were considered to be a danger to PB II&#39;s throne. Let me introduce them one by one. The first is RM Sandeyo. RM. Sandeyo is a half-brother born to RA&#39;s mother. Retno Susilowati, daughter of Untung Suropati. So RM Sandewo is the grandson of Untung Suropati. As a child, RM Sandeyo grew up in Pasuruan. Fortunately, Suropati&#39;s grandfather was a student , so RM Sandeyo was educated in an Islamic boarding school environment. When he was an adult he was taken to the palace. In the palace he didn&#39;t really care about the position of king even though he was the eldest son, the oldest in age. RM Sandeyo chose to live as an ordinary person and changed his name to Kyai Nur Iman. Kyai Nur Iman then applied the knowledge he had gained at the Islamic boarding school and founded an Islamic boarding school in Mlangi village, Sleman, Yogyakarta. So it is also called, Kyai Nur Iman Mlangi. His other older brother is Prince Mangkunegara. Prince Mangkunegara, even though he was a brother of PB II, was one of the front men with the VOC. For several reasons, Prince Mangkunegoro was considered to be endangering PB II&#39;s position. Prince Mangkunegara was slandered and arrested by the VOC , then exiled in Sri Lanka , then reportedly moved to Africa, and died in Cape Town, South Africa. Another merchant was Prince Mangkubumi. Prince Mangkubumi was the only half-brother of Pakubuwono II who still had political power after RM Sandeyo chose to become a cleric and Prince Arya Mangkunegara was exiled abroad. PB II became king of Mataram when he was only 15 years old, still in middle school now. So it&#39;s natural that he is still unstable. He was still easily dragged left and right, sometimes as an enemy of the VOC and sometimes as a supporter. At first PB II was a king who was anti-VOC. The proof is that he once swore all his dukes to be loyal to Mataram and dared to expel the VOC from Java. He also helped the Chinese troops in Semarang to fight the VOC. At that time, people of Chinese and Javanese descent united to fight the VOC. This incident started with a feeling of disapproval from the Chinese community in Java because many of his relatives in Batavia were massacred in the Netherlands. This incident is called Geger Pacinan. Well, PB II supports this movement. He is in that camp. However, seeing the increasingly strong condition of the VOC, PB II began to falter, especially when Cakraningrat IV, the Regent of West Madura , who was his own brother-in-law, began to want independence and collaborated with the Dutch to fight it. In 1742, PB II, which initially fought against the Dutch, decided to form a coalition with the Dutch to maintain its power. Knowing this, Adipati Cakraningrat IV did not attack Mataram. However, this decision angered another party, namely Raden Mas Garendi. Who is he? Raden Mas Garendi is a figure who led the Javanese and Chinese to unite against the Dutch. He is the grandson of Amangkurat III who was exiled to Sri Lanka. And his father, Prince Tepasana, died in Kartasura during the conflict with PB I or Prince Puger at that time. So Raden Mas Garendi is still a descendant of Mataram and still has the right to inherit the Mataram throne. When the upheaval occurred, Raden Mas Garendi was rescued by his uncle, Wiramenggolo and forced to flee to Grobogan. There he was appointed by a man of Chinese descent named Tan He Tik. That&#39;s why Raden Mas Garendi was able to get along with people of Chinese descent so they could join together to fight the VOC. Because of his clean yellow skin and handsome appearance, Raden Mas Garendi was nicknamed Sunan Kuning. In Grobogan, Raden Mas Garendi gathered strength. Three Javanese brigades and three Chinese brigades were assembled to attack Pakubuwana II in Kartasura. On April 6 1742, in Pati, Raden Mas Garendi was crowned as Sunan Mataram replacing Pakubuwana II. He had the title Amangkurat V. So at that time there were two kings PB II and Amangkurat V. On June 30 1742, Amangkurat V&#39;s troops succeeded in breaking through the Kartasura Palace fortress with cannons. The damaged walls still have traces of them to this day. The condition of the Kartasura palace became chaotic and destroyed. This event is a series of events called Geger Pacinan. Pakubuwana II and his family were evacuated by Captain Van Hohendorff&#39;s troops from the VOC and fled over Mount Lawu until they arrived in Ponorogo. So the story goes that later there he had an heirloom whose name was described as the Kyai Slamet Buffalo. On July 1, 1742, Sunan Kuning officially became king in Kartasura with the title Amangkurat V. There is a candrasengkala which reads &quot;Pandita anom angoyog universe&quot; which means the young leader who shook the world. However, Amangkurat V&#39;s throne did not last long, on November 26 1742, so less than 6 months later, Kartasura, which had been controlled by Amangkurat V , was attacked from three sides by Cakraningrat IV, the Regent of West Madura from the direction of Bengawan Solo, Pakubuwana II from Ngawi, and troops VOC from Ungaran and Salatiga. Amangkurat V and his troops ran south. In September 1743, Amangkurat V and his troops were captured in Surabaya and then exiled to Sri Lanka. His fate was the same as his grandfather, Amangkurat III. From this incident, the Dutch made propaganda so that Javanese and Chinese could not get along. The reason is, if the Javanese and Chinese people can get along and unite, they can bring great power that could endanger the Netherlands. Another form of propaganda is character assassination. The name Sunan Kuning has been corrupted and its petilasan has now even been used as the name of a localization in Semarang. The losers continued to ask the VOC for help. To defeat the strong. So, in the end, we became dependent on the VOC. Yes, finally the VOC got the lands Eeee... in areas including Semarang they are mortgaged - Including the north coast, this is controlled by them - Tegal , including that, Raden Mas Garendi, Sunan Kuning Nggih , that is close to Raden Mas Said Anu nggih, Mangkunegaran Mangkunegaran Lha I was given instructions from Father Dorojati , namely to go to the Surakarta library Nggih Looking for traces of Raden Mas Garendi with, what... books that are close to Raden Mas Said Yes That&#39;s because the history is related then there will be continuity there Nggih Regardless of whether it&#39;s a makam (grave) or maqom (petilasan) I&#39;m not up to that, Nggih - Monggo monggo - Nggih Assalamualaikum Waalaikumsalam Turn left then turn right onto Jalan Abdurrahman Saleh After that, PB II returned to control the throne of Mataram again. Even though the Kartosuro palace could still be repaired, PB II chose to move the palace from Kartosuro to a new area which at that time was an area owned by Ki Gede Sala. PB II bought land from Ki Gede Sala to build a palace. That&#39;s why Surakarta is also called the city of Sala or now Solo. On that land, PB II, with the assistance of the Dutch VOC, built a new palace called the Surakarta Palace. The name is taken from the name of the old palace which was reversed, namely Kartasura became Surakarta. Sura means brave, karta means prosperity. So if combined it means a kingdom that dares to prosper. Mr. Arif, Mr. Purwanto will be the one to accompany you later, Oh Mr. Pur. - Monggo Pak Pur - Nggih I&#39;ll give you permission while filming Sir, yes Yes please So the history of this palace was built in 1745 So the name of this palace, Surakarta , was taken from the previous palace . So this palace used to exist to the west of there, about 20 km from here. There is a palace called the Kartasaura Palace. Well, because there was a commotion in Pacinan, the palace was damaged. Then the king moved it to this place. Well, this is where the owner used to be, the term for the village is Bapak Sala, you know, so the name Solo is taken from the name of the person who owned this area, formerly Mr. Ki Gede Sala . Then Surakarta was taken from Eee... The previous name of the Palace was Kartosuro, then moved here , so that&#39;s reversed. so Surokarto So that&#39;s it. Yes, Suro means brave - Keraton? - Yes, it&#39;s a replica of the palace like this. The museum is only that new. Hey, you&#39;re not allowed to enter the palace. No , but we can go in later just to see this pavilion number 15. Come on, this is the inside of the palace . The camera might be able to get in. You can get in. You can get in using this, you know, the camera. Watch your head! Apart from building the Surakarta Palace, PB II also built Pesanggrahan Garjitawati as a resting place for chariots and horsemen. The current location is in the Yogyakarta area. During the Ngayogyakarta Sultanate, this place continued its function and was rebuilt into Taman Sari. Taman Sari site. Well, this... before there were houses, this used to be a yard for parking horse-drawn carriages. Parking for horse-drawn carriages. Horse -drawn carriages used to transport the king, including his bodyguards. Well, this was for the yard , but now it has become a village. This is for the guard post. But yesterday it was hit by an earthquake. Finally it collapsed flat. Oohhh... So yesterday&#39;s earthquake damaged many of the buildings here. This is the resting place for soldiers while others are getting food, while others are, there are so many other bodyguards waiting here . While resting. Yes , but it&#39;s limited to the original example of... - Wood? - From bamboo or lincak, amben, OK? Well, this is... Originally this was the logo, the symbol of the palace (Surakarta) . Well, that used to be in the middle, hit by the earthquake vibrations and then destroyed . The shape is like... an egg. The scope of the palace here is the Solo palace. with Jogja. It used to be one but was split into two. So now we know that Taman Sari was built since PB II. At that time, the Ngayogyakarta Sultanate had not yet been established, Prince Mangkubumi, who would later become Hamengkubuwono I , still lived in the Surakarta palace with Pakubuwana II and still participated in the designing the construction of the Surakarta Palace. Prince Mangkubumi at that time was the only relative of Pakubuwono II who still had the potential to participate in royal politics. However, it turns out that Prince Mangkubumi was not alone. There is still a nephew who is interested in getting involved in politics because he is already too wet. It is Raden Mas Said. He was Mangkunegara&#39;s son who was exiled to Africa, so he certainly understood the political situation of the palace. To complete the information about Raden Mas Said, it&#39;s a good idea to go to Puro Mangkunegaran. Mas Arif Hello bro, Assalamualaikum This way, I&#39;m sorry. And for PB II, he and his brother , P Arya Mangkunegara, are not like normal brothers, sir, maybe there was a big conflict, like they often quarrel, that&#39;s the easy term. There was a lot of conflict, until PB II slandered his older brother and slandered him for having had an affair with his concubine&#39;s wife , which resulted in Prince Arya Mangkunegara being punished and being exiled to Sri Lanka . Of course, his son didn&#39;t accept why his father was being singled out for being different even though he wasn&#39;t. Yes, he was still a member of the extended family of the Kartasura Palace. At that time, RM Said rebelled against the government of the Kartasura Palace . Until he left, he didn&#39;t want to live in the palace anymore and his followers. RM Said was his son, Prince Arya Mangkunegara. Prince Arya Mangkunegara was still his brother. PB II and HB I Yogyakarta . They separated. That&#39;s because in the past the terms were anti and pro Dutch. Just like his father, Prince Sambernyawa was honest and open in showing his political choices, and dared to oppose the VOC. He did not stay in the palace and continued the struggle of his army, RM Garendi Sunan Kuning, the remnants of the rebels in Geger Pacinan. These troops occupied the fertile land of Sukowati which is now part of Sragen Regency. PB II then held a competition to expel Prince Sambernyawa&#39;s troops from the land of Sukowati. The thing is, this land has good harvests. No one succeeded in expelling him except his own uncle, PB II&#39;s brother, prince Mangkubumi. As a gift, then P. Mangkubumi was given control of the Sukowati land . And at that time Pakubuwana II because he had been helped a lot in his palace by the Dutch VOC . So PB II paid the Dutch VOC not in money but in reality he was given land because the land belonging to his younger brother was taken arbitrarily by PB II. Of course Prince Mangkubumi, his younger brother, did not accept it because his land was taken away and given to the Dutch VOC. Prince Mangkubumi was hurt because he was underestimated and not defended when he was insulted by the Dutch. Prince Mangkubumi left the palace and joined Prince Sambernyowo&#39;s troops. Prince Mangkubumi and RM Said met in the Sukowati area which is now Sragen, that&#39;s right sir They met there, in coalition, yes, a secret meeting to attack the Surakarta Kasunanan Palace or the Solo Palace. On December 11, 1749, when PB II was sick, Baron von Hohendorff visited PB II and made an agreement with PB II which included, among other things, that PB II would hand over all his power. to the VOC after his death. So when PB II died on December 20 1749, Prince Sambernyawa and Prince Mangkubumi did not accept that Mataram fell into the hands of the Dutch VOC. Because both of them had the same interests, Prince Mangkubumi was crowned king of Mataram, and Prince Sambernyawa became his governor. Knowing this, it was the turn of the VOC officials who did not accept it because they already held the agreement that had been agreed with PB II when they were still alive. However, the VOC did not dare to attack Prince Mangkubumi because P. Mangkubumi had great power and was supported by Prince Sambernyawa. The VOC then made some sense. To save energy, Prince Mangkubumi let his own relatives fight. Who is it? Namely PB II&#39;s son, Raden Mas Suryadi , who was 17 years old at that time. It was appropriate, thought the VOC people. The VOC then returned power in Mataram to PB II&#39;s son. RM Suryadi was then appointed by the VOC as king with the title PB III. So at that time there were two kings in Mataram, Prince Mangkubumi who was supported by Prince Sambernyowo and PB III who was supported by the VOC. The war lasted for more than 10 years, sir, until 1755 until PB III abdicated, PB II&#39;s son and PB III thought a little differently. He didn&#39;t want or wasn&#39;t happy to fight with his own brothers. What happened was that PB III was like asking for help from the Dutch VOC, which ended up being mediated, mediated by the Dutch VOC . In the past, Dutch politics was divide et impera, so the royal family was pitted against each other. However, the VOC was indeed superior in terms of strategy. The most effective political strategy is divide et impera politics. Politics of division, politics of fighting against each other. In 1752, Prince Sambernyawa, who had made peace with Prince Mangkubumi , was incited to be careful with Prince Mangkubumi, Prince Mangkubumi was also incited to leave P. Sambernyawa, as well as being lured by power. This strategy succeeded in making the relationship between Prince Mangkubumi and Prince Sambernyowo strained. After a break, the VOC was able to calculate Prince Mangkubumi&#39;s strength. Prince Mangkubumi realized that he was not as strong as before. Therefore, the VOC considered this to be the right condition to carry out negotiations. Prince Mangkubumi was lured by half of Mataram&#39;s territory without having to spend any energy on fighting. This should be an attractive offer. The VOC invited Prince Mangkubumi and PB III to meet in the middle of the forest, under Mount Lawu. However, both of them were not allowed to invite Prince Sambernyowo. Prince Mangkubumi and PB III departed. The place for these negotiations is now in Jantiharjo Village, Dk. Kerten, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java Your destination is on the right. In this place on February 13, 1755. Witnessed by the Dutch, in the area which was then included in the Janti rural area, it was agreed that the Mataram Region would be divided into two. Half for Prince Mangkubumi and the other half for PB III. This agreement is called the giyanti agreement which is taken from the name of the village, namely janti village, and the old spelling is called yanti. So it is called the Giyanti Agreement. Playing against each other, yes. No, it means persuading to give unconditional power because of illness, that&#39;s not it After that , when the VOC appointed Prince Adipati Anom as this, the Prince then signed Haa&#39;s statement - That Mataram was a loan from the VOC. - Cunning, right? It&#39;s cunning hee.. They are stupid and keep borrowing it, the funny thing is... I only just found out. Yes, maybe I was taught that lesson before , yes, it&#39;s the same as Cirebon . It was split into three , then the other one because they didn&#39;t accept it , then it was facilitated by the Netherlands, you just split it up, you pitted it against each other , right? sheep The division of territory was actually also confusing, the boundaries were random, which was intentional by the Dutch so that in the future it could cause more conflict. That&#39;s the agreement as on paper, Dad. Yes, how come what&#39;s the connection here? The table - Where? - The location of so-and-so is here - The signature? - Come on - Location - Signing, right? Oh yes, the signing location is under this tree. The meeting, the deal. But there&#39;s no table. That&#39;s the table. Is this a table? I thought it was an inscription, it was written like that but apparently it wasn&#39;t. Cook is this a table? Yes, this looks like incense too. Yes Ohhh... the location is here The location is here . A place like this has been created, what do you do if... What&#39;s important is the documents, where are the documents? in the museum. Is there anything in it? - Usually there&#39;s still... - Yes, it&#39;s in the museum. Well, where&#39;s the museum, Dad? Solo I think Oh yes, for information the Giyanti agreement document archives are not kept at the Solo Museum but are kept at the National Library of the Republic of Indonesia. What is your message to the Arif Family brothers and sisters? Yes, that&#39;s how it is, so in relation to brothers, you have to get along well, make it peaceful , fight and break up, that&#39;s okay, after the agreement is signed by three parties. P. Mangkubumi then received a territory called Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat and had the title Hamengkubuwana I, and PB III received a territory called Surakarta Hadiningrat and was allowed to continue the title Pakubuwana to his future descendants. This means that after the agreement, Mataram Islam no longer existed. Mataram is over, split into two. - February huh? - Yes, February Every February 13th there is a warning here . Yes. From Yogya also came here. From Yogya also came here. Yogya and Solo here? Yes. Yogya and Solo are also here. Come on, sir. Please. Prince Mangkubumi then built his own palace, namely the Yogyakarta Palace. His title is Hamengkubuwana. Now let&#39;s go to Yogyakarta. The distance between the Surakarta Palace and the Yogyakarta Palace is around 65 km and if you travel by car via the Solo road it will take around one hour 45 minutes if there is no traffic jam. If you ride a horse like before, it should take longer. Before building the palace in Yogya on February 15 1755, two days after the Giyanti Agreement, Sultan Ngayogyakarta HB I and Sunan Surakarta PB III agreed to divide the culture of the two kingdoms which had now separated but were still of the same race. The culture in question includes clothing, language, gamelan, dance and other customs. HB I chose to inherit the old culture from Islamic Mataram while PB III chose to develop the culture to become a characteristic of the new Javanese culture. For this reason, until now, culture such as weddings and the form of blangkon have their own characteristics between Solo and Yogya. This cultural agreement was held in Jatisari Sapen Village, Mojolaban, Sukoharjo. So it is also called the Jatisari Agreement. If asked why HB I built the palace located far from the Surakarta palace, it was because he got part of the land there. Apart from that, the origin of Mataram was also originally located in Kotagede, which is now part of the Yogyakarta area. But the land area is large, why not in Kulon Progo, Sleman, Bantul or Gunungkidul? The Ngayogyakarta area during the Giyanti agreement was not the same as the Yogya area now, it is not the same as the Yogyakarta Special Region. Some areas even reach East Java, such as Malang, Mojokerto, Bojonegoro and so on , but they are random and change. So why is the main kedaton or palace here? Because here it was previously used for activities. Namely in the form of a guest house for royal guards to rest when going on a pilgrimage or escorting bodies to be buried at the Imogiri cemetery. Imogiri is the burial place of Mataram kings after Sultan Agung. Apart from that, this place is a place that has good water sources and a beautiful environment , making it suitable as a palace location. On March 13, 1755, Sultan HB I proclaimed the founding of Yogyakarta which was called Hadeging Nagari Ngayogyakarta. The Yogja Palace began construction on October 9, 1755 and was completed in 1756, a year after the Giyanti Agreement. During the construction process, Sultan HB I and his family and staff lived at Pesanggrahan Ambar Ketawang which is now part of the Gamping District, Sleman Regency. The process of moving from the guest house to the palace was carried out on Thursday Pahing, 7 October 1756. The total area of the Yogyakarta Palace is 144 hectares which includes all the places inside Baluwarti Fort, North Square, South Square, Gapura Gladak, and the Mosque Complex. Gedhe Yogyakarta. Meanwhile, the area of the main palace is around 13 hectares. This palace is located in the north square, apart from that there is a sari garden and others. They were not built simultaneously, but one by one. This was founded in 1758, the palace was founded in 1756. So the palace was built first in 1756, then two years later the Taman Sari area was built. I went there first. Similar to the Mataram Sultanate, the Yogya Palace adheres to Islam. As the king of an Islamic sultanate, Prince Mangkubumi certainly embraced Islam. It&#39;s called an Islamic sultanate, so it&#39;s not complete if it doesn&#39;t have a mosque. Therefore, on May 29, 1773, a mosque was built called &quot;Kagungan Dalem Gedhe Mosque&quot;. The presence of a mosque near the palace and market has become a characteristic feature of district office town planning in Java to this day. The palace is for the umaro to organize the government, the mosque is for the hablum minallah, and the market is for the muamalah. From Jogja we now return to Solo again to find out the story of Prince Sambernyowo after being left alone and not invited to take part in negotiations with the VOC, Prince Mangkubumi and Pakubuwono III. Prince Sambernyawa, who was not invited to the negotiations, was heartbroken and felt betrayed by his coalition. Especially with Prince Mangkubumi. and of course, Raden Mas Said, after finding out about the news, he didn&#39;t accept it either, Wong Raden Mas Said had already helped Prince Mangkubumi. How come he didn&#39;t get a gift either - And he wasn&#39;t invited - He wasn&#39;t invited either, that&#39;s right And maybe the question also arises , bro, why the Giyanti Agreement? it was not carried out in the center of Kasunanan city, Solo. Because the agreement seemed to be hidden, like secretly, sir. Now he had to face three powers , namely the VOC, Yogyakarta and Surakarta. However, Prince Sambernyawa never gave up and continued to carry out attacks. Over time, the VOC became annoyed and offered P. Sambernyawa to negotiate in Salatiga. There an agreement was made which was called the Salatiga agreement. The content is to provide areas of authority to P. Sambernyawa named Mangkunegaran, continuing his father&#39;s name, Mangkunegara. Prince Sambernyawa had the title Mangkunegara I and was given a place on the throne called Puro Mangkunegaran which had the status of a duchy under the Kasunanan of Surakarta. Mangkunegara I is in the Salatiga agreement. Yes, the division is between Surakarta and Mangkunegaran Nggih. Well, there is a railway in Solo, yes , the one to the north is the Mangkunegaran area , the one to the south is Surakarta . The area used to reach Ponorogo to Karanganyar and part of Mount Lawu. Oh , I see, that&#39;s Tawangmangu, right? Yes, Tawangmangu Karanganyar is Mangkunergaran? The area is Mangkunegaran. For his own agreement, RM Said had three wishes. The first was that the fragments from Kasunanan in Solo would be used by RM. Said is called Mangukegara or Mangkunegaran from his father&#39;s name and the second name is RM. Said wants to have his own extensive power. RM&#39;s third wish. Said wanted to use the house of Patih Sindurejo or Dalem Sindurejan to use it as a residence for RM. It is said that in the past, Mangkunegaran was the residence of Patih Sindurejo, and the Patih gave it to RM. Said that his house should be used as a residence for his governor and then retired. Then yes, RM Said agreed that his three wishes were carried out by PB III, the Saltiga Agreement was written, the division of Kasunanan and Puro Mangkunegaran became the forerunner to the establishment of the Mangkunegaran dynasty or kingdom itself, sir, but for the conditions for its establishment Mangkunegaran should not be equal to Kasunanan Solo. Because there is already a palace, taken from the word Raton, the place of Queen Kanjeng Gusti, Prince Arya, Adipati Mangkunegara, that&#39;s the territory, yes, Mangkunegaran , not the palace . Here, Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta Hadiningrat , then the commander is Mangkunegara. Then Yogya also has its own warlord , Pakualaman. Pakualaman has a small area, yes, yes, that&#39;s the same. So here is Mangkunegaran. Yogya Pakualaman. Well, that&#39;s the same status. This was all because of Dutch politics. Pakualaman was a fragmented region of the Ngayogyakarta Sultanate during the British colonial period in 1813. This is far from the founding of the Yogyakarta Sultanate in 1755 and Mangkunegaran in 1757. Even though Mangkunegaran is older, its status is similar. The Pakualaman and Mangkunegaran rulers did not have authority beyond the Kasunanan of Surakarta and the Sultanate of Yogyakarta. The king cannot have the title Susuhunan, Sunan, or Sultan. His title is Duke. The Duchy of Pakualaman or Praja Pakualaman was founded on March 17 1813, when Prince Notokusumo, the son of Sultan Hamengku Buwono I from a concubine, was crowned by the British Governor General Sir Thomas Raffles as Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Paku Alam I. Why was he crowned as Paku Alam? After Sultan HB I died in 1792, the Yogya throne was handed over to his son RM Sundoro who then had the title Hamengkubuwana II. Sultan HB II really hated the Dutch. so that in 1810 at the age of 60 he was couped by the Dutch from the throne of Yogyakarta. Because he was accused of helping Raden Ronggo Madiun&#39;s rebellion against the Dutch, who was his son-in-law. R. Ronggo is HB II&#39;s son-in-law. The Dutch then appointed HB II&#39;s son, RM Suraja, with the title HB III at the age of 41. One year after this incident, in 1811 the Netherlands lost to England and the British took over Dutch rule on the island of Java. This situation was exploited by HB II to regain his throne. His son was asked to return as crown prince again. And similar to previous political views, PB II still did not like colonialists, including England. Then the British attacked Yogya in 1812 and arrested Sultan HB II for exile in Penang, Malaysia. In that incident, the contents of the Yogya Palace were looted by the British, the heirlooms, literature and treasures of the Yogya Palace were stolen. This event was known as Geger Sapehi and the British succeeded in robbing Yogya of gold amounting to several tons and transporting it by cart for days. After that RM Suraja was reappointed as Sultan HB III. To protect against the risk of rebellion from other family camps, HB II&#39;s younger brother, Prince Notokusumo, was appointed by Rafles as Pakualam I and given the authority of the Duchy of Pakualaman. So in that year, namely 1813, the Mataram dynasty split into four. They are Surakarta, Ngayogyakarta, Mangkunegaran and Pakualaman. Not long after this upheaval, in 1814, HB III died at the age of 45. Even though his life had a lot of contact with colonial nations, he had a son who later fought hard against the Dutch in a war called the Java War, namely Prince Diponegoro. Prince Diponegoro did not become the successor king to HB III , but because of his extraordinary services he was named a national hero during the era of the Republic of Indonesia. I think that&#39;s it for now, it will be connected again sometime in a longer genealogy Silisilah Yogyakarta which is more complete, as well as Surakarta, Mangkunegaran and Pakualaman. Thank you for listening until the end. Billahitaufiq walhidayah. Wassalamualaikum warohmatullahi wabarokaatuh.

Transcript for:History of Sultanates in Yogya and Solo

Transcript for:
History of Sultanates in Yogya and Solo