Lecture on Anti-Diabetic Agents

Introduction

• Anti means Opposite and Diabetic means Diabetes.
• Anti-Diabetic Agents are the medications that help in curing diabetes.

What is Diabetes?

• The level of glucose in the blood increases.
• After eating, glucose is absorbed in the intestine and goes into the blood.
• Insulin works to carry glucose from the blood into cells.

About Insulin

• An essential hormone released from the beta cells in the pancreas.
• Regulates glucose levels in the blood.
• Diabetes occurs due to a lack of insulin or receptor malfunction.

Classification of Anti-Diabetic Drugs

• Sulfonylureas: like Tolbutamide, Chlorpropamide.
• Biguanides: like Metformin.
• Thiazolidinediones: like Rosiglitazone, Pioglitazone.
• Megalitinides: like Repaglinide.
• Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors: like Voglibose, Acarbose.

Function of Sulfonylureas

• Increase the release of insulin.
• Close potassium channels to increase the flow of calcium.

Function of Metformin

• Activates AMP-K to inhibit gluconeogenesis.
• Reduces glucose output in the liver.
• Decreases appetite.

Function of Thiazolidinediones

• Bind with the PPAR-γ receptor.
• Act as insulin sensitizers, increasing glucose uptake.

Function of Megalitinides

• Similar to Sulfonylureas, but work for a shorter duration.

Function of Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors

• Inhibit enzymes in the intestine that convert starch into glucose.

Conclusion

• Observed the mechanism of action and side effects of all drugs.
• Understood insulin preparation, various types of diabetes, and their treatments.

Additional Information

• More lectures and notes are available in the Depth of Biology app.
• The study of diabetes and its related drugs is included in several subjects, such as Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology.