Hey everybody, Dr. O here. In this video we’re going to talk about the Fed versus Fasted State. Just to get some things out of the way. The Fed State, the key thing to know is its other name as the Absorptive State because it’s when you’re absorbing nutrients that you just ate. Um, the Fed State is usually going to be in the window of up to 4 hours after you eat, and the Fed State is dominated by insulin. The Fasted State is also known as the Post Absorptive State, it’s going to be any time when you haven’t ate, at least a few hours and it’s going to be dominated by glucagon. So, let’s go ahead and take a look at the Fed State first and then the Fasted State, we’re going to look at what’s happening at the liver, at the muscles, and at the fat fat tissue. So here we’ll, lets just start on after you eat there’s in an influx of nutrients coming in unless you’re on a very low carb diet, that’s going to involve the absorption of a lot of glucose and as your blood glucose rises that’s going to stimulate insulin. Insulin, insulins primary job is to lower blood glucose but it’s actually an anabolic storage hormone so as you’re going to see it plays a role in fat storage and amino acid storage and synthesis as well. Alright, let’s start at the liver. So, at the liver the key thing that’s going to happen is this excess glucose that’s not being used for fuel elsewhere will be stored as glycogen. So, the liver turns glucose into glycogen, that’s the storage form of carbohydrate in the human body. You also see that you can certainly see some extra amino acids being converted into ketones as well. Ketone body’s if you’re on a higher protein diet potentially. Muscle cells same thing. They’re going to take in that glucose and they’re going to use some for fuel and store some for as glycogen. Insulin is also going to lead in muscle cells to absorb amino acids and use them to build muscle as well. And the adipose cells, your fat cells, they’re going to take it in an excess energy and store it as fat. So that’s whats happening during the the Fed State. After you’ve eaten your body is going to use what it needs in the moment but primarily it’s going to be storing what you just consumed. That’s the Fed State. Now we have the Post Absorptive or Fasted State. Notice theres nothing coming in through the intestines now because you haven’t eaten, in let’s say, 4 or more hours maybe if you think about it, it’s called breakfast for a reason. If you had supper at 6pm and you wake up at 7 and and eat. You’ve gone 13 hours without eating so that would be the Fasted State. So, as blood glucose levels drop, insulin levels should also drop, and glucagon should take over. Glucagons primary job is to keep your blood glucose up. So, at the liver cell youre going to see this this glycogen that you’ve stored, that’s going to be turned back into glucose. And then also we can be burning some ketones for fuel if needed. Muscle cells, same thing. The glycogen your muscle cells took up are now going to be turned back into glucose and used for fuel. And you could also be you could al if you need to increase blood glucose levels and you don’t have carbohydrates uh we’ll see what fat can do. But you can also break down proteins and use them for fuel as well. And then thirdly we have the adipose cells. They they stored that the excess calories, excess energies, as fat. Now they’re going to be releasing that fat so it can be oxidized using beta oxidation to generate ATP or it can be used to produce ketones. So that is the Fed versus Fasted State, what’s happening in your body whether it depends on whether you’ve recently eaten or you haven’t. But in the end, every cell needs fuel every second. If we don’t keep our our mitochondria turning out ATP we don’t have a metabolism and if you don’t have a metabolism, you don’t have life. So alright I hope this helps. Have a wonderful day. Be blessed.